Human Red Blood Cell Membrane Research Articles

In vitro and In vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of Whole Plant Argyreia imbricata (Roth) Sant. & Patel

Plants of the genus Argyreia have ethnomedicinal importance, and several pharmacological activities are also reported. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of Argyreia imbricata was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. In both evaluations, standard, Diclofenac sodium was used for comparative evaluation. In this study, extraction of powdered whole plant material was done with different solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol by soxhelation. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of all the prepared extracts was evaluated by stabilization of human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane in different temperature and tonicity conditions. Among the six different concentrations of four tested extracts, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (1000μg/ml) showed significant activity in the in vitro evaluation. They were selected for the in vivo evaluation on the paw oedema induced by carrageenan on Wistar albino rats. Two doses, 200mg.kg-1 and 400mg.kg-1 of the test extracts were subjected to evaluation. Both the tested extracts showed the activity, particularly, the methanol extract in the dose of 400mg.kg-1 showed significant activity. Results of this study strongly supported the anti-inflammatory activity of the tested extracts. Further, studies on toxicity, identification, isolation of the active constituents may give useful results.

Phytobiological-facilitated Production of Silver Nanoparticles From Selected Non-cultivated Vegetables in Nigeria and Their Biological Potential.

Plant-mediated synthesis [silver (Ag) to form Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs)] is becoming progressively well accepted in many scientific and pharmaceutical fields. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs using air-dried leaves of four neglected vegetables, i.e. Ceratotheca sesamoides, Ceiba pentandra, Crassocephalum crepidioides, and Launaea taraxacifolia. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization. Cell stabilization membrane and lipoxidase assays were used to determine used to assess the antiinflammatory activities while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) assays were used to assess the antioxidant activities of AgNPs [L. taraxacifolia-AgNPs, C. sesamoides Ag nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs), C. pentandra Ag nanoparticles (CP-AgNPs), and C. crepidioides AgNPs (CC-AgNPs)]. The UV-Vis spectra of the synthesized NPs displayed absorption bands at around 360-440 nm, which is a characteristic band for AgNPs. The SEM image showed that the AgNPs formed were spherical in morphology. CC-AgNPs exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity against human red blood cell membrane stabilizasyonu [median inhibitory concentration (IC50): 32.2 μg/mL] while CS-AgNPs displayed the most significant inhibitory activity against lipoxygenases (IC50: 32.8 μg/mL). CP-AgNPs exhibited the most significant antioxidant effect against both ABTS and DPPH (IC50: 5.5 and 6.4 μg/mL) when compared to ascorbic acid (IC50: 4.7 μg/mL). The synthesized AgNPs were found to be stable and the FTIR evidence suggested that the phytochemicals in the vegetables might have played an important role in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. This work showed that the synthesized AgNPs from non-cultivated vegetables can find relevance and application in health, drugs, food and environmental science. The evidences herein further confirmed their ethnopharmacological applications.

A comparative study of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficiency of modified solvent evaporated and vacuum oven dried bioactive components of Pleurotus floridanus.

In the present study, we compared vacuum microwave oven drying Vacuum Oven Drying (VOD) and modified solvent evaporation (MSE) assisted methanolic mushroom extracts for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacy. MSE extract showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher total phenolic content (64.4mg/g) followed by flavonoid content (20.62mg/g), ascorbic acid (17.54mg/g), β-carotene content (12.52mg/g), and lycopene (9.57mg/g) content than that of VOD extract. MSE showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher zone of inhibition against all selected microorganisms as compared to VOD extract. During the time-kill study, the MSE extract inhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth of Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli than that of VOD extract. Also, MSE extract showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with VOD extract during the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization test and albumin denaturation test. MSE extract revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and N2O2 scavenging assay than that of VOD extract, however, statistically, MSE extract showed comparable results with Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT). During the characterization of the selected extract, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups of the flavonoid content, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and lycopene. Quantitative analysis of gallic acid (54.32mg/g) and rutin content (14.80mg/g) was revealed using a high-pressure liquid chromatogram.

Green extraction of Glycyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra using choline chloride based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs)

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) have attracted growing interest in the scientific community as an alternative to conventional organic solvents and are exclusively made up of naturally occurring non-toxic, environment friendly compounds. In the present study, NADESs based on choline chloride and carboxylic acids are presented as new and green extraction media for glycyrrhizic acid (GA) extraction from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Initial solvent screening indicated that the highest extraction yield was achieved using choline chloride-lactic acid mixture at mole ratio 1:1. Various extraction conditions were optimized, such as 30 % water in choline chloride:lactic acid NADES, liquid/solid ratio 40:1 (v/w, mL/g), temperature 40℃, agitation speed 400 rpm, and extraction time 30 min yielding 53.72 ± 0.57 mg/g GA. The NADES extraction method successfully provided enhanced yield and improved in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, which was assessed using human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. In addition, it was found to be energy efficient and economical compared to conventional extraction techniques. SEM was performed to study the surface morphology of Glycyrrhiza glabra powder before and after extraction. Also, FTIR was used to provide information about hydrogen bonding in NADES. The results presented valuable information towards NADES implementation for designing of extraction process for bioactive compounds.

Effect of the Solvent on Propolis Phenolic Profile and its Antifungal, Antioxidant, and In Vitro Cytoprotective Activity in Human Erythrocytes Under Oxidative Stress.

Propolis is a natural bee product with various beneficial biological effects. The health-promoting properties of propolis depend on its chemical composition, particularly the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between extraction solvent (acetone 100%, ethanol 70% and 96%) and the antifungal, antioxidant, and cytoprotective activity of the extracts obtained from propolis. Concentrations of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the propolis extracts were determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant potential of different extracts was assessed on the basis of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) free-radical-scavenging activity, Fe3+-reducing power, and ferrous ion (Fe2+)-chelating activity assays. The ability of the extracts to protect human red blood cell membranes against free-radical-induced damage and their antifungal activity was also determined. The results showed that the concentration of flavonoids in the propolis extracts was dependent on the solvent used in the extraction process and pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin, and coumaric acid were the most abundant phenols. All extracts exhibited high antioxidant potential and significantly protected human erythrocytes against oxidative damage. On the other hand, the antifungal activity of the propolis extracts depended on the solvent used in extraction and the fungal strains tested. It needs to be stressed that, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study relating the effect of solvent used for extraction of Polish propolis to its phenolic profile, and its antifungal, antioxidant, and cytoprotective activity.

In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Plumeria indica Linn flowers

Inflammation is a reaction of a living vascularised tissue to an injury. Conventional or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases are inadequate, it sometimes have serious side effects. So, number of herbal medicines is recommended for the treatment of inflammation that has no side effects. Hence our study focused to investigate the physicochemical, qualitative phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds and In-vitro and In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Plumeria indica Linn (P. Indica) flowers extract which has boundless medicinal properties. The physicochemical evaluations carried out in terms of loss on drying, ash value, extractive values and acid insoluble ash value ect. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of P. Indica flowers was screened for in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema in rat model and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids ect. Ethanolic extract showed best in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity at the dose level of 250 and 500mg/kg. Indomethacin at the dose level of 10 mg/kg was used as reference standard drug. Both the extracts showed a dose dependent anti-inflammatory potential which provide scientific basis for the traditional claims of P. Indica flowers as an anti-inflammatory drug.&#x0D; Keywords: Plumeria indica Linn, Anti-inflammatory activity, Carrageenan, Human red blood cells membrane

Chemical Composition of Ethanolic Extracts from some Seaweed Species of the South Indian Coastal Zone, their Antibacterial and Membrane-Stabilizing Activity

The present study was intended to investigate the presence of major chemical components in seaweed extracts by using of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and to explore the antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory (membrane stability) properties of ethanolic extracts of nine different seaweeds collected from the Ramewaram coastal region. Total flavonoid content (TFC) and total tannin content (TTC) of ethanolic extracts were determined using spectrometric method. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts was tested against six bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. Study of the preliminary anti-inflammatory activity of seaweed extracts was performed by the HRBC membrane stabilization method. Turbinaria ornata shows the highest TFC and TTC among all the studied seaweed species. Significant differences were observed in anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts from various seaweeds investigated using the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. HRBC membrane stabilization activity of ethanolic extracts of seaweeds exhibited dose dependency and increased with increasing concentration of the extract. Ethanolic extract of T. ornata had the strongest growth inhibition against Proteus mirabilis. FTIR spectroscopy analysis of three seaweeds provided a detailed report of major functional constituents and chemical components. It can be concluded that seaweeds are rich in polyphenols to which acquire potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Seaweed extracts are a major breakthrough for pharmaceutical application.

Membrane stabilization as a mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic root extract of Choi (Piper chaba)

BackgroundThis experiment is conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Piper chaba roots.MethodsThe in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Piper chaba was carried out by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method which includes heat-induced hemolysis and hypo tonicity- induced hemolysis and also by another method of egg albumin denaturation assay.ResultsAnti-inflammatory activity study of crude ethanolic extract was performed using heat induced membrane stabilization method, hypo-tonicity induced HRBC membrane stabilization method and egg albumin denaturation method. Crude ethanolic extracts of P. chaba showed promising in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration dependent manner. Using acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) as standard drug and was compared with ethanolic extract to determine anti-inflammatory activity. Heat induced anti-inflammatory test revealed that crude ethanolic extract of P. chaba (500 μg/ml) and positive control ASA(500 μg/ml) have 52.667% and 78% respectively, hypo tonicity induced anti-inflammatory test showed 35.67% and 59% inhibition of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis. Egg albumin denaturation method also evaluated that crude ethanolic extract (1000 μg/ml) and ASA (1000 μg/ml) showed 60% and 97.12% inhibition of egg albumin denaturation.ConclusionThe plant of P. chaba of the genus Piper possesses promising anti-inflammatory activities.

In vitro Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and COX-2 inhibitory action of some medicinal plants

Objective of this research was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibitory properties of celery, myrrh, aqueous and alcoholic fenugreek plant extracts. The Human Red Blood Cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) method was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and the Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) was used to evaluate the COX-2 inhibitory actions. The celery extract showed excellent anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibition potency. The other extracts (myrrh and fenugreek) showed less activity that might indicate high efficacy of celery. This may be attributed to the plant constituents, mainly to a compound known as 3-n-butylphthalide, which is the most powerful of all healing factors of celery.

Surface Modification of Luminescent LnIII Fluoride Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Synthesis, Spectroscopic and in Vitro Hemocompatibility Studies.

Luminescent lanthanide fluoride core-shell (LaF3 :Tb3+ ,Ce3+ @SiO2 -NH2 ) nanoparticles, with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) coated on the surface have been obtained. The synthesized products, which combine the potential located in the silica shell with the luminescent activity of the core, were characterized in detail with the use of luminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The in vitro effects of the modified luminescent nanoparticles on human red blood cell (RBC) membrane permeability, RBC shape, and sedimentation rate were investigated to assess the hemocompatibility of the obtained compounds. This study demonstrates that LaF3 : Tb3+ 5 %, Ce3+ 10 %@SiO2 -NH2 nanoparticles with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) coated on the surface are very good precursors for multifunctional drug-delivery systems or bio-imaging probes that can be used safely in potential biomedical applications.

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF PYRENACANTHA VOLUBILIS (EEPV)

Objectives: The study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Pyrenacantha volubilis (EEPV) using human red blood cells (HRBCs) membrane stabilization and protein denaturation methods.&#x0D; Methods: In the present study, the in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of EEPV was carried out using HRBC membrane stabilization by hypotonicity-induced hemolysis and protein denaturation using egg albumin methods at various concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000) of EEPV. Diclofenac sodium was used as reference standard.&#x0D; Results: P. volubilis was effective in inhibiting HRBC membrane stabilization and protein denaturation in a dose-dependent manner and was comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study suggests that P. volubilis has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity of two Sternbergia taxons from Turkey

The use of herbal medicines has become popular globally because of their efficacy and safety. Sternbergia species are known as imperative medicinal plants due to their alkaloid contents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts from the bulbs of Sternbergia lutea ssp. lutea and Sternbergia lutea ssp. sicula. The antioxidant potentials of the extracts were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Measurement of anti-inflammatory activity was performed by heat induced hemolysis of human red blood cell membrane whereas antidiabetic activity by inhibition of in vitro α-glucosidase.It has been determined that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Sternbergia lutea ssp.sicula and Sternbergia lutea ssp.lutea possessed low antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This could be explained by low phenolic contents and different extraction procedures. In present study, we studied on maserates of two Sternbergia species similar forms used in traditional medicine, not a fraction of extracts rich in any chemical compounds. Ethanol extracts of Sternbergia lutea ssp. sicula possessed the strongest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 0.37 mg/ml and 0.10 mg/ml, respectively.Aqueous extracts of Sternbergia lutea ssp.sicula observed the highest effect on inhibiting α-glucosidase (IC50=0.01 mg/ml).Sternbergia lutea ssp. lutea aqueous extracts exhibited higher in vitro anti-inflammatory effect (IC50=8.02 mg/ml) than the other extracts. These results suggest that aqueous extracts were found to possess more potent anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity. However, further studies are needed for the isolation and identification of the effective compounds from the extracts of Sternbergia lutea ssp. lutea and Sternbergia lutea ssp. sicula.

Pharmacological evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of ethanolic extract of Indigofera argentea Burm. f.

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIndigofera argentea Burm. f.; commonly known as neel, jantari, hathio; is traditionally used for the treatment of headache, fever, inflammation and body pain. Local communities also used this plant for the treatment of malaria, jaundice, vertigