Human Rights Of Children Research Articles

State and sex-specific trends in the annual incidence of child marriage in the United States since the year 2000

ObjectivesChild marriage, defined as marriage before 18 years of age, is a violation of human rights with harmful consequences for population health, educational attainment, and economic opportunities. Child marriage is legal across most of the United States but how often it happens is challenging to estimate. We measured state and sex-specific trends in the annual incidence of child marriage in 41 states and the District of Columbia. MethodsWe collected data from marriage certificates filed between 2000 and 2019. These certificates allowed us to identify marriages that occurred within each state and involved a spouse under the age of 18. We divided the number of 15–17-year-olds married in each year by the number of children in that age range living in the state in that year and graphed these annual rates to present trends over time. ResultsThe rate of child marriage declined substantially across the United States between 2000 and 2019. Over 75 % of all married children in each state were girls. Girls married men who were an average of 4 years older than they were, and the age gap was substantially larger when girls married than when boys married. ConclusionsChild marriage continues across most of the United States and reflects gender inequities in American society. The continued legality of marriage before the age of 18 is at odds with the country's commitment to eliminate child marriage by the year 2030 and violates the human rights of children, primarily girls, across the country.

“Stay in Your Own Lane” the Inherent Flaws Undermining Children’s Rights Within Australia’s Family Law System: A Perspective from the Field

The social scientists and legal professionals who work in family law in Australia should be recognised for working tirelessly in a complex, overworked, and archaic system. A system that underserves their capacity to maintain integrity, expertise, and ethical diligence in the professions they are assigned. In this perspective piece, we acknowledge the innovative work being done within this system to strive to meet the best interests of the children they serve, whilst highlighting the fundamental flaws of an adversarial system that breeds acculturation across disciplines and disables the practitioners who operate within these systems from legitimately performing their duties and championing the human rights of children.

The Legal Theory and Social Problems Behind "Women's Reproductive Freedom Right": From the Perspective of Comparative Law

With the aging of population and the continuous decline of fertility rate, social problems are becoming more and more serious. In order to stop the continuous decline of the fertility rate, many countries have implemented the policy of increasing the fertility rate. Based on the method of comparative research, this study has studied the partial birth policies of many countries, and the research theme is divided into two parts. The legal theory behind "Women's reproductive freedom". On the one hand, in order to promote women's human rights, some fertility decisions violate women's human rights. On the other hand, unwanted births affect children's human rights. And the social issues behind "women's right to reproductive freedom". Studies have shown that despite the increasing number of decisions made to increase fertility rates, fertility rates are still falling, and the negative impact of some related decisions on society cannot be ignored. The decision of some countries to increase birth rates is a serious violation of human rights. At the same time, this study found that such a decision goes against the original intention of the state, not only damages the protection of human rights, but also causes jurisprudence problems and social problems.

PENGARUH ADVOKASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA TERHADAP SIKAP PEDULI SOSIAL DAN KERJA SAMA ANAK DI DESA JEMUNDO

Human rights of children need special attention, because various acts of violence against children are still found. When the child’s rigts have been fulfilled, then a child is obliged to become a citizen who has a good personality. This study aims to find out the effect of human rights advocacy on social care attitudes and child cooperation in Jemundo Village. Research using descriptive quantitative method. The research design uses quasi-experimental, experimental class (children participating in advocacy) and control class (children who did not participate in advocacy). The variables of this study are the independent variable advocacy for child human rights (X), the dependent variable social care attitude ( ) and cooperative attitude ( ). The research population is 300 children in Jemundo Village. Sampling using purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 30 experimental class and 30 control class of children 12-18 years old. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire instrument to determine differences in attitudes. Interviews and observations to gather data about advocacy processes, social care and cooperation. The subjects: children, parents, activists, and children's forums. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and the MANOVA test. The results showed: The significance value of the dependent variable is 0.00 < 0.05. Then the hypothesis Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is an influence of human right advocacy on social care attitudes and child cooperation in Jemundo Village.

Sosilaisasi Pencegahan Bullying di Sekolah Melalui Program “Sosialisasi Bahaya Bullying Bagi Mental Siswa”

The younger generation is the foundation and capital of the nation's development. For this reason, parents, educators and the government are expected to seriously provide the best education for them. The reality is that all citizens, local governments, families and parents are obliged and responsible for providing protection and guaranteeing the fulfillment of children's human rights in accordance with their duties and responsibilities. Legal rules regarding bullying against children have been regulated by the State in the form of laws, meanwhile, a clear understanding of bullying is not yet owned by some adolescents both within the school environment and outside the school environment. Even though acts of bullying can harm other people and can even cause the loss of the future of a child who is a victim of this act. For this reason, the Serang Raya University Service Team is interested in carrying out community service activities for students of SMP Negri 2 Cikeusal Serang which in this case is given in the form of "Socialization of the Dangers of Bullying for Mental Students". using several methods including delivering material directly or lectures, sharing, discussions, questions and answers, and dialogue. The results obtained from the Socialization of the Dangers of Bullying for students' mentality are: the results of this dedication show that students' knowledge about stopping bullying increases, increase knowledge and understanding of legal regulations related to bullying, the impact of bullying.

Review of "Violent Exceptions: Children's Human Rights and Humanitarian Rhetorics by Wendy S. Hesford," Hesford, W. S. (2021). Violent Exceptions: Children's Human Rights and Humanitarian Rhetorics. The Ohio State University Press.

Will someone please think of the children? W.C. Fields has been notoriously associated with the warning "never to work with children and animals." And he was right! Both varieties of co-performers are guaranteed to steal the show from any adult in the general vicinity. It is generally accepted that commercials with a cute puppy and a Sarah Mclachlan soundtrack, or a baby amid famine and natural disaster is much more likely tug at heartstrings and garner cash donations than a city planner with a spreadsheet and a clip board. Consequently, the "adorable baby" cliché can be found everywhere from sitcoms to advertisements for products as diverse as healthcare, luxury brand cars, and banking securities services.

Enforcement of Human Rights for Comparative Child Protection Positive Law and Islamic Law

This journal aims to find out and understand how Islamic law views child protection. The type of research conducted by the authors is descriptive analytical juridical research. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded how the protection of human rights for children in the perspective of positive law, in Indonesia has been stipulated Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights which includes children's rights, the implementation of obligations and responsibilities of parents, families, communities, government and the state to provide child protection as a juridical basis for the implementation and responsibilities. Legal protection is all efforts made consciously by everyone as well as government and private institutions that aim to seek security, control and fulfillment of welfare in accordance with existing human rights as stipulated in RI Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. However, the protection of children from all its aspects turns out to require a legal umbrella to create the best life for children who are expected to be the nation's successors who have the potential, are tough, have nationalism imbued with morality and a strong will to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation and state. The legal umbrella in question is RI Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Article 64 paragraph (2) of the Child Protection Act basically contains all the government's efforts to protect children who are victims of criminal acts. Views of Islamic Law on Child Protection, in Islamic law acts of violence against children are strictly prohibited, because this is a violation of children's rights, because it is not in accordance with human values and religious teachings. In Islamic law, the rights of a child are protected from the time they are born in the womb until they are 18 years old or until they are married. As explained in Q.S Al-Isra (17) verse (70) which means: "And indeed we have glorified the children of Adam, we carried them on land and at sea, we gave sustenance and good things, and we gave them more them with perfect superiority over most of the creatures we have created.

Beyond the Manuscript: A Minimum Age for California's Juvenile Legal System: Lessons on Collaborative Research to Drive Legislative Change and Leveraging Collaborative Partnerships to Protect the Human Rights of Children Involved in the United States' Juvenile Justice System

Beyond the Manuscript: A Minimum Age for California's Juvenile Legal System: Lessons on Collaborative Research to Drive Legislative Change and Leveraging Collaborative Partnerships to Protect the Human Rights of Children Involved in the United States' Juvenile Justice System

Leveraging Collaborative Partnerships to Protect the Human Rights of Children Involved in the United States' Juvenile Justice System

Leveraging Collaborative Partnerships to Protect the Human Rights of Children Involved in the United States' Juvenile Justice System

The Image of a Lesser God: Imago Dei and the Human Rights of Children

ABSTRACT: Since the time of Augustine, and continuing today, it is common for religious believers to say that humans are created in the “image of God.” This imago dei idea was also commonly invoked, beginning in the seventeenth century, by Liberal theorists like Locke and Jefferson, as the foundation for natural or human rights. In this article, I will argue that for centuries, the dominant interpretations of imago dei were used by religious philosophical and political leaders to deny rights to both women and non-white men. More centrally to my thesis, this theological idea is still invoked today to deny human rights to children. However, taking children’s human rights seriously offers both a new foundation for human rights generally, and a different interpretation of what it means for humans to reflect the divine image.

Responding to Child Soldiering: When the Presence of Child Soldiers Attracts Mediation from Democratic Regimes

ABSTRACT Does child soldiering attract mediation from democracies? While research shows an association between human rights and foreign intervention by democracies, democratic responsiveness to children's human rights violations remains understudied. This study argues that democracies are concerned about the well-being of vulnerable populations, including children. We argue that democracies recognize the violations of children's rights in conflicts where rebels recruit child soldiers and are likely to respond by serving as mediators. Our study examines civil conflicts from 1989-2007. Findings show that while conflicts where rebel child soldiering exists are more likely to receive democratic mediation, government child soldiering has no effect.

Social Workers Should Stand against Physical Punishment of Children.

The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is the leading professional organization for social work that established the Code of Ethics and sets the policy agenda for the profession. Guided by the Code of Ethics and the Grand Challenges for Social Work goal to "build healthy relationships to end violence," the NASW Social Work Speaks policy compendium should reassert its statement against the physical punishment of children. This recommendation aligns with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and children's right to protection from violence; the rigorous empirical research base, which demonstrates that physical punishment has detrimental consequences to child well-being; and similar policy statements issued by allied professional organizations. The NASW policies can advocate for ending violence against children by providing guidance on disciplinary practices that are based on principles of nonviolence and that respect children's human rights. Practitioners can support caregivers through interventions that provide alternatives to physical punishment.

The Application of Diversion to Perpetrators of Criminal Acts Committed by Minors Based on Article 1 Number 7 of Law Number 11 of 2012 Concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System

The role of law enforcers is at the forefront of the legal world in Indonesia at this time the number of cases and resolutions of legal problems that are applied by prioritizing a sense of justice not only prioritizing legal certainty, legal protection for children can be done as an effort to protect the law against various freedoms and human rights of children. This protection of children also includes interests related to child welfare. The protection of children in conflict with the law is a shared responsibility of law enforcement officials. One form of restorative justice is dialogue between Indonesian people, better known as musyawarah for consensus. So that diversion, especially through restorative justice, becomes a reference for very important considerations in solving legal cases concerning children as perpetrators of crimes.

Becoming good ancestors: A decolonial, childist approach to global intergenerational sustainability

AbstractThere are two key questions consistently raised by children and youth since the onset of the school strikes for climate in 2018 in the Global North: Why study for a future, which may not be there? Why spend a lot of effort to become educated, when our governments are not listening to the educated? (conf. fridaysforfuture.org, n.d). While the same questions are shared by young climate activists from the Global South, there are other interrelated economic realities that echo the disappointment, anger, disillusionment, desperation, and frustration driving those utterances in their socio‐political contexts. Comparative insights from so‐called ‘developing’ countries disclose that institutionalized schooling, commonly confused with education, manipulates the aspirations of younger generations and their wider societies. Contemporary global schooling is one of the key propellers of global economic agendas geared towards producing human capital that is ‘employable’ in the future job market. The paradox of a global education agenda geared towards generating human capital employable on a job market is that most of those jobs (if at all they will be there) continue serving the very economic system that is threatening the right to life, health, culture (especially for indigenous communities) and the best interests of future generations on this planet. As young climate activists from various countries collectively argue within the framework of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, major economies are failing to protect the basic human rights of children and future generations. I suggest that the various interrelated crises evident through the key questions raised by young climate activists must be considered as part of a North–South continuum. In this paper, I reflect upon these interrelated crises by developing a decolonial childist approach to education—understood as an intergenerational relationship, implying an effort on part of present adults becoming good ancestors of the future, in the present. Such efforts require larger structural shifts which I consider by means of the four strategies I discuss building upon previous co‐reflections.

The human rights of children with disabilities: How can medical professionals better fulfil rather than breach them?

The vulnerability of children with disabilities to human rights abuses, including in health care, is well documented. Medical professionals can too often breach rather than fulfil the rights of children with disabilities, often through misunderstandings about the law, an inevitable consequence of, as identified by the United Nation's Committee for the Rights of the Child, medical professionals too often not receiving systematic and effective training in children's rights. This paper explores some key rights vital to the health and well-being of children with disabilities and shows how the guidance known as General Comments published by the United Nation's Committee on the Rights of the Child can assist medical professionals in ensuring the rights of children with disabilities in their care are fulfilled. It will also outline the human rights model of disability and explain how adopting this model in day-to-day practice, as required by international law, will empower medical professionals to help fulfil the human rights of children with disabilities. Suggestions are also made as to how training in human rights for medical professionals might be facilitated. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The rights of children with disabilities are wide-ranging and come from multiple sources. Education and training of medical professionals in the rights of children with disabilities is often poor and low priority, resulting in rights breaches. Partnership training and gaining familiarity with United Nations General Comments and the Human Rights Model of disability can promote the human rights of children with disabilities.

Factors Working against Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working-Class Women Living around Dagiri Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja

Background: Many human rights issues addressed by various right conventions center on breastfeeding. One of these is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which outlines fundamental human rights for children, such as the right to life, the right to develop to their full potential, and the right to be protected from harmful influences. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the elements affecting working-class women's exclusive breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: The sample size (n = 196) for a descriptive cross-sectional study that ran from September 2022 to December 2022 was determined using a multistage sampling procedure. Tables, percentages, and Chi-square test statistics were employed at the 0.05 level of significance to examine the data using the Statistical Package Service Software (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: 48% of the respondents were within the age of 30 and 39 years. The majority of respondents (98%) identified the following factors as influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among working-class women: job (93.9%), sore nipple (86.2%), insufficient lactation (43.9%), nipple not prominent (15.8%), not allowed by work (93.9%), breast milk alone before 6 months does not satisfy my baby (58.7%), lack of support from husband (67.9%), mother-in-law (76.5%), as well as inadequate maternity leave (67.9%) as the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among working-class women. In addition, this study shows a significant correlation between working-class women's Knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and age (Chi-square = 6.016, df = 3, P = 0.024) and the number of children they had (Chi-square = 5.816, df = 3, P = 0.011). Conclusions: This study therefore suggests, among other things, that the state and federal Ministries of Labor and Employment set up childcare for the infant close to the mothers' places of employment to allow their babies to be brought to the workplace or breastfeeding mothers to go to the childcare facility at the time of breastfeeding.

THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BEST INTERESTS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHILD IN A DECISION TO CANCEL A CHILD'S BIRTH CERTIFICATE

This research aims to provide an understanding of the determination to cancel a child's birth certificate that can potentially violate children's human rights. So that the role of judges as a judicial institution is needed to protect children's rights as it should. Marriage registration is merely an administrative action and does not affect the validity of the marriage. Errors in marriage registration should not necessarily affect the status of the child's position. Because after all, birth certificates are issued by the state to protect and provide legal certainty over the child's status. This research used a typology of research with a prescriptive form and then normative juridical research methods with secondary data derived from laws and regulations relating to child protection. In conclusion, legal action to cancel a child's birth certificate due to legal defects in a marriage can be said to be an action that is contrary to the principle of the best interests of the child, therefore it is fitting that the application for annulment of a child's birth certificate be properly considered by the panel of judges who act as an extension of the state in the judicial field.

Children's Human Rights to ‘Participation’ and ‘Protection’: Rethinking the relationship using Barnahus as a case example

AbstractThe relationship between children's human rights to protection and to what is commonly referred to as ‘participation’ has received significant attention, with many scholars critiquing the purported tension between the two approaches and demonstrating how child participation should be a core feature of child protection. Less attention has been paid to the converse and, we argue, essential precursor of participatory protection practice – the significance of the child's right to be protected from harm as a means to ensuring successful child participation. Drawing on the example of the multidisciplinary Barnahus model, this article explores the multifaceted relationship between participation and protection, suggesting that there needs to be greater acknowledgement of the role of collective child participation in delivering the conditions where individual children who have witnessed or experienced violence feel and are safe to express themselves.

Child health promotion during the COVID-19 pandemic: A health and welfare sector collaboration.

Fragmented service provision and a lack of efficient cooperation between health and welfare sectors serving children and families remain ongoing challenges in South Africa. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic escalated this fragmentation. A community of practice (CoP) was established by the Centre for Social Development in Africa to promote collaboration between the sectors and to assist communities in their environments. To explore and describe collaboration on child health promotion between professional nurses and social workers, who formed part of the CoP during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in five public schools from four of the seven district regions of the City of Johannesburg, Gauteng province. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive research design was employed to conduct psychosocial and health screenings of children and their families. Focus group interviews were conducted, and field notes were used to collect and confirm data from the team. Four themes emerged. Participants shared their positive and negative experiences faced during the fieldwork, their realisation of the value of collaboration between various sectors and their desire and capacity to do more. Participants indicated that collaboration between the health and welfare sectors is vital to support and promote the health of children and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for collaboration between these sectors in the children and their families' ongoing struggles.Contribution: The importance of these sectors being engaged as a team highlighted the multisectoral influence shaping child development outcomes, supporting children's human rights and advancing social and economic justice.

Konsep Hukuman dan Ganjaran dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadits

This research was conducted because it was motivated by the teacher's frustration in applying the reward and punishment method in the educational process between enforcing discipline, increasing achievement and all efforts to achieve educational goals. Between a good cause and the issue of violation of the human rights of children. Conceptually in the Qur'an and Hadith as a guide for asasi in the life of Muslims and the applicable laws and regulations very clearly provide signs for the implementation of the method of reward and punishment in the educational process. A teacher should not hesitate to apply it in the educational process. There is no need to overdo it without being able to control yourself, nor do you need to be afraid to apply it because it is considered a violation of human rights. It is precisely by applying the methods of reward and punishment appropriately, such as eating the right dose of medicine, that it will usher in education achieving its noble goal. Appreciation is given if the student is able to show an achievement that he was previously unable to do so that for him it is of educational value. On the contrary, punishment is given when the student shows an offence that he was previously unaccustomed to commit, so that when given the punishment makes him realize that he has committed a mistake. This research is a literature research with a qualitative approach