Human Tubercle Bacilli Research Articles

Classification of subtypes of human tubercle bacilli by phage susceptibility.

Classification of subtypes of human tubercle bacilli by phage susceptibility.

Chemical and immunological studies on mycobacterial polysaccharides. 1. Purification and properties of polysaccharides from human tubercle bacilli.

Defatted human tubercle bacilli, Aoyama B strain, were extracted with 0.1 n NaOH for 24 hr, and the crude polysaccharide fraction was precipitated by the addition of 5 volumes of ethyl alcohol. A yield of 17.8 g of crude polysaccharides was obtained from 800 g of bacilli. The crude polysaccharide was further fractionated into seven fractions by fractional precipitation with ethyl alcohol. Each fraction was purified by successive chromatography on Dowex 50 and diethylaminoethyl cellulose, and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and G-200. Optical rotation and gas chromatographic analyses of purified polysaccharide showed that these polysaccharides contained glucan mannan, arabinomannan, and arabinogalactan. Each polysaccharide was almost completely free from nitrogen, and no tuberculin reaction was produced by 100 mug of each material. Arabinomannan and arabinogalactan showed precipitin reaction, complement fixation, and passive hemagglutination reaction with rabbit antiserum against heat-killed whole bacilli (Aoyama B). In guinea pigs sensitized with Aoyama B bacilli, arabinomannan and arabinogalactan provoked anaphylactic shock when injected intravenously, and Arthus type reaction when injected intracutaneously. With the use of rabbit antiserum, arabinomannan and arabinogalactan showed passive anaphylactic shock, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and Prausnitz-Küstner type reactions in guinea pigs. By immunodiffusion analysis, it was shown that the antigenic determinant of arabinomannan was different from that of arabinogalactan.

Isoprenoid ketones from lipid extracts of tubercle bacilli.

The isolation of a series of isoprenoid ketones from lipid extracts of human tubercle bacilli is described. The main constituents are shown to have the structure MeC(Me):CH·CH2·[CH2·C(Me):CH·CH2]n·CH2·COMe, where n is 6 and 7, and one of the double bonds is reduced. Further studies indicate that the minor constituents have the above structure with no reduced double bond, and n= 2 to 5.

The mycolipanolic acids.

A series of homologous hydroxy-acids, now named mycolipanolic acids, has been isolated from the lipids of human tubercle bacilli. N.m.r. and mass spectrometric studies of the corresponding methyl esters and their anhydro- and acetyl derivatives are described, and evidence is presented that the above acids have the structure Me·[CH2]n·CHMe·CH2·CHMe·CH(OH)·CHMe·CO2H where n for the main homologue is 17, and for the minor homologues 19, 18, 16, and 15, respectively, and C-4 and C-6 have the L-configuration. High-resolution i.r. studies of the methyl esters and their epimers are also reported, and the natural products are shown to have the erythro-configuration with respect to C-2 and -3.

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the quantitative tuberculin tests. The influence of subclinical infections with atypical mycobacteria.

Excerpt Fifty years ago practically everyone over 20 years of age in the industrialized areas of Europe and the United States had been infected with human tubercle bacilli and gave strong positive ...

Further purification of polysaccharides having anaphylactic activity from culture filtrate of human tubercle bacilli.

Further purification of polysaccharides having anaphylactic activity from culture filtrate of human tubercle bacilli.

The James D. Bruce Memorial Award Lecture: The Influence of Subclinical Infections with Atypical Mycobacteria on the Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Quantitative Tuberculin Tests.

Excerpt Fifty years ago almost everyone over 20 years of age had been infected with human tubercle bacilli and gave strong positive skin reactions to standard doses of tuberculin. At the present ti...

Isolation and purification of anaphylactically active polysaccharide from human tubercle bacilli.

Isolation and purification of anaphylactically active polysaccharide from human tubercle bacilli.

The methoxymycolic and ketomycolic acids from human tubercle bacilli

The methoxymycolic and ketomycolic acids from human tubercle bacilli

Differentiation of mycobacteria by nicotinic acid susceptibility.

