The article is devoted to the philosophic and culturological analysis of the artistic culture of ancient Mesoamerica that gives the basis for the reconstruction of spiritual and aesthetic messages as well as artistic and figurative significance and in general the unique mythological worldview of ancient Mesoamericans. The priority is given to the special meaning of the Olmec civilization which founded spiritual, aesthetic, artistic and stylistic basics of Mesoamericans’ cultural and spiritual life further evolution. The conception of reincarnation based on the spiritual boundaries with the genus ancestors has become the main idea of this evolution. Implementation of this conception was observed in the art of all the following civilizations of the region. The exploration of the genuine Olmec, Teotihuacan and Maya ethnical and art cultures gave the possibility to generalize three types of architectural constructions such as stepped pyramids, palaces, playgrounds for cult ball games which are characteristic for Mesoamerican art. Rich iconography of religious, mythological, spiritual, aesthetic and soon social and historical meaning is common for these architectural forms and gave them artistic identity and content-informational significance.Focus on those times’ knowledge of geography and astronomy was another characteristic feature of Mesoamerican culture. All the settlements were built in distinct orientation to the parts of the world or to the certain celestial bodies and constellations. In this way the symbolic horizontal axis of being was formed. The vertical axis was symbolized by the pyramids, which acted as a kind of "guide" of souls from the underworld to the earthly world, and later to the heaven. A ball-playing area, which could also be a special ritual field for sacrifices was the place where earthly life ended, and the soul passed from the dead body to the heavenly world.Thus, the world-aesthetic principles of modern Mesoamericans’ artistic culture harmoniously combine two levels of universalism: human such as dualism and conflicts of contradictions, cyclicity and recurrence, rhythmicity, order and harmony, interdependence of everything that exists, and local ethnocultural spiritual and cultural universals such as reincarnation of the soul, constant spiritual and soul connection with ancestors, synchronicity, the possibility of simultaneous presence of the soul in three different worlds-dimensions, human sacrifices, affirmation of the sublime, heroic through the ugly and mean. This unique symbiosis of ideas, knowledge and values found its powerful expression in the highly artistic art of ancient Mesoamerica, determining its identity and originality.