Humanities Research Research Articles

Preface: 3rd International Conference on Education, Psychology, Humanities and Historical Research (EPHHR 2024)

Preface: 3rd International Conference on Education, Psychology, Humanities and Historical Research (EPHHR 2024)

«I Know You as a Venerable Scholar and a Great Connoisseur of Oriental Nationalities, a Defender of Their Interests in the Academic Field...». Scholars and Educators G. Rakhim and G. Saadi (Unpublished Letters to Academician V.V. Bartold (1927–1929))

The period from the late 19th to the first third of the 20th century witnessed a revival and advance of national science, culture, and art. It was also marked by a growing sense of national identity and a historical and cultural pursuit by the Tatar intelligentsia. In the 1920s, the formation and development of national humanities research in Kazan were driven by the efforts of dedicated Tatar scholars and educators. Among the most prominent figures were Gali Rakhim (Mukhametgali Mukhametshakirovich Gabdrakhimov) (1892–1943)–a writer, poet, literary historian, and folklorist, Gabdrakhman Saadi (Saadi Gabdrakhman Gainanovich (1889–1956)–a literary critic and orientalist. They were the pioneers of the Tatar Renaissance and contributed substantially to the development of scholarly studies in history, literature, linguistics, and archeography of the Turkic peoples, with a particular focus on the Tatar people. Engaged in solving a variety of problems, they were the encyclopedists who determined modern academic and pedagogical trends in many university and educational centers of Kazan during the 1920s. This article considers their previously unknown epistolary heritage: one letter of G. Rakhim (1927) and two letters of G. Saadi (1928 and 1929) to V.V. Bartold, an outstanding orientalist and academician, from his personal collection stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch. These letters provide clear and strong evidence of the enduring professional and personal contacts between the Tatar scholars and leading Russian orientalists in the late 1920s.

Automation Bias and Complacency in Security Operation Centers

The volume and complexity of alerts that security operation center (SOC) analysts must manage necessitate automation. Increased automation in SOCs amplifies the risk of automation bias and complacency whereby security analysts become over-reliant on automation, failing to seek confirmatory or contradictory information. To identify automation characteristics that assist in the mitigation of automation bias and complacency, we investigated the current and proposed application areas of automation in SOCs and discussed its implications for security analysts. A scoping review of 599 articles from four databases was conducted. The final 48 articles were reviewed by two researchers for quality control and were imported into NVivo14. Thematic analysis was performed, and the use of automation throughout the incident response lifecycle was recognized, predominantly in the detection and response phases. Artificial intelligence and machine learning solutions are increasingly prominent in SOCs, yet support for the human-in-the-loop component is evident. The research culminates by contributing the SOC Automation Implementation Guidelines (SAIG), comprising functional and non-functional requirements for SOC automation tools that, if implemented, permit a mutually beneficial relationship between security analysts and intelligent machines. This is of practical value to human automation researchers and SOCs striving to optimize processes. Theoretically, a continued understanding of automation bias and its components is achieved.

Empowering early career humanities researchers to successfully navigate the scholarly publishing process

This case report illustrates how a scholarly communication librarian partnered with a humanities subject librarian and others to address knowledge gaps that graduate students and early career researchers at a large public research institution have about the scholarly publishing landscape. To address frequently asked questions the organizers identified from their individual experiences working with researchers, they chose a panel format where each speaker responded to a common scenario posed by a moderator. The webinar was recorded and shared internally on various sites as a reference. Feedback indicated the webinar was informative and helpful, and organizers plan to use it as a blueprint for future webinars or videos on specific topics about scholarly publishing.

