Human Society Research Articles

Societal impacts of chatbot and mitigation strategies for negative impacts: A large-scale qualitative survey of ChatGPT users

Discussing ChatGPT's societal impact often focuses on specific domains or groups, typically involving a limited number of participants. In contrast, this study investigates the impact of this artificial intelligence (AI) on society as a whole by conducting a qualitative online survey with 1298 daily users from Hinterland of China across various industries. Identified key benefits include enhanced efficiency and production, improved communication, understand, and cooperation, increased social equalization and harmony, and bolstered public mental health. On the downside, concerns arose about (un)employment issues, biased or false outputs, potential for unethical applications, and user dependency and its negative consequences. To address these concerns, participants suggested use restrictions and management, promoting independent and critical thinking/practice, enhancing user literacy, increasing individual irreplaceability, technological improvement and optimization, and safeguarding against AI threats to human society. The above results elucidate the impact of ChatGPT on various social domains and potential solutions for its negative effects. These findings augment existing research on AI user models from a societal impact perspective, providing a foundation for proposing AI user models that consider the social implications of AI. These outcomes also aim to assist policymakers, researchers, and designers in better understanding the societal impact and user concerns regarding AI, thereby informing the design and enhancement of products, services, or policies.

On the Current Situation of College Students' Etiquette Culture and the Ways to Cultivate Etiquette Literacy

For many years, China's dynasties have been respected as the first ancient country of world civilization and the state of etiquette by people at home and abroad. Etiquette culture is one of the most core elements of the essence of China's long-standing traditional moral culture, which contains a lot of ideological essence and excellent moral essence in the excellent traditional history and culture of the Chinese nation. With the continuous and rapid development of the productive forces of human modern knowledge society, the ideological life of our modern people will inevitably change, but the Chinese national etiquette culture deeply rooted in the hearts of modern people is also a completely will never be ignored by human beings. Among them, the college students are not only the active inheritors of the excellent cultural tradition and the spirit of etiquette culture in contemporary China, but also the vigorous promoters of the concept of etiquette culture in the new economic period. Nowadays, many behaviors of college students in communication are not in line with civilization and do not respect the principles of norms. Ignoring these traditional and etiquette cultural concepts will not be able to effectively promote the correct cultivation of college students' image cultivation. This paper analyzes the current situation and education of college students' etiquette culture.

Study on River Protection and Improvement Based on a Comprehensive Statistical Model in a Coastal Plain River Network

When considering the contradictions between river management and protection in a typical plain river network, it is always confirmed that the river area has usually been encroached upon due to the development of human society. Based on the analysis of multiple attributes of the river network, a statistical model has been proposed in this study in order to determine the river network protection indices such as river area ratio, storage capacity and flux. In this study, a numerical method is proposed to improve the structure and connectivity of the river network by calculating the occupation and supplement balance. According to the principle of water area dynamic balance, the river network structure and its connectivity are improved through water area adjustment in a typical coastal city. As the simulation results show, the water surface ratio equals 8.17%, the storage capacity equals 112.6 million m3 and the water flux equals to 656.06 m3/s in the selected study area. The flood drainage capacity is introduced as the priority function, other functions are also improved due to river management and protection. The harmonious and sustainable coexistence between human society and the river network is then promoted. This comprehensive statistical model proved to be a good tool for the coastal area to enhance the comprehensive attributes of the coastal plain river network and the sustainable development of the local area in the future.

Comprehensive assessment of eutrophication in Tangxun Lake, a large urban lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Urban lakes play an important role in supporting the ecological environment and human society, yet increasing pollution poses a threat to water quality. Tangxun Lake, a typical Large urban lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, has experienced cultural eutrophication in recent years; however, few studies have comprehensively examined the water quality of this lake. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Tangxun Lake Basin using the Nemerow pollution index, principal component analysis (PCA), phytoplankton density and diversity, and the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI). Additionally, we analyzed the main influencing factors to provide a reference for the management of the aquatic environment of Tangxun Lake. The Nemerow pollution index evaluation showed that the annual degree of pollution in Tangxun Lake ranged from mild to heavy. The PCA results showed that the main pollution factors affecting water quality were total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). According to the results of TLI, the water in Tangxun Lake was moderately to severely eutrophic. Evaluation of algal cell density showed that Tangxun Lake was mesotrophic, and the phytoplankton diversity index showed that the eutrophication level was high. The degree of pollution in Tangxun Lake varied seasonally and was in the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn. The pollution in inner Tangxun Lake was relatively serious in spring, summer, and autumn, whereas that in outer Tangxun Lake was more serious in winter. This study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of the ecological environment in the Tangxun Lake Basin.