Japanese Journal of MicrobiologyVolume 11, Issue 1 p. 69-70 NoteFree Access Differentiation of Mycobacteria by Nicotinic Acid Susceptibility Tan-Thiam-Hok, Tan-Thiam-Hok Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author Tan-Lioe-San, Tan-Lioe-San Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author Yang-Sho-Yen, Yang-Sho-Yen Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author The-Kie-Seng, The-Kie-Seng Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author Tan-Thiam-Hok, Tan-Thiam-Hok Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author Tan-Lioe-San, Tan-Lioe-San Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author Yang-Sho-Yen, Yang-Sho-Yen Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author The-Kie-Seng, The-Kie-Seng Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, Djakarta, IndonesiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1967.tb00321.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES 1Holm, J., and Lester, V. 1947. Diagnostic demonstration of tubercle bacilli. Public Health Rep. 62: 847– 847. 2Tan Thiam Hok. 1962. A new method for the differentiation of the human tubercle bacillus from other types of mycobacteria using nicotinamide containing media (nicotinamide test). Amer. Rev. Respiratory Dis. 86: 94. 3The Kie Seng. 1965. Evaluation of the nicotinamide test for the differentiation of human tubercle bacilli from other types of mycobacteria. Thesis. Univ. Indonesia. Volume11, Issue1January 1967Pages 69-70 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Dharmendra抗原による皮内反応のらい検診における疫学的意義

It was reported previously that guinea pigs sensitized with M. leprae were converted to positive reaction with the use of not only Dharmendra antigen but also tuberculin and guinea pigs sensitized with human tubercle bacilli or BCG too were converted to positive reaction due to tuberculin and Dharmendra antigen. On the other hand, it was found that the positive conversion of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen were primarily effected with BCG vaccination and secondarly with the natural infection of tuberculosis, investigating on the results of reaction due to Dha-rmendra antigen among general population.Then, for the investigating on the problem whether the infection of leprosy could be detected with the use of Dharmendra antigen, the results of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen among people of leprosy-household were compared with those in the othe populations. The results obtained were as follows;1) The ratio of Dharmendra positive rate to tuberculin positive rate and the positive rate of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen among tuberculin positive reactors was higher in peoples of the leprosy-household than in the other populations.2) The positive rate of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen among tuberculin negative reactors was significantly higher in peoples of the leprosy-household than in the other populations.These above results may be suggested that the positive conversion of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen can be carried out by means of the infection of leprosy.Then, the relationship between the results of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen among general populations and the incidence of leprosy was investigated. As a result, it was clarified that the reaction due to Dharmendra antigen might be useful for the detection of immunity against leprosy and for discovering the incidence of leprosy epidemiologically, if the positive rate of reaction due to Dharmendra antigen was investigated under the consideration of the tuberculous infection or the inoculation with BCG.

Niacin metabolism in mycobacteria. Mechanism of excess niacin production by human tubercle bacilli.

Niacin metabolism in mycobacteria. Mechanism of excess niacin production by human tubercle bacilli.

Studies on the mycolic acids from human tubercle bacilli

Studies on the mycolic acids from human tubercle bacilli

Studies relating to phthiocerol. Part V. Phthiocerol A and B

Phthiocerol B, consisting of two homologous β-diols closely related to the previously known diols CH3·[CH2]n·CH(OH)·CH2·CH(OH)·[CH2]4·CH(CH3)·CH(OCH3)·CH2·CH3, now named phthiocerol A, has been isolated, together with other products, from crude phthiocerol (obtained from human tubercle bacilli). Comparative mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phthiocerol A and B, as well as their ethylidene acetals, are described and evidence is presented that phthiocerol B is a mixture of homologues having the structure CH3·[CH2]n·CH(OH)·CH2·CH(OH)·[CH2]4·CH(CH3)·CH(OCH3)·CH3 where n is 22 and 20, respectively. High-resolution infrared studies of phthiocerol A and B are also reported.

Niacin Metabolism in Mycobacteria1,2

Human tubercle bacilli, as compared with other mycobacteria, produce a large amount of in the culture medium (1). The niacin (2), which distinguishes human tubercle bacilli biochemically from other mycobacteria, is based on this difference in production. Albertson and Moat (3) reported that niacin-14C was formed from aspartic acid-14C and suggested that was formed by the condensation of a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a three-carbon compound. Konno and co-workers (4, 5), using cellfree extracts of mycobacteria, reported that quinolinic acid was a precursor of ribonucleotide (deamido-NMN). The enzyme activity that converts quinolinic acid to deamidoNMN was found to parallel production. Nakamura, Nishizuka, and Hayaishi (6), using a purified beef liver extract system, demonstrated the regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In the absence of ATP, deamido-NMN is converted to ribonucleoside and eventually to niacin. However, when a sufficient amount of ATP is available, and ribonucleoside are utilized for the synthesis of deamido-NMN, and no accumulates. The production of excess by human strains of mycobacteria suggested that a similar mechanism might be operative, and the studies reported here were designed to test this hypothesis.

