Human Rights Of Children Research Articles

Motivations and perspectives on the use of corporal punishment at home: A qualitative study of Ghanaian parents

BackgroundThe Convention on the Rights of the Child acknowledges the fundamental rights of children. Despite the adverse effects of corporal punishment, it continues to be prevalent, especially among sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana. ObjectiveThis study explored whether parents ever used corporal punishment on their children at home and their motivations for doing so. It also explored whether parents perceive corporal punishment as a violation of children's rights and their views on continuing or discontinuing corporal punishment at home. Participants and settingThis study involved (100) parents across the ten regions of Ghana. MethodsA semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct interviews with parents. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data using the aid of QSR NVivo version 10. ResultsAll parents reported that they had ever punished their children. Three sub-themes emerged under the motivation of parents to punish their children. These include (a) building a sense of discipline in the child to prevent future misbehaviour, (b) releasing frustrations on children, and (c) toughening up the child to confront life challenges. Also, parents had mixed opinions on whether corporal punishment violates children's human rights and whether corporal punishment should be practiced at home. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that parents perceived corporal punishment as beneficial for their children's development. There is a need for community mobilisation programmes to change parents' and society's attitudes, norms, and beliefs regarding corporal punishment.

Tinjauan Yuridis Normatif Perlindungan Anak dalam Perspektif Konsep Hadhanah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014

This study aims to explain the concept of Islamic law through the concept of hadhanah in the effort to protect Indonesian children. In Law No. 35 of 2014, which has been ratified by the government, it is emphasized that the protection of Indonesian children from all forms of discrimination and violence is a priority. Since the majority of people in Indonesia are Muslim, Islamic values and standards certainly influence the upbringing and education of children. Child neglect is one form of maltreatment and violence experienced by children and constitutes a violation of children's human rights, whether intentional or unintentional. A normative juridical research method, which is based on library research, is used as the research methodology. Based on the research findings, Islamic law itself teaches how to protect children, and the government, society, and parents have a very important role in establishing policies that benefit children and uphold human rights. The results of this study indicate that Law No. 35 of 2014 has fulfilled the concept of hadhanah in Islamic jurisprudence and has involved all parties in protecting children. This law also explains child protection in the fields of religion, health, education, and social matters.

The Moderating Effect of Human Rights Education: Examining the Relationship Between Parental Abuse, Child Self-Esteem, and Human Rights Attitude.

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of child self-esteem in the relationship between parental abuse and children's human rights attitude, while exploring the moderating effect of children's participation in human rights education on these associations. Using data from 2020 Children and Youth Human Rights Survey (N = 5,673 students, 50% female, mean age = 15.53), we conducted structural equation modeling to assess the conceptual model's validity. Parental abuse showed a negative relationship with human rights attitude. For children not participating in human rights education, self-esteem acted as a partial mediator, while for participating children, self-esteem served as a full mediator. Paradoxically, human rights education may be linked to lower self-esteem in certain groups of children. The magnitude of the negative association between parental abuse and self-esteem was stronger for those who participated in human rights education compared to those who did not. This implies that the psychological well-being maintained through dysfunctional protective systems may momentarily crumble when faced with contradictory information. These compelling findings furnish valuable perspectives on the significance of equipping children with knowledge and principles related to human rights, a crucial aspect in molding their outlooks, coping mechanisms, and fortitude when confronted with challenging situations. Based on these results, the importance of human rights education and the need for careful composition of human rights education content for abused children were discussed.

Healthy Environment As A Human Right: Law Enforcement To Overcome Stunting In Children

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has an impact on children’s health and the country’s economy. The government has tried to reduce stunting as a mandate of the constitution, but Indonesia is still among the third countries with the highest prevalence of stunting in the world. This study aims to analyze the views of human rights for children with stunting and formulate efforts to uphold human rights against the problem of stunting. The type of research used is normative legal research. The legal materials collected was analyzed qualitatively by explaining the existing theories logically, systematically to get significant and scientific results. The results of the study showed that the high prevalence of stunting as evidence of government failure in law enforcement against the problem of malnutrition. Ignoring children’srightsis a form of human rights violations committed by the state. Another factor that has an influence on stunting is the environment, where if the environment where the child lives does not implement healthy living behavior, then automatically the child's health condition will be disturbed, including nutritional problems and stunting. Need to regulate the law related to stunting as a manifestation of state responsibility in upholding children’s rights. Prevention and handling of stunting is carried out holistically in various sectors with commitment and synergy between the central/regional government, parents, family and community.