MMD-MII Model: A Multilayered Analysis and Multimodal Integration Interaction Approach Revolutionizing Music Emotion Classification

Music plays a vital role in human culture and society, serving as a universal form of expression. However, accurately classifying music emotions remains challenging due to the intricate nature of emotional expressions in music and the integration of diverse data sources. To address these challenges, we propose the Multilayered Music Decomposition and Multimodal Integration Interaction (MMD-MII) model. This model employs cross-processing to facilitate interaction between audio and lyrics, ensuring coherence in emotional representation. Additionally, we introduce a hierarchical framework based on the music theory, focusing on the main and chorus sections, with the chorus processed separately to extract precise emotional representations. Experimental results on the DEAM and FMA datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the MMD-MII model, achieving accuracies of 49.68% and 49.54% respectively. Compared with the existing methods, our model outperforms in accuracy and F1 scores, offering promising implications for music recommendation systems, healthcare, psychology, and advertising, where accurate emotional analysis is essential.

1st International Conference MRTBS 2024 Modern research trends in biomedical sciences: a holistic approach to health care BOOK OF ABSTRACTS SUPPLEMENT 3

Human health is a complex web of interactions between physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. nowadays, a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to medicine is not only important but essential for a comprehensive understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of individual and population health problems.Th e exchange of ideas between researchers from diff erent branches of science, from basic research to studies that aff ect people and whole populations, is crucial, especially today when there is so much going on in science. Researchers from diff erent fi elds often approach problems with unique perspectives and methods, inspiring each other and leading to innovative solutions and breakthroughs. Collaboration enables a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues related to human health and society by incorporating fi ndings from diff erent disciplines. In addition, collaboration enables the translation of fundamental discoveries into practical applications, such as new treatments or strategies. Ethical considerations are also of utmost importance, especially when research is conducted on humans or entire populations, and ethical research requires collaboration between researchers from the fi elds of health sciences, ethics, social sciences, and biomedicine. Research fi ndings have the greatest impact when they address real-world problems and challenges. Th erefore, it is important to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure research is relevant to the needs of society. In addition, collaboration promotes the validation and replication of research results, which improves the robustness, transferability, and generalizability of results in diff erent contexts.Th e MRTBS2024 conference brings together scientists from diff erent disciplines in health sciences and those from diff erent countries and cultures, which is important for creating a holistic approach to health sciences. By bringing together experts from different fi elds, such as medicine, public health, psychology, physiotherapy, nursing, dietetics, medicinal chemistry, biology, etc., this conference off ers a comprehensive understanding of health issues. Th e integration of these diff erent perspectives promotes a more holistic understanding of health, taking into account cultural beliefs, practices, and social determinants that infl uence health outcomes, and provides an opportunity for researchers from diff erent disciplines to collaborate on research projects and initiatives, promoting the integration of diff erent methods, theories, and approaches. By bringing together researchers from diverse cultural backgrounds, we also wanted to promote cultural sensitivity and its relevance in health research.We hope that this extraordinary event will not only be a breakthrough for Opole University and the city of Opole but will also leave a lasting impression on the Polish and international stage in the fi eld of medicine and health sciences.The project is conducted as a part of the Excellent Science II Program announced by the Minister of Education and Science 2023

Connecting human behaviour, meaning and nature.

Much of the discourse around climate change and the situation of diverse human societies and cultures in the Anthropocene focuses on responding to scientific understanding of the dynamics of the biosphere by adjusting existing institutional and organizational structures. Our emerging scientific understanding of human behaviour and the mechanisms that enable groups to achieve large-scale coordination and cooperation suggests that incrementally adjusting existing institutions and organizations will not be sufficient to confront current global-scale challenges. Specifically, the transaction costs of operating institutions to induce selfish rational actors to consider social welfare in their decision-making are too high. Rather, we highlight the importance of networks of shared stories that become real-imagined orders-that create context, meaning and shared purpose for framing decisions and guiding action. We explore imagined orders that have contributed to bringing global societies to where they are and propose elements of a science-informed imagined order essential to enabling societies to flourish in the Anthropocene biosphere. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.