Further studies of sensitivity to avian and human old tuberculin in man

Summary It has previously been shown that, among non-BCG-vaccinated Royal Air Force apprentices aged 18–19, those who reacted to small doses of tuberculin tended to give larger reactions to human than to avian tuberculin; in those who reacted only to large doses of tuberculin, the reverse was found. This finding of a ‘cross-over’ in passing from small to large doses has now been confirmed in a further group of 130 non-BCG-vaccinated R.A.F. apprentices. No such cross-over was found in 147 old people aged 60–91, indicating that the cross-over in the young men was unlikely to be related to a long interval since previous infection. No cross-over was found in 37 young men, believed to have been infected with mammalian tubercle bacilli, and tested simultaneously with two doses of the human and two of the avian tuberculin; this indicated that the cross-over in the R.A.F. apprentices was unlikely to be inherent in the behaviour of these two tuberculins in man. It is concluded that in the R.A.F. apprentices the reactions to the small doses indicated past infections with human (or bovine) tubercle bacilli, whereas reactions only to the large doses indicated infection with avian (or related) tubercle bacilli.

STUDY ON THE TUBERCULOSTATIC FACTOR OF MAMMALIAN SERUM.

Studies of the effects of serum from various mammals upon the tubercle bacillus have generally been limited in the time of contact between the bacillus and the investigated serum, and in the use of diluting media which can neutralize tuberculostasis. It was shown in previous reports that the latter limitation is mainly responsible for failures to demonstrate a strong antimycobacterial activity in immune guinea pig and normal human serum (1, 2)when these sera were diluted in various citrateor phosphate-containing media, tuberculostasis was vitiated. The use of different media for the dilution of investigated serum is the principal cause of the contradictory results reported in the literature. Thus, Kirchner (3) and Boissevain (4) diluted human, guinea pig, sheep, rabbit, and horse serum in synthetic media and concluded that these sera stimulated the growth of human tubercle bacilli, and that such serummedium mixtures could serve as an excellent medium for the growth of these organisms. Raffel (5), in discussing immunity in tuberculosis, indicated that there is no specific evidence in the literature to suggest that the serum of normal animals is tuberculostatic-virulent as well as avirulent bacilli grow very well in vitro in normal serum as a medium. Contrary to these findings, Hedvall (6) reported that serum specimens from man, horse, cow, dog, cat, rabbit, and guinea pig act as inhibitors of bacillary growth. In the present work, the effects of various mammalian serum samples upon the growth of tubercle bacilli were tested and an investigation made of ways of purification of the tuberculostatic factor which is present in most of the tested serum.

Studies on the Firmly Bound Lipids of Human Tubercle BacillusII. Isolation of Arabinose Mycolate and Identification of Its Chemical Structure

Studies on the Firmly Bound Lipids of Human Tubercle Bacillus: II. Isolation of Arabinose Mycolate and Identification of Its Chemical Structure Get access ICHIRO AZUMA, ICHIRO AZUMA Third Dèpartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YUICHI YAMAMURA YUICHI YAMAMURA Third Dèpartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 53, Issue 4, April 1963, Pages 275–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a127694 Published: 01 April 1963 Article history Received: 28 November 1962 Published: 01 April 1963

青山B株ツベルクリンよりZone electrophoresisで得られた分画について

Four fractions obtained electrophoretically from human strain Aoyama-B tuberculin were tested on their ability to cause skin reaction, tuberculin-potency, in sensitized guinea pigs.The activity to provoke skin reaction in guinea pigs fell into the s following sequence: Fraction I was the strongst and fraction II. was the next, fraction III was considerably weaker than the preceding two fractions and the polysaccharide fraction was much weaker than the others.All of the fractions, however, were weaker and no single fraction was found to be comparable to the original material, DT, in their tuberculin-potencies.Protein fractions II and III were compared with each other in guinea pigs sensitized with killed or living human tubercle bacilli, with regard to their tuberculin-potencies. Results obtained were as follows: In animals sensitized with living bacilli, the potency of fraction II was 7 times, and in animals sensitized: with killed bacilli 4 times as high as that of fraction III.

Utilization of carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Sweeney, Edward E. (University of California, Los Angeles) and Gregory J. Jann. Utilization of carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 84:459-465. 1962.-A new procedure, using a massive inoculum and nongrowth basal medium, was employed for testing carbohydrate and polyhydric alcohol utilization by human tubercle bacilli. A positive reaction was represented by acidification of the test medium rather than by growth, which was the criterion for carbohydrate utilization in studies by earlier workers. The new procedure was both more sensitive and more rapid than growth techniques; results were obtained within days, compared to weeks or months required for growth testing. The massive-inoculum technique may be applied to compounds other than carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols, and is a sensitive means of detecting changes wrought by various chemical and physical agents upon the metabolism of tubercle bacilli. Three H(37)Rv strains and six strains of human tubercle bacilli freshly isolated from patients were tested with 21 carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols. All nine strains gave strong positive reactions for glucose and glycerol, and usually weak positive reactions for ribose and sorbose. Five of the nine strains were trehalose positive, and six (all fresh patient isolates) of the nine were mannose positive.