Tools in Child Rights Research - Indian Perspective

Child rights Research in Indian Perspective is gaining more attention in the recent times. The Concept of Child Rights Research is applied more as an approach of methodology to ensure the basic human rights of children. In this paper an attempt is made to summarize the tools in Child rights Research with an objective of understanding the research gaps. In this paper, the approaches to child rights research in Indian perspective is critically reconsidered thereby insisting the need for Interdisciplinary approach to Chidl rights Research in India. Firstly, this paper reviews the gaps and tools applied in Child Rights Research and secondly, it outlines the importance of interdisciplinary approach in building knowledge on child rights to the stakeholders. Highly cited articles based on child rights research in India, Case studies and Case Reports published in the newspapers are reviewed to draw the conclusions .The present study is carried out with the following objectives.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak-Anak di Bawah Umur dalam Lingkungan Keluarga

Children are the next generation of the nation and will inherit the cultures and customs that are in their environment, especially the family environment. Child Protection is an effort to protect children's human rights so that they can continue to grow and develop into the hope and successor of the nation and state. The family is formed on a sense of security, comfort and affection, unfortunately there are some children who get insecurity and coercion within the scope of their family. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach, namely by conducting research based on legal materials or references by examining the theories and concepts of these legal materials relating to the legal principles of legislation related to this writing or research. This research aims to examine in depth the legal protection for victims of sexual violence against minors in the family environment, as well as identify problems and obstacles in the application of the Law in order to strengthen legal protection for victims. The results showed that the existing law is still weak with the lack of human resources equipped with special training in handling cases like this.

DIVERSION AS THE CASE RESOLUTION FOR CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW WITHIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY

Children have an important role in life, so children's problems are initially personal problems, namely the relationship between parents and their children. Children in conflict with the law are children who are in conflict with the law, children who are victims of criminal acts, and children who are witnesses to criminal acts. ABH must be viewed comprehensively, both sociologically, psychologically and formally juridically. If done carefully, we will achieve comprehensive protection of children's rights and human rights. The method used in this research is normative research with a statutory and psychological approach in analyzing the data. The existence of a child rights convention which contains international regulations which have been adapted into national law in the form of a law is often frightening when viewed from the perspective of "protecting behind the law". Diversion is mandatory at every level in Article 7 that at the level of investigation, prosecution and examination of children's cases in district courts, diversion must be attempted.

Correlation Analysis of the Terrorist Attacks and Social Attributes in The Gulf States

Terrorist attacks are a significant threat to global security as they can cause a large number of deaths, economic losses, and trigger public panic. This paper focuses on the Gulf states as the survey region. This study comprehensively investigates the correlation between national-scale terrorist attacks and various potential factors in the social, political, economic, and military fields, based on the Spearman rank coefficient and gray correlation analysis. The potential factors are divided into two categories: those with a positive correlation and those with a negative correlation to terrorist attacks. The study shows a strong correlation between the adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) and the occurrence of terrorist attacks. This correlation has not been previously noted in relevant studies, indicating a need for greater attention to be paid to the impact of terrorist attacks on the human rights of children and adolescents.