Э.В. Ильенков о свободе воли

<p>Evald Ilyenkov’s works explores the issue of free will within the framework of activity theory. According to him, the concept of freedom is linked to the general activity of living beings in the external world and to the purposeful nature of this activity. Human freedom, or the ‘freedom of the will’, is treated as acting in accordance with the “purpose of the species”, that is, the interests of human society. The will is a psychological function that subordinates an individual’s activity to the goals and norms of social life. Alternative doctrines postulate free will as an immediate “fact of consciousness”, discovered through introspection and underlying human activity. This is where traditional empirical psychology intersects with the physiological doctrine of the unconditional reflex of freedom. Ilyenkov regards such a conception of free will as a “psychological illusion” and examines the implications of this illusion in the classic experiments of academician Ivan Pavlov. The article offers a cultural-historical perspective on the development of the human mind as a process of increasing free will: the emancipation of mental activity from the captivity of natural affects through the use of cultural tools and man’s rational understanding of the world and himself.</p>

Expropriated Minds: On Some Practical Problems of Generative AI, Beyond Our Cognitive Illusions

This paper discusses some societal implications of the most recent and publicly discussed application of advanced machine learning techniques: generative AI models, such as ChatGPT (text generation) and DALL-E (text-to-image generation). The aim is to shift attention away from conceptual disputes, e.g. regarding their level of intelligence and similarities/differences with human performance, to focus instead on practical problems, pertaining the impact that these technologies might have (and already have) on human societies. After a preliminary clarification of how generative AI works (Sect. 1), the paper discusses what kind of transparency ought to be required for such technologies and for the business model behind their commercial exploitation (Sect. 2), what is the role of user-generated data in determining their performance and how it should inform the redistribution of the resulting benefits (Sect. 3), the best way of integrating generative AI systems in the creative job market and how to properly negotiate their role in it (Sect. 4), and what kind of “cognitive extension” offered by these technologies we ought to embrace, and what type we should instead resist and monitor (Sect. 5). The last part of the paper summarizes the main conclusions of this analysis, also marking its distance from other, more apocalyptic approaches to the dangers of AI for human society.

A holistic view of human rights and its application in the context of infectious disease pandemics

Under the new coronavirus epidemic, the implementation of public health measures has generated some resistance in countries around the world. The essence of examining the human rights claims of those who oppose the epidemic is that they have a too narrow understanding of individual human rights and ignore the obligation implications of human rights itself. From the historical point of view, health and epidemic prevention is the objective necessity of the survival and development of human society; From the ethical point of view, the joint fight against the epidemic is the moral obligation of the coordinated development of individuals and society. From the normative point of view, the management of infectious diseases is the basic consensus established by many international conventions. To correct the narrow understanding of individual human rights concept, the global human rights concept should be established in pandemic governance, and the concept of human health community should be shaped in the pandemic convention to build governance consensus, implement the same health concept to clarify the scope of governance, implement the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and strengthen the participation of individuals and communities in public health governance to improve governance paths. To shape a more reasonable and effective pandemic governance order.

Research on Innovative Dissemination Models of Nantong’s Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Big Data

Intangible cultural heritage is a product of human society’s spiritual civilization and a precious wealth left by history, carrying the wisdom of mankind and the civilization and splendour of human history. Nowadays, in the era of the development of cultural diversity, with the rise of a new generation of technologies such as Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, the audience of cultural heritage breaks the limitations of time and space, while the means and paths for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage are becoming richer and richer. By summarizing the connotations and characteristics of intangible heritage, sorting out the changes and developments in its transmission methods, analyzing the opportunities for the dissemination of intangible heritage in the digital age, examining the challenges faced by Nantong’s intangible cultural heritage in its dissemination, and combining current hot topics, this study proposes new paths for the dissemination of intangible heritage in the digital era in Nantong. The aim is to achieve efficient and widespread transmission from multiple angles, providing new ideas for cultural construction and cultural identification.

Smartphone Potential Energy in the Digital Era and the Construction of Learning Organizations in Universities

As human society enters the digital era in the 21st century, the widespread application of smartphones is reshaping the educational ecosystem. Smartphones not only possess communication, entertainment, and payment functions but also educational and relationship adjustment capabilities. These positive, promotive functions endowed by smartphones are referred to as smartphone potential energy. A survey conducted among students in three English teaching classes at a Beijing university revealed that smartphone potential energy typically plays four roles: resource sharer, direction guide, relationship facilitator, and learning motivator, thereby promoting the construction of university learning organization relationships. Under the influence of smartphone potential energy, organizational relationships shift from a focus on subjective interpersonal relationships to objective neutrality, and organizational structures evolve from linear hierarchical to flat structures, achieving a transition from management to governance, which provides insights for university grassroots student organization managers to scientifically implement organizational management and optimize relationships in the digital era.

