Human Trafficking Research Articles

The Influence of Partisanship on Assessments of Promise Fulfillment and Accountability

I draw together theories of partisan polarization and motivated reasoning, which suggest that partisanship shapes information processing, and theories of accountability, which argue voters hold elected officials accountable through promise fulfillment. Here, I ask how partisanship influences voter understanding of promise fulfillment and accountability and if voters assess promises through a partisan lens. Two original survey experiments test how respondents react to promise fulfillment on the issues of immigration and human trafficking. I demonstrate that co-partisans differentiate between kept and broken promises, but out-partisans do not. Despite partisan differences, respondents evaluate promise-keeping when asked about accountability but not when asked about approval. Thus, even when voters recognize broken promises, accountability is influenced by partisanship. Immigration, a more polarized issue, is more likely to prime a partisan response than human trafficking, a less polarized issue. Future work must account for partisanship in accountability and what this means for our understanding of fundamental democratic principles.

Human Trafficking Awareness in the Emergency Care Setting Joint Position Statement.

Human Trafficking Awareness in the Emergency Care Setting Joint Position Statement.

Use Lexicographic Max Product of Picture Fuzzy Graph in Human Trafficking

Graph structures are an essential tool for solving combinatorial problems in computer science and computational intelligence. With an emphasis on signed graphs, picture-fuzzy graphs, and graphs with colored or labeled edges, this study explores the properties of picture-fuzzy graph topologies. Within these frameworks, it presents key ideas such as the lexicographic-max product, vertex degree, and total degree. The use of picture-fuzzy graphs' lexicographic-max product to tackle intricate problems like human trafficking is a key component of this study. The study illustrates how this strategy can improve decision-making processes in such crucial areas by utilizing the special qualities of picture-fuzzy graphs. The study is supported by informative numerical examples that show how useful these ideas are in real-world situations. In addition, the study offers a thorough algorithmic foundation for applying the lexicographic-max product in practical situations, especially those involving human trafficking. The goal of this framework is to provide a workable approach for applying picture-fuzzy graph structures to enhance decision-making and tackle important societal issues.

Victimological Study of Children as Victims of Acts Criminal Trafficking in People

Victimological Study of Children as Victims of Acts Criminal Trafficking in People

Human Trafficking Awareness Training and Response Procedure Template for Transit Agencies

As the frontline eyes on communities, transit operators are uniquely positioned to recognize suspicious activities and report them to authorities. Training is necessary to inform and empower transit agencies in the fight against human trafficking. Human trafficking is modern day slavery, which the U.S. Department of Justice defines as a crime that involves the exploitation of a person for labor, services, or commercial sex. Human trafficking is a worldwide criminal industry that the denies freedom of 25 million people around the world. This heinous crime often targets the most vulnerable populations and preys on their needs, weaknesses, and insecurities as a strategy to control their victims through force, fraud, and coercion. This paper reviews the resources available for transit agencies to train their employees on the signs of human trafficking that they should be on the lookout for. Truckers Against Trafficking’s Busing on the Lookout program has shared success stories related to transit employees recognizing situations and saving human trafficking victims. However, the existence of transit agency policies and associated procedures is a recognized resource gap in the transit industry. The available training materials direct trainees to refer to their agency policy on how to report suspicious activity. However, as noted, many transit agencies do not have a formalized policy or procedures in place to dictate how to report suspected human trafficking activity. This paper provides agencies with valuable human trafficking awareness training resources and a response procedure template as tools to improve the awareness and reporting procedures in their agency.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Trafficking di Indonesia: Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007

Human trafficking is still a major threat in Indonesia. Human trafficking is a cruel and sad phenomenon, especially as those who are trafficked are women and children. Sexual exploitation, coercion, fraud, forced labor, and abuse of power for the perpetrator's monetary gain or personal satisfaction are examples of trafficking victims. Human dignity and rights have been violated in this case. Human trafficking is a serious and cruel crime, which can cause physical, psychological and emotional suffering for victims. Victims of human trafficking crimes are not given much attention, this could be due to the focus on punishment being only given to the perpetrators which then signals the resolution of the problem. Therefore, there is a need for adequate legal protection to guarantee human rights.