URBAN PLANNING IN UKRAINE FROM THE 19TH TO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY: INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND STATE MANAGEMENT

The research is dedicated to analyzing the process of urbanization, particularly the formation and development of cities in northeastern Ukraine at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th cen. Special attention is given to the city of Kharkiv and the activities of its mayor, Oleksandr Kostiantynovych Pohorelko (1848–1912). The importance of urban studies as a key direction of humanities research that determines the development of the nation, community, and state is justified. The main tasks faced by the city during that period, such as the municipalization of the economy and the expansion of the city’s rights to private property objects, are highlighted. The role of scientists and researchers, including D.I. Bahalii and M.F. Sumtsov, in promoting the modernization of the city through active participation in municipal authorities is discussed. As a result of the research, significant contributions of O.K. Pohorelko and his colleagues to the development and improvement of Kharkiv at the end of the 19th cen. are identified. The conclusions of the research emphasize the importance of combining scientific potential and civic activism for the implementation of infrastructure development projects in the city.

A strike to the head: Parallels between the pediatric and adult human and the rodent in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition that occurs commonly in children from infancy through adolescence and is a global health concern. Pediatric TBI presents with a bimodal age distribution, with very young children (0-4 years) and adolescents (15-19 years) more commonly injured. Because children's brains are still developing, there is increased vulnerability to the effects of head trauma, which results in entirely different patterns of injury than in adults. Pediatric TBI has a profound and lasting impact on a child's development and quality of life, resulting in long-lasting consequences to physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Chronic issues like learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and emotional disturbances can develop. Early intervention and ongoing support are critical for minimizing these long-term deficits. Many animal models of TBI exist, and each varies significantly, displaying different characteristics of clinical TBI. The neurodevelopment differs in the rodent from the human in timing and effect, so TBI outcomes in the juvenile rodent can thus vary from the human child. The current review compares findings from preclinical TBI work in juvenile and adult rodents to clinical TBI research in pediatric and adult humans. We focus on the four brain regions most affected by TBI: the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Each has its unique developmental projections and thus is impacted by TBI differently. This review aims to compare the healthy neurodevelopment of these four brain regions in humans to the developmental processes in rodents.

Exploring University Students' Perspectives on Animal Experimentation: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Attitudes toward animal experimentation are rapidly evolving with time. This cross-sectional study intends to assess the attitudes of university students at Eastern Mediterranean University toward animal research based on different factors and lifestyle choices. Materials and methods Stratified random sampling was used. A total of 215 participants were chosen from the Faculties of Medicine, Pharmacy, Law, and the Department of Psychology (Faculty of Arts and Sciences). An open-access, self-administered, 14-question questionnaire was used. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for score comparisons. Results The response rate was 213 (99.07%). Eighty-eight (41.31%) of the participants were male. The mean age was 21.72 ± 2.23. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant differences for Q4, Q10, and Q14 (p = 0.012, 0.020, and 0.016, respectively) with respect to gender. Being a pet owner significantly affected the mean scores of Q7 and Q10 (p = 0.046 and p = 0.000, respectively). Conclusion The present study reveals nuanced student attitudes toward animal experimentation, balancing concern for animal welfare with the necessity of research. Gender and pet ownership significantly influence these views. The findings underscore the need for continued education on humane and ethical research practices. Future studies should broaden the demographic scope to better understand and track these attitudes over time.

Perception of competencies for writing scientific articles in social and human sciences researchers

Considering that scientific writing presents complex challenges, we sought to determine the level of perception that social and human science researchers have about their competencies to write scientific articles, through a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 129 researchers of both sexes with various years of research experience participated. They self-assessed their writing using the Scale for Evaluating Scientific Articles in Social and Human Sciences by López-López, Tobón and Hernández-Juárez (2019), and an overall result of high level in writing competence was obtained, with a significant effect size; scoring highest in the Results and Reference List sections; while the lowest were in Style and Format and Appendices. When comparing writing competence with the variables gender, research experience or the number of books and articles published, no significant differences were found, despite the fact that in this study males presented a greater number of publications. However, the Methodology section, evaluated with the scale, research experience, as well as belonging to the male gender, were the predictor variables for the publication of articles. Finally, it is recommended that more support be given to female researchers and that more methodological training be provided to new researchers in the interest of promoting educational equity.

Oral History of the "Temple of Science": A Collection of Interviews and Reminiscences of the Staff of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences

This article analyses You are going to the temple of science… (Moscow, 2021), a collection of interviews and memoirs by employees of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The collection was compiled by V. N. Kruglov, V. V. Tikhonov, and Yu. S. Filina. The author considers the heuristic potential of these texts and the peculiarities of their use in historiographical studies. The interviews are important for the historian of science for two reasons: they provide them with important details of the everyday academic life of the institution (the so-called “historiographical life”), which are difficult or impossible to obtain from other types of documents, and they help to clarify the details found in the office records. The interviews and memoirs of historians in this collection allow the historiographer to get acquainted with the process of a young Soviet historian’s entry into a scholarly corporation, to characterise the peculiarities of relations between members of the latter, to show the nature of production processes in Soviet humanities research institutes, to report on the peculiarities of the management of scientific institutes, etc. It is pointed out that the information in these texts should be treated with caution, that they are characterised by a certain subjectivity and reflect the mentality of researchers belonging to the late Soviet generation.

Expert Consensus Methods In The Humanities - An Exploration of their Potential

Background Expert consensus methods are regularly used in natural, social, and life sciences. This article explores the potential of applying these methods more frequently in humanities research. Methods The authors reviewed literature and applied the philosophical methods of conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering. Results This article identifies and describes six main elements of expert consensus methods. It also provides an overview of the different types of expert consensus methods regularly used in the natural, social, and life sciences: Delphi studies, nominal groups, consensus conferences, and Glaser’s state of the art method. Subsequently, each of these types is illustrated by an example from the sciences. The article also presents the potential of and objections to the application of expert consensus methods there. It gives four examples of expert consensus methods that were applied in humanities research, also presented in line with the six elements. Conclusions The comparisons and categorization show that, as in the natural, social, and life sciences, expert consensus methods in the humanities can in some instances potentially accelerate the epistemic process and enhance transparency, replicability, diversity, and fair processes. Nevertheless, expert consensus methods need to be fine-tuned to do justice to the unique nature and approaches of the humanities and therefore further research is needed.

Technological Advancement in Humanities Research in India: A Comprehensive Review and Prospective Analysis

Technological Advancement in Humanities Research in India: A Comprehensive Review and Prospective Analysis

Towards an All-Ireland Diamond Open Access Publishing Platform: The PublishOA.ie Project—2022–2024

The Government of Ireland has set a target of achieving 100% open access to publicly funded scholarly publications by 2030. As a key element of achieving this objective, the PublishOA.ie project was established to evaluate the feasibility of establishing an all-island [Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland] digital publishing platform for Diamond Open Access journals and monographs designed to advance best practice and meet the needs of authors, readers, publishers, and research funding organisations in Irish scholarly publishing. It should be noted in this context that there is substantial ‘north–south’ cooperation between public bodies in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom, some of whom operate on what is commonly termed an ‘all-island’ basis. The project commenced in November 2022 and will run until November 2024, with the submission of a Final Report. This article originated as an interim project report presented in September 2023 at the PubMet2023 conference in Zadar, Croatia. The project is unique in its mandate to report on the feasibility of a shared platform that will encompass scholarly publishing across the two jurisdictions on the island of Ireland, which are now, post-Brexit, inside and outside the European Union (EU): the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom. The project is co-led by the Royal Irish Academy (RIA), Ireland’s leading body of experts in the Sciences and Humanities, and the Trinity Long Room Hub Arts & Humanities Research Institute of Trinity College Dublin. There are sixteen partners and affiliates from universities and organisations from the island of Ireland. The feasibility study will be based on a review of the publishing practices in the island of Ireland, with gap analysis on standards, technology, processes, copyright practices, and funding models for Diamond OA, benchmarking against other national platforms, and specifications of the requirements, leading to the delivery of a pilot national publishing platform. A set of demonstrator journals and monographs will be published using the platform, which will be actively trialled by the partner publishers and authors. PublishOA.ie aims to deliver an evidence-based understanding of Irish scholarly publishing and of the requirements of publishers to transition in whole or in part to Diamond OA. This paper provides an interim report on progress on the project as of September 2023, ten months after its commencement.

Nature is resource, playground, and gift: What artificial intelligence reveals about human-Nature relationships.

This paper demonstrates how artificial-intelligence language analysis can inform understanding of human-nature relationships and other social phenomena. We demonstrate three techniques by investigating relationships within the popular word2vec word embedding, which is trained on a sample from over 50,000 worldwide news sources. Our first technique investigates what theory-generated analogies are most similar to nature:people. The resource:user analogy is most similar, followed by the playground:child and gift:receiver analogies. Our second technique explores whether nature-related words are affiliated with words that denote race, class, or gender. Nature words tend slightly toward associations with femininity and wealth. Our third technique demonstrates how the relationship between nature and wellbeing compares to other concepts' relationships to wellbeing-e.g., spirituality-wellbeing, social relations-wellbeing. Nature is more semantically connected to wellbeing than money, social relations, and multiple other wellbeing correlates. Findings are consistent with previous social science and humanities research on human-nature relationships, but do not duplicate them exactly; our results thus offer insight into dominant trends and prevalence of associations. Our analysis also offers a model for using word embeddings to investigate a wide variety of topics.

Trading Gamification and Investor Behavior

We study the effect of gamification on retail traders’ behavior using a randomized online experiment. Participants with lower financial literacy prefer platforms with hedonic gamification elements, such as confetti and achievement badges. On average, hedonic gamification increases trading volume by 5.17%. However, the difference in trading activity between gamified and nongamified platforms is driven primarily by self-selection (70%) rather than gamification (30%). Participants who prefer hedonic gamification exhibit noisy trading strategies, whereas those favoring nongamified platforms display stronger contrarian behavior. Further, price trend notifications enhance learning for investors with accurate beliefs, but they reinforce trading mistakes for those with incorrect beliefs. This paper has been This paper was accepted by Jean-Edouard Colliard for the special issue on the human-algorithm connection. Funding: P. Chapkovski acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2126/1-390838866]. M. Khapko and M. Zoican acknowledge the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Insight Development Grant 430-2018-00125] and the Canadian Securities Institute Research Foundation [research grant]. M. Zoican acknowledges financial support from the Quantitative Management Research Initiative (QMI) under the aegis of the Fondation du Risque, a joint initiative by Université Paris-Dauphine, l’École Nationale de la Statistique et de l’Administration ParisTech, and LFIS, France. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02650 .

Can deepfakes be used to study emotion perception? A comparison of dynamic face stimuli

Video recordings accurately capture facial expression movements; however, they are difficult for face perception researchers to standardise and manipulate. For this reason, dynamic morphs of photographs are often used, despite their lack of naturalistic facial motion. This study aimed to investigate how humans perceive emotions from faces using real videos and two different approaches to artificially generating dynamic expressions – dynamic morphs, and AI-synthesised deepfakes. Our participants perceived dynamic morphed expressions as less intense when compared with videos (all emotions) and deepfakes (fearful, happy, sad). Videos and deepfakes were perceived similarly. Additionally, they perceived morphed happiness and sadness, but not morphed anger or fear, as less genuine than other formats. Our findings support previous research indicating that social responses to morphed emotions are not representative of those to video recordings. The findings also suggest that deepfakes may offer a more suitable standardized stimulus type compared to morphs. Additionally, qualitative data were collected from participants and analysed using ChatGPT, a large language model. ChatGPT successfully identified themes in the data consistent with those identified by an independent human researcher. According to this analysis, our participants perceived dynamic morphs as less natural compared with videos and deepfakes. That participants perceived deepfakes and videos similarly suggests that deepfakes effectively replicate natural facial movements, making them a promising alternative for face perception research. The study contributes to the growing body of research exploring the usefulness of generative artificial intelligence for advancing the study of human perception.

Neuroticism/negative emotionality is associated with increased reactivity to uncertain threat in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, not the amygdala.

Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality (N/NE)-the tendency to experience anxiety, fear, and other negative emotions-is a fundamental dimension of temperament with profound consequences for health, wealth, and wellbeing. Elevated N/NE is associated with a panoply of adverse outcomes, from reduced socioeconomic attainment to psychiatric illness. Animal research suggests that N/NE reflects heightened reactivity to uncertain threat in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce), but the relevance of these discoveries to humans has remained unclear. Here we used a novel combination of psychometric, psychophysiological, and neuroimaging approaches to rigorously test this hypothesis in an ethnoracially diverse, sex-balanced sample of 220 emerging adults selectively recruited to encompass a broad spectrum of N/NE. Cross-validated robust-regression analyses demonstrated that N/NE is preferentially associated with heightened BST activation during the uncertain anticipation of a genuinely distressing threat (aversive multimodal stimulation), whereas N/NE was unrelated to BST activation during certain-threat anticipation, Ce activation during either type of threat anticipation, or BST/Ce reactivity to threat-related faces. It is often assumed that different threat paradigms are interchangeable assays of individual differences in brain function, yet this has rarely been tested. Our results revealed negligible associations between BST/Ce reactivity to the anticipation of threat and the presentation of threat-related faces, indicating that the two tasks are non-fungible. These observations provide a framework for conceptualizing emotional traits and disorders; for guiding the design and interpretation of biobank and other neuroimaging studies of psychiatric risk, disease, and treatment; and for informing mechanistic research.

Mental healthcare utilization and psychosocial outcomes among patients with recently diagnosed cancer: A National Health Interview Survey report.

12096 Background: Individual's diagnosed with cancer (IWC) often experience heightened psychosocial distress. Studies suggest 25-50% of IWC experience some form of psychosocial distress (Mehnert-Theuerkauf et al., 2023). Further, research shows that an individual's risk of developing a new mental disorder increases by 30% during the first year after being diagnosed with cancer (Hu et al., 2023). Although many IWC experience distress, literature depicts the underutilization of psychosocial services, with estimates suggesting that fewer then 10% of IWC receive support for their distress (Forsyth et al., 2013). This is concerning as research in rodents and humans shows that unaddressed distress can lead to faster growing tumors and rapidly advancing disease (Eckerling et al., 2021). The present study aimed to characterize mental healthcare utilization among Americans recently diagnosed with various types of cancer. We also aimed to illustrate prevalence of anxiety and depression in this population. Methods: Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey was used in this report. A total of 667 recently diagnosed IWC were included in the final analytic sample. Cancer type was divided into five subcategories: blood cancers (n=76), breast cancer (n=193), gynecologic cancer (n=87), colorectal cancer (n=72), lung cancer (n=62), and prostate cancer (n=177). Participants’ mental healthcare utilization at the time of the survey and within the last 12 months was assessed. The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was used to measure participants’ anxiety levels and the Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Results: Over 28% of recently diagnosed IWC reported moderate-severe levels of anxiety on the GAD7, and 43% of participants reported high levels depression on the PHQ8. One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in PHQ8 (F(5, 666)=3.332, p=0.006) and GAD7 (F(5,666)=3.35, p=0.005) scores across cancer groups. Post Hoc testing found that participants coping with colorectal cancers reported the highest levels of anxiety and depression compared to other cancer types. Of newly diagnosed patients, only 1.2% of patients reported currently receiving psychosocial support from a mental health professional, and only 13.6% reported receiving therapy from a mental health professional in the last year. Conclusions: Consistent with many studies, psychosocial distress among recently diagnosed IWC was very common, yet mental health care utilization remained low. These results indicate that efforts to target newly diagnosed IWC with psychosocial support interventions remains challenged. As such, our results underscore the importance of developing novel means of reaching IWC, and particularly colorectal cancer, as these individuals continue to struggle with significant levels of psychosocial distress.

Large language models reshaping molecular biology and drug development.

The utilization of large language models (LLMs) has become a significant advancement in the domains of medicine and clinical informatics, providing a revolutionary potential for scientific breakthroughs and customized therapies. LLM models are trained on large datasets and exhibit the capacity to comprehend and analyze intricate biological data, encompassing genomic sequences, protein structures, and clinical health records. With the utilization of their comprehension of the language of biology, they possess the ability to reveal concealed patterns and insights that may evade human researchers. LLMs have been shown to positively impact various aspects of molecular biology, including the following: genomic analysis, drug development, precision medicine, biomarker development, experimental design, collaborative research, and accessibility to specialized expertise. However, it is imperative to acknowledge and tackle the obstacles and ethical implications involved. The careful consideration of data bias and generalization, data privacy and security, explainability and interpretability, and ethical concerns around responsible application is vital. The successful resolution of these obstacles will enable us to fully utilize the capabilities of LLMs, leading to substantial progress in the fields of molecular biology and pharmaceutical research. This progression also has the ability to bolster influential impacts for both the individual and the broader community.

The China Historical Christian Database: A Dataset Quantifying Christianity in China from 1550 to 1950

The era of digitization is revolutionizing traditional humanities research, presenting both novel methodologies and challenges. This field harnesses quantitative techniques to yield groundbreaking insights, contingent upon comprehensive datasets on historical subjects. The China Historical Christian Database (CHCD) exemplifies this trend, furnishing researchers with a rich repository of historical, relational, and geographical data about Christianity in China from 1550 to 1950. The study of Christianity in China confronts formidable obstacles, including the mobility of historical agents, fluctuating relational networks, and linguistic disparities among scattered sources. The CHCD addresses these challenges by curating an open-access database built in neo4j that records information about Christian institutions in China and those that worked inside of them. Drawing on historical sources, the CHCD contains temporal, relational, and geographic data. The database currently has over 40,000 nodes and 200,000 relationships, and continues to grow. Beyond its utility for religious studies, the CHCD encompasses broader interdisciplinary inquiries including social network analysis, geospatial visualization, and economic modeling. This article introduces the CHCD’s structure, and explains the data collection and curation process.

Understanding the Adjustment Issues in Digital Humanities Among Female Academics in Advanced Career

It is no news that the world is a global village, the trend and advancement in digital content are not limited to the Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), but have extended to the humanities as well. Digital humanities are a new pathway to modern research in humanities. Pedagogy in traditional humanities has changed in the last few decades. Academics are now compelled to teach, research and offer their services with the latest innovations. There are numerous challenges with catching up with the glimpse of digital technology in service delivery in all areas of research in current times. Dealing with large data seems impossible and time-wasting with the traditional Pedagogy of humanities. Female academics in advanced careers are facing more challenges in learning and using digital tools in their day–to–day activities, hence several of them are perceived or seen as inefficient/stagnated in advancing their careers. This study identified the adjustment issues particularly faced by female advanced career academics. The study used a mixed method approach to select ten (n=10) female academics with a mean age of 60 who were purposively selected for the study from the University of Lagos, Nigeria. The participants agreed that adjusting to digital humanities has been challenging and they highlighted the present state of their abilities in using digitals as instructional materials. The study concluded that the challenges confronting female academics are numerous, hence why catching up with the digital humanities and other related issues is responsible for the stagnation and less research output among female academics. The study recommended that there should be continuous training programmes for female academics in Nigeria. This study contributes to the growing literature on empowering women in academia. Keywords: Digital Humanities, Adjustment, Advance Career, Female Academics