Investigating the effect of industry-specific economic distance on the prediction of intercity population movement

Intercity population movement has been extensively studied since it is closely related to human society. Currently, city industry structures play dominant roles in the direction of population movement. Yet, the extent to which different kinds of industry proximity influence human mobility remains unclear. In this study, we introduce the concept of intercity industry proximity, regarded as economic distances, to forecast intercity population movement using a relational graph convolutional network. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework in learning information from 18 industry proximity networks. Using this framework, we investigate the impact of distinct industries on population movement by traversing each industry as input separately. Results show that while all industries exhibit favorable predictive performance, slight differences exist. Specifically, the primary industry emerges as the most influential predictor of population movement, followed by secondary industries, whereas certain tertiary industries exert comparatively minimal effects. We also examine the influence of proximity thresholds for graph-generating on model performance. Theoretical explanations concerning face-to-face interactions for the diffusion of tacit knowledge are discussed, and policy implications are provided to enrich the current understanding of population movement.

Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal mixed sludge and mango peel biowaste: Performance and stability analysis for different ratios

In an urban context, municipal mixed sludge (MMS) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) are becoming the major organic solid wastes in human society. Thus, anaerobic digestion as a low carbon energy strategy to minimize their environmental polluting risk was studied. To overcome the drawbacks of anaerobic digestion of MMS, an alternative approach is proposed, involving the addition of increasing proportions of mango peel pulp (MPP) as a co-substrate. Different ratios of MMS:MPP (v:v) were studied: 80:20 (T1), 70:30 (T2), 60:40 (T3). The increase in the organic loading rate was well incorporated by the reactor's biomass activity, and it had no negative effects on the reactor stability and performance operational parameters. Results indicated that the addition of MPP had a beneficial effect on specific methane production, where the highest value was registered in T2 (0.47 L CH4/g VS added), with a 1.8-fold increase in this operational parameter. Moreover, bioenergy recovery within the same trial followed the same profile, representing a two-fold increment.

Coping with Environmental Crisis: Ecological Responsibility and Contemporary Practice in Marx's Happiness View

With the acceleration of the process of globalization and the rapid development of industrialization, human society is facing serious environmental crises, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, land desertification and other problems become increasingly prominent. In this context, the Marxist concept of happiness highlights its importance in dealing with the environmental crisis. Starting from the basic idea of Marx's happiness view, the harmonious development of man and nature is an important condition for realizing human happiness. How Marx regards the relationship between man and nature as the fundamental basis for realizing human happiness and emphasizes the importance of environmental protection and ecological balance. The contemporary practice of Marxist happiness concept in promoting green development, strengthening environmental laws and policies, raising public environmental awareness and strengthening international cooperation.

Bio-based P–N flame retardant with ZIF-67 in-situ growth on flexible polyurethane foam with excellent fire safety performance

The wide application of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) poses a giant challenge to human society in terms of fire prevention and environmental pollution. To solve this problem, the lignocellulose-based P–N flame retardant (LFPN) has been developed using mechanochemical methods. It was found that FPUF treated using LFPN exhibited good flame retardancy, but suffered from high smoke generation and toxicity. The hollow dodecahedral ZIF-67 has been used for smoke suppression catalysis, but the agglomeration phenomenon makes it inefficient. Hence, in this study, the adhesive properties of polydopamine (PDA) were utilized to assist the in-situ growth of ZIF-67. The results showed that the total smoke release rate of the treated FPUF was reduced by 40.5%. The toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide, etc., also showed the same decreasing trend. What's more, the catalytic effect of ZIF-67 itself and the synergistic effect with LFPN gave FPUF great flame retardant and smoke inhibition properties. This novel FPUF provides a new reference for achieving smoke suppression and toxicity reduction.

Toward Eternal Peace in the Universe

This study is concerned with the origin of war and way to eternal peace in the world. The origin of war is our fighting instinct accompanying with any weapon including iron bar and/or gun, and as long as it exists, in principle it is impossible for human society to avoid the war. In other words, since war is caused by fighting instinct that exists in the hearts of human beings, the first step to root out the war among us is to abandon all weapons at all. It is inferred that this is the start for eternal peace in our society and world, All of us are children of the God, there is no reason to fight each other with weapons. Let’s regain the Paradise on the Earth by establishing the Upper House in United Nations consisting of religious and/or saint leaders. To achieve eternal peace in the world, it is essential to harmonize discrepancies regardless of size among religions and to make disarmament until no weapons. Finally, but not least, proposed is quasi-war, in which people having strong fighting instinct play certain sports game between two conflicting countries instead of war using bloodshed weapons. It may be possible for us to solve the problem by fighting the sports games such as soccer, rugby and so on, under the strict rules. In this way, anyone could control fighting instinct adequately but peacefully. Accordingly, all of us can contribute to build up the Paradise where we live in luxury and in harmony.

Genes involved in the limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory airways of hamsters may be associated with adaptive evolution.

Novel respiratory viruses can cause a pandemic and then evolve to coexist with humans. The Omicron strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are now established in human society. Compared to previous strains, Omicron is markedly less invasive in the lungs and causes less severe disease. One reason for this is that humans are acquiring immunity through previous infection and vaccination, but the nature of the virus itself is also changing. Using our newly established low-volume inoculation system, which reflects natural human infection, we show that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain. Furthermore, by characterizing chimeric viruses with the Omicron gene in the Wuhan strain genetic background and vice versa, we found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a, but not the S gene, were responsible for the limited spread of the Omicron strain in the lower airways of the virus-infected hamsters. Moreover, molecular evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (M and E genes). Our findings provide insight into the adaptive evolution of the virus in humans during the pandemic convergence phase.IMPORTANCEThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are established in human society. Compared to previous strains, the Omicron strain is less invasive in the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, and causes less severe disease; however, the mechanistic basis for its restricted replication in the lower airways is poorly understood. In this study, using a newly established low-volume inoculation system that reflects natural human infection, we demonstrated that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain and found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a are responsible for replication restriction in the lower respiratory tract of Omicron-infected hamsters. Furthermore, we detected a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (especially the M and E genes) in SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these genes may undergo adaptive changes in humans.

Systematic Review and Prospects on Social Risks of Artificial Intelligence— Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace Knowledge Graph

As artificial intelligence becomes more and more embedded in human society, it also creates social risks. With the help of CiteSpace software, 200 documents related to social risks of artificial intelligence searched from SSCI and SCI journals from 2000 to 2024 were sorted out to sort out the research progress and hot spots. Research shows that there are currently some highly influential scholars and institutions in the field of artificial intelligence social risks, and the number of relevant studies is increasing year by year. Risk resolution and sustainable development issues of artificial intelligence have become important research directions for the continuous development of artificial intelligence.

More trees and fewer roads: the importance of local and landscape features for insectivorous bats in open urban green spaces

Context Urbanisation poses new challenges for wildlife worldwide, and recent research suggests that urban parks, although highly modified, may act as important refuges. Insectivorous bats can persist in urban landscapes and play an important role in keeping insect populations in balance. Previous research on use of urban landscapes by these bats has often focused on patches of remnant bushland within cities, but their use of highly modified open spaces is not well understood. Aims We aimed to determine the use of open green spaces (e.g. open parks, sports ovals) by insectivorous bats in Melbourne, Australia and to identify landscape factors that influence their presence and activity level. Methods We conducted passive acoustic surveys at 35 sites across greater Melbourne. Once species were identified from the echolocation call data, we modelled species richness, total activity and activity of individual species against landscape and weather variables, using Generalised Linear Mixed Models and Generalised Additive Mixed Models. Key results Across 557 detector nights, we identified at least 11 of the 17 species recorded to occur in Melbourne. Both species richness and activity were greater in areas with more nearby trees and lesser in areas with more roads. There were weaker species-specific relationships between bat activity and both distance to the nearest water source and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. Species richness and activity levels were lower on nights with a lower temperature at dusk, higher rainfall and stronger wind. Conclusions Our results show that multiple bat species consistently use Melbourne’s open green spaces, highlighting the potential habitat value of these areas, especially those surrounded by high tree densities and fewer roads. Implications Insectivorous bats play important roles within ecosystems and bring benefits to human society. To encourage the diversity and activity of insectivorous bats in urban landscapes, we recommend retaining and increasing indigenous vegetation surrounding open areas in urban parks, as well as more strategic planning of new urban parks that further increases tree density in cities.