PAROKI RAMAH ANAK SEBAGAI WUJUD DIAKONIA GEREJA TERHADAP PERSOALAN HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The Catholic Church pays full attention to efforts to eradicate human trafficking that affects children Catholic Church pays full attention to efforts to eradicate human trafficking that affects children and women. The Church realizes that human trafficking is a humanitarian issue that must be handled seriously. Humans, including children and women, are the image of God and have the same dignity as all people. This concern is a form of Church diakonia, namely serving and protecting the small and weak. One of the Church's efforts is realized through a child-friendly parish program. A child-friendly parish is a pastoral program that prioritizes children to grow integrally as members of the Church. The approach used to obtain information about child-friendly parish programs is qualitative, using interview and observation methods. From this research it is concluded that the child-friendly parish program as a form of Church diakonia has not been fully understood and realized in parish life. So at the end of this article the author states several responsibilities of the Church as a form of Church diakonia in relation to human trafficking cases and offers several practical efforts that can be made by the Church to improve the quality of Church services to children through child-friendly parish programs.

Fun or Necessity? Sex Tourism And Informality in Women of A District of San Martín

Object: determine the relationship between sexual tourism and informality in women between 18 and 30 years old in a district of San Martín. It allowed us to know the economic situation and obtain a record of data on women's informality in order to reduce the gaps that exist with poverty, improve opportunities through scholarships and municipal programs and little by little make society recognize this activity as any other, without discriminating against whoever exercises it. Theoretical framework: focuses on two topics that may be worrying because they talk about sexual tourism and the informality of the work carried out by women, preferably, with the purpose, topics that are apparently critical; However, they are realities that occur in many places, one of them being in the San Martín region, where these people put their health at risk due to contagion and diseases to which they are exposed. Method: basic research, non-experimental - correlational. The population and sample consisted of 50 women who are dedicated to providing sexual services. The technique was the survey and the instrument was the questionnaire. Results and conclusions: the level of sexual tourism dimensions: work condition, high at 60%; type of work, medium at 62% and personal fulfillment, high at 80%. The level of informality dimensions: taxes, medium at 70%; social protection, medium at 86% and labor regulations, medium at 54%. It was concluded that there is a very low, but non-significant positive relationship between sexual tourism and informality in women between 18 and 30 years old in a district of San Martín, with a Spearman's Rho coefficient of 0.037 and p-value of 0.79; also only 1.4% variability. Implications of the research: proposed to resolve the issue of informality, the dangers that the lifestyle they have and the control of sexually transmitted diseases entail; also provide solutions that try to eradicate the violence that in some cases sex workers experience, labor exploitation, human trafficking and, if possible, try to locate these people in a strategic place where they can carry out this work, with the purpose to control this activity.

Perlindungan Hukum bagi Warga Rohingya yang Ditolak oleh Warga Aceh

The Rohingya currently find that they are no longer getting a good response from the people around Aceh, especially in the West Aceh section, because some of them refuse some assistance from some of the surrounding communities and leave the refugee camp. This writing method uses a normative method with a juridical-normative approach which leads to legislation and applicable law. The results of this study will discuss the protection of rohingya citizens who fled their country because there were human rights issues where they fled from the government of another country and many victims of rohingya citizens were used as objects of human trafficking and then some of them fled to the West Aceh area and the stigma of the people of Aceh at that time changed from positive to negative due to the behavior of the rohingya citizens themselves and indeed Indonesia has not become a country that is a party to the 1951 refugee convention and the 1967 Protocol but Indonesia still respects the rights of asylum seekers such as the rohingya citizens themselves.

Social and Psychological Trauma of Human Trafficking: Albanian Women Case

Human trafficking is a phenomenon with a long history during the centuries. In Albania country, human trafficking has existed for a long time, even during the communist period. The post-communist period has been ranked as the top period for human trafficking and human slavery. As a result of the phenomena of the collapse of communism after 1990, in Albanian society happened so many changes in the field of government and political system, the opening of boundaries toward all countries of the world or free movement toward all countries, liberalisation of the economy, social and cultural changes etc. Most researchers evaluated this period as a transition period in political, social, economic and cultural. So this situation created a good field for developing human trafficking within Albania. Although the human trafficking phenomenon has been explored in the post-communist society, in the transition period till nowadays have been growing and extended more. The functioning of the government and low security made it possible for the mafia to be stronger in human trafficking too. So, Albania has been a bridge country for human trafficking from Eastern countries toward Greece, Italy, European Countries and other countries of the world. Women and children were and are still primary victims of sex slavery and are included in varying sexual activities like prostitution, stripping, sex tourism, pornography etc. In this paper, we are going to explain human trafficking as a type of modern slavery that is formed as sex trafficking. In this case, we are going to discuss the psychological trauma that sex trafficking affects Albanian women. Are these victims still able to continue their own lives? Do they fill their selves ignored by the society where they are living? What are their psychological traumas caused in their character and does this trauma affect their life? Also, we are going to discuss for social trauma that is caused in Albanian society during the human trafficking have happened in the post-communist period till today. What are the pathologies that human trafficking (in this case sex trafficking) brings to Albanian society and the different social actors? Received: 2 June 2024 / Accepted: 25 July 2024 / Published: 29 July 2024