Menelaah Konsep Li’an Suami Sebagai Cara Mencegah Sanksi Menuduh Zina dari Kaca Mata Medis dan HAM Dalam Konteks Kekinian

Background. Li’an is used as an alternative to free a husband from qozhaf sanctions (accusing him of adultery), with the condition that the husband cannot present 4 bayyinah (witnesses) as witnesses to his wife's unfaithful actions. One of the legal consequences of li'an is that it confirms the lineage of a child with its father. Aim. Analyzing the husband's Li’an as a way to prevent sanctions for accusing him of adultery from a medical and human rights perspective Methods. This library research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. Literature comes from authoritative data, such as classical jurisprudence books, tafsir, articles and books. The data was analyzed qualitatively and presented in descriptive form. Results. DNA test results can be used as evidence of Qorinah (signs), in the category of evidence in the form of allegations. It’s can clarify the child's lineage status, whether it is a child from the mother's husband or from another man, and can also clarify the punishment that will be received by a husband who accuses his wife of infidelity, whether he will be subject to had qozhaf or not. The concept of li’an from a human rights perspective is appropriate, because in li’an there are human rights that must be fought for, namely children's human rights. The state is expected to pay attention to the human rights of li’an children, through regulations that regulate scientific evidence through DNA testing to clarify the status and rights of children.

The Role of Social Services in Realising Children’s Rights in and through Education

Section 28(1)(c) of the South African Constitution (1996) unequivocally affirms that children are the only vulnerable group with an explicit right to social services. Nonetheless, the practical realisation of this right remains elusive for many children, leaving them without access to vital social services. Through the theoretical framework of transformative constitutionalism, this article posits that the evolving field of social services provision within school settings presents a promising avenue to champion children’s right to social services and a range of other children’s rights, and facilitate and promote their access to basic education. Utilising a qualitative research approach with an exploratory case study design, this study investigates whether providing social services through a programme in Botshabelo schools in the Free State effectively promotes the realisation of children’s rights. The results show that social services in schools can contribute to realising various children’s rights. It is recommended that there should be a symbiotic partnership between the Departments of Social Development and Basic Education with the latter endorsing and expanding the provision of social services within schools. This integration is recommended on the basis that it not only advances crucial human rights for children, such as child protection, social security, and a safe environment, but also shows promise in enhancing the academic performance of learners grappling with challenging circumstances.

War inflicts severe violations on the fundamental human rights of children

This article addresses the critical issue of violence against children, defined as a violation of their rights across interpersonal, community, societal, and global settings, encompassing both physical and psychological actions targeting them or their parents. Globally, WHO estimates that an unacceptably large number of children aged 2–17 years, experience physical, sexual, or emotional violence or neglect yearly. War stands out as a major contributor to the infringement of children's fundamental human rights. Those in conflict zones undergo traumatic experiences, including the loss of family members, disruptions to social networks, displacement, and the denial of basic needs. The severe deprivation of essential resources and opportunities, coupled with the stress of warfare, poses a grave threat to the emotional and cognitive development of children, increasing the risk of physical and mental illnesses, disabilities, social problems, and intergenerational consequences. The article aims to draw attention to this issue and advocates for the development of appropriate academic and post-academic educational courses and training programs. This will better equip pediatricians and healthcare professionals to effectively combat violence against children in any context.

KETERLIBATAN ANAK DALAM TINDAK PIDANA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA

Children are the next generation of the nation so they need maximum coaching, guidance and protection so that the child will not commit an act that violates the law. The involvement of children, who in this case are perpetrators of a criminal Children are the next generation of the nation so they need maximum coaching, guidance and protection so that the child will not commit an act that violates the law. The involvement of children, who in this case are perpetrators of a criminal act, must be given the rights and protection of children as vulnerable legal subjects as regulated in the applicable laws and regulations. Through a normative legal approach, this research analyzes legal regulations that regulate the rights and protection of children involved in criminal contexts. The aims of this research are firstly to find out the meaning of children in Indonesian laws and regulations, secondly to find the concept of children's criminal law legislation in Indonesia which regulates children's involvement in criminal acts according to a normative approach, and thirdly to find out the procedures for handling cases of involvement. children in juvenile crimes from the perspective of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia through the principles of child human rights and the principles of the best interests of the child. The results of this research are that the handling of cases of child involvement in juvenile crimes from the perspective of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia is by placing more emphasis on the principles of children's human rights and the best principles for the interests of children because although there has been progress, challenges remain, and improvements Continuous harmonization of policies, consistent implementation, and strengthening the rehabilitation system can optimize the protection and development of children involved in the context of juvenile criminal justice.
 Keywords: Child Involvement, Child Crime, Child Criminal Law