Criminal Legal Regulation of Trafficking in Human Bodies: Spanish and Brazilian Experience

Organ trafficking, a very profitable worldwide illegal activity today, is frequently overlooked by those involved in combating human trafficking due to its complex and covert nature. Numerous international documents underscore the importance of countering trafficking in human organs and transplant tourism. This article analyzes the legal frameworks of Spain and Brazil, with a particular focus on their compliance with international and supranational standards aimed at combating, inter alia, the illegal circulation of organs and other phenomena associated with it. Firstly, the article distinguishes such phenomena as transplant commercialism, transplant tourism and illegal trafficking in organs and draws attention to the fact that currently there is no uniform understanding of the clear boundaries of the concept of illegal trafficking in organs. Elaborating on the various aspects of the above-mentioned types of criminal activity may allow one to properly determine the legal interests and rights protected by criminal law and the types of behavior subject to imputation in an exhaustive way. Secondly, the authors outline a number of controversial issues that arise due to the complex nature of organ trafficking and suggest several ways to meet these challenges.

Tindak Kejahatan Perdagangan Manusia Di Dunia Sebagai Bentuk Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Di Era Globalisasi

Human trafficking or often called human trafficking is a type of transnational crime involving violations of human rights (HAM). This is related to violations of the most fundamental human rights, namely the right to freedom, a better life, prosperity and human rights as creatures with dignity. The government's protection of its citizens is still relatively ineffective, because there are still many unknown victims of exploitation. The increasingly developing era of globalization makes it easier for citizens throughout the world to carry out human trafficking considering that various information is easy to obtain. Human trafficking is usually carried out using fraudulent methods such as promises of something, for example marriage, work abroad with a large salary, and so on. So human trafficking is an important issue that needs to be discussed and addressed as best as possible so that citizens can obtain their rights as human beings with dignity. A nation can grow as a great nation if the people within it do not fall into criminal acts such as human trafficking which is a heinous crime to commit. Humans are not goods that can be bought and sold and can be exploited arbitrarily..

CONTEMPORARY MIGRANT CRISIS WITH THE SPECIAL OVERVIEW OF THE PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE CITIZENS OF IMMIGRATION COUNTRIES

The contemporary migrant (refugee) crisis that began in 2010 in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East is by no means accidental, but a very well-planned and executed migration of people. This plan slowly leads to the formation of a completely new world order in such a way as to destroy the previous national one, and create a completely new limited sovereignty. The de-sovereignation of nation-states has become a scourge of the modern age. A typical example is the European Union, which, in the era of the contemporary migrant crisis, has set itself a great challenge and task, to preserve the national identity of its member states. In the paper, the authors presented the legal and institutional framework for the protection of basic human rights of migrants. The paper contains a special reference to respect for the constitutional rights of citizens of the countries of immigration in the age of the migrant crisis. The contemporary migrant crisis has led to an enormous increase in people smuggling, but also influenced the increase in human trafficking. In the paper, the authors point to the distinction between human smuggling as a criminal offense against public order and peace and human trafficking as a criminal offense against humanity and other goods protected by international law. In the final deliberations, it was pointed out the necessity of respecting international documents, encouraging national, regional and global cooperation, as well as public condemnation of discrimination and hate speech.

Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang Dalam Perspektif Kejahatan Lintas Negara

Regulations regarding cases of cross-border human trafficking in Indonesia have long existed and were confirmed with the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1979. Based on Law Number 7 of 1984 concerning Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. This was then strengthened by the passing of Law no. On the 21st of 2007, legislation was passed to eradicate the crime of human trafficking. Compliance with the Palermo Protocol and the implementation of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking is expected to increase legal protection for victims of transnational human trafficking, especially women.

(Re)Framing abortion: the lamination of trafficking in reproductive rights discourse

ABSTRACT Human trafficking has historically been exploited for political purposes and to reify social hierarchies. Popular media and conspiracies such as QAnon have reinforced many of these myths about human trafficking. As reproductive rights have continued to be contested in the U.S. with the overturn of Roe v. Wade, the term ‘abortion trafficking’ has been introduced to leverage fears related to trafficking and unify opposition to abortion access. This article considers how ‘abortion trafficking’ reflects a tradition of laminating human trafficking onto polarizing discourse frames. Utilizing Goffman’s conception of lamination in his work on frame analysis, identification of how ‘abortion trafficking’ has been manifested in popular discourse is identified. Implications of the effects of such laminations on theory and popular sentiment are considered.

The Impact of Integrated Border Security System on Human Trafficking in Bangladesh: The Mediating Effect of the Use of Advanced Technology

This paper explores the effect of integrated border security and advanced technology on human trafficking in Bangladesh, focusing on the mediating role of advanced technology. Human trafficking remains a critical issue in Bangladesh due to socio-economic challenges and the nature of bordering regions despite substantial technological and policy advancement. Through empirical analysis, this study reveals that advanced technology such as biometric identification, data analytics, and real-time data sharing significantly bolster the effectiveness of the Border Security System in identifying and preventing human trafficking issues. This paper highlights the significance of comprehensive policies, sufficient investment on specialised training, and community engagement in addressing human trafficking. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, signifying the need for ongoing adaptation and collaboration to combat human trafficking effectively.

Factors that influence the criminal justice response to human trafficking: a systematic review of North American and European studies

Human trafficking, the recruitment and transportation of persons by use of force, coercion, or deception for exploitation is one of the largest illicit industries worldwide. In the execution of anti-trafficking policies to combat this phenomenon, nation-states have assigned a decisive role to criminal justice actors as they are not only responsible for the detection, investigation, and prosecution of perpetrators but also for the identification and (legal) protection of victims of human trafficking. However, research has shown that criminal justice actors encounter many challenges whilst carrying out their tasks, which is also reflected in the low numbers of successful prosecutions and identified victims. To our knowledge, the reasons behind this observation have never been studied systematically. This systematic review aims to collect and synthesise empirical literature on factors that influence the criminal justice response to human trafficking to better understand and identify gaps in knowledge. In total, 35 empirical studies were included. Findings were discussed in light of theory and previous research and were used to provide recommendations for policy and future research. These studies suggest that factors such as prevailing stereotypes, an absence of legal guidance and a lack of capacity and expertise interact and even amplify each other and that strengthening the criminal justice response to human trafficking requires a multi-layered approach that simultaneously addresses several challenges.

The non-punishment of human trafficking victims in Europe: A comparative perspective

Human trafficking victims can be subjected, not only to sexual and labour exploitation, but also to the exploitation of criminal activities such as theft or drug production. Besides, due to the nature of trafficking, victims may also face sanctions for their irregular migration status or for the offences committed in an attempt to free themselves. In view of this phenomenon, the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, as well as Directive 2011/36/EU, compel member States to take the necessary measures to ensure the non-punishment of trafficked people for their involvement in criminal activities that they have been forced to commit as a consequence of trafficking. Since the approval of these provisions, many countries have adopted diverse policies to fulfil this international duty and prevent human trafficking victims from receiving sanctions. Using a comparative perspective, this paper aims to illustrate and critically evaluate the main challenges regarding the implementation of this clause in Europe. The results underline the persistent need to improve policies focussed on the protection of victims, putting aside punitive logics.

Metaphors for legal terms concerning vulnerable people

Abstract This study takes a cognitive view of metaphor to investigate the terms designating vulnerable people used in two legal languages, namely English as used in the European Union and Mandarin Chinese. We applied a discourse dynamics approach to metaphor to explore the implicit connotations of the terms identifying different groups of vulnerable people (e.g., minors, disabled people, victims of human trafficking). The findings show that even when appearing in legal texts, many of the key terms for these groups are not objective, nor are they unbiased and detached from our subjective and bodily experience of the world. When these terms are connoted, they tend to have negative connotations, raising concerns about their social implications. This study highlights the entailments of embodiment theories for terminology and proposes that the identification of groups of vulnerable people is a social product motivated by unconscious relations of power rather than relations of assistance and reciprocity.

Increase in Crime Against Women in the Last Two Decades: A State-Wise Analysis

This paper investigates the alarming rise in crimes against women in India over the past two decades. By analyzing state-wise data, the study aims to identify patterns, underlying factors, and possible solutions to mitigate this growing issue. The research delves into various types of crimes, including domestic violence, sexual harassment, and human trafficking, providing a comprehensive overview of the current situation and its evolution over time.