Young children's right to be heard on the quality of their education: Addressing potential misunderstandings in the context of early childhood education

AbstractIn early childhood education many researchers and professionals across the world have embraced the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child's requirement to include young children in decision‐making. In the context of ongoing discussion about young children's capacity to share their views and opinions about matters affecting them, there is often a focus on demonstrating ‘evidence’ that young children can participate in decision‐making as capable meaning‐makers in their own lives, defying traditional paternalistic approaches and assumptions. While acknowledging the important work that has been undertaken to support children's participatory rights, this article seeks to raise questions about whether understanding the right of young children to be heard, particularly in relation to the quality of their education, may have been subject to a form of ‘rights inflation’ that has extended the scope of the application of the right beyond the parameters of the legal framework and/or promoted an interpretation which exceeds what the text of the Convention can bear. In this article, we explore three possible misrepresentations relating to young children's participation in decision‐making related to the quality of education: (1) that all children can, should and want to have opportunities to share views on all matters affecting them; (2) that young children should always be allowed to learn and play freely; and (3) that children are the experts in their worlds. We do this to open up a conversation about the limits and partiality of young children's participation when viewed through the lens of children's human rights, highlighting, inter alia, the ongoing need to underscore the role of parents/guardians and professionals in enabling young children to enjoy all of their human rights, including the right to a quality education, fully.

Legal Protection of Children's Human Rights as Students in Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The legal protection of children's human rights in the education sector in Indonesia must be the government's main concern. The law provides for the rights children must receive, including the right to education. This is because during the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have found it difficult to provide educational legal protections to children. This article uses normative legal research to examine the legal protection of children's right to education during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of states in realizing children's right to education.

Reflecting on 100 years of children's rights.

2024 is the 100th Anniversary of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Endorsed by the League of Nations in 1924 following World War I, the Geneva Declaration is the first international legal instrument recognizing the inherent rights of children worldwide-indeed, it is the first human rights document ever recognized by an intergovernmental organization, thus giving rise to the international human rights era that transformed policy, law, and ethics in the 20th century. As we approach the 100th anniversary of the Geneva Declaration, we have the opportunity to reflect on the progress we have made in the first century of intentional work recognizing and advancing the human rights of children internationally. This commentary looks at the international children's rights legal framework that was developed by the global community from 1924 to the present. It then highlights advancements and shortcomings in key thematic areas, such as child health and well-being, poverty, child labor, and education. It closes by focusing on the path and priorities before us as we enter our second century of advancing international children's rights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Legal Consequences for Children Who Commit Criminal Acts of Terrorism Based on Law Number 5 of 2018 Concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism

Terrorism is an extraordinary crime (Extra Ordinary Crime), the international world created the concept of constitution through international conventions, namely the "Universal Declaration Of Human Rights" as a foundation of human rights, specifically the United Nations passed the "Convention On The Right Of The Child" to protect children and uphold children's human rights throughout the world. Terrorism eradication efforts of the government and the private sector are expected to focus on increasing integrated cooperation at all levels of society and creating the right legal concept for perpetrators of terrorism and legal certainty for children involved in criminal acts of terrorism. In this study using the Empirical Juridical research method is done by conducting legal research on the application of normative law directly on certain legal events that occur in society supported by data and facts. Descriptive Analysis, because the data collected in the form of words and images and not numbers that can provide a description of the subject of the research conducted, the data collected becomes a node of what has been researched. It can be concluded that the consequences of acts of terrorism result in losses in the form of loss of life, material, economic instability in the field of investment in the form of reduced foreign investors investing with security considerations and fear of loss.

Confronting Gender-Based Violence: The State's Accountability In Safeguarding Women And Children's Human Rights

This research aims to analyse the conditions and obstacles faced by both groups in the context of human rights violations, as well as provide practical suggestions to improve their protection. The research method used is normative legal methodology, which involves the examination and analysis of legal standards in the literature. A conceptual approach was taken through an exploration of ideologies and teachings that generate legal terminology. Primary and secondary legal materials were collected through inventory, classification, and systematics, with a deduction method for analysis. The results emphasise the need for a comprehensive strategy that considers legal, social, cultural and psychological aspects. The research also suggests the need for cooperation between the government, civil society and relevant institutions to create an environment conducive to the protection of women's and children's rights. The implication of this research is the need for a comprehensive approach in legal policy formulation, which not only focuses on legal aspects but also considers social, cultural, and psychological factors. The research emphasises the importance of increasing public awareness and understanding of human rights, as well as the need to strengthen legal and policy institutions. There is a need to improve the competence of law enforcement and the judiciary, as well as to involve various stakeholders in formulating policies that are more in line with gender issues and the needs of children.

The right to respect for private and family life of children born through international surrogacy in the case law of the European court of human rights

AbstractThe ECHR is a general human rights convention, but it contains some provisions that have gained particular importance in the case law of the ECtHR regarding the human rights of children. Such a provision is, among others, Article 8 on the right to respect for private and family life, the interpretation of which has raised many questions in cases related to children born through international surrogacy. These questions have arisen in relation to the intended parents' standing to bring an application before the Court on behalf of the child, the criteria for ascertaining the interference of the respondent state with the child's right to respect for his private and family life, as well as the specific content of the requirements that must be met for the interference to be justified. By analysing these questions and the answers the Court gave to them, this article attempts to give an overview of the state's obligations to ensure the right of a child born through international surrogacy to respect for his private and family life in connection with the recognition of the parent-child relationship between the intended parents and the child.

The Effect of Exercise on School Life Satisfaction in Korean Children and Adolescents Considering the Mediation Effects of Physical Health Awareness, Self-Esteem, and Depression.

This study analyzed physical health awareness, self-esteem, and depression as mediation factors in the effect of exercise on school life satisfaction. It compared these between Korean children and adolescents. Based on the 2020 Survey on the Human Rights of Children and Adolescents in Korea, data were extracted on 2,896 children in grades 4 to 6 and 5,727 adolescents in grades 7 to 12. A structural equation model was designed and multi-mediation analysis was conducted using phantom variables. To verify the differences between children and adolescents, latent means, path coefficients, and mediating effect confidence intervals were analyzed. Structural modeling and bootstrapping revealed that the direct and indirect paths were significant in both groups (P<0.01). Comparing the mean differences, children showed higher means than adolescents did in all variables. Among the direct paths, the paths of physical health awareness from exercise practice and school life satisfaction from physical health awareness were higher in adolescents (P<0.01), and the path of school life satisfaction from exercise practice was higher in children (P<0.01). The indirect paths showed that the mediating effect of health awareness between exercise and school life satisfaction was stronger among adolescents. Physical and mental health directly and indirectly affect school life satisfaction, with different patterns in children and adolescents. This study emphasizes the need for different strategies for children and adolescents who are experiencing physical and mental health problems and difficulties adjusting to school life.

Current Study Concerning Parental Authority to Educate Children Reviewed Against the Provisions of the Child Protection Law in the Modern Era

This research examines the current authority of parents in educating children, with a focus on the provisions of the Child Protection Law in the modern era. The research method was carried out through text analysis and literature studies related to legal provisions relating to the role of parents in educating children. At the discussion stage, the research identified the dynamics of parental authority involving aspects of children's freedom, human rights, and socio-cultural changes in the modern era. This study examines the concepts of appropriateness and relevance of the provisions of the Child Protection Law in accommodating the needs and rights of children to receive a balanced and quality education. Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Child Protection Law (No. 35 of 2014) states that children have the right to protection, care, and self-development so that they can live, grow, and develop optimally. The research results show that a deep understanding of these articles is crucial for maintaining a balance between children's rights and parental authority in the dynamic modern era. This research contributes to legal and educational literature, by presenting the latest views regarding the role of parents in educating children amidst the changing dynamics of modern society. Practical implications include recommendations for improving understanding and implementation of legal provisions, as well as educational approaches that support children's participation in their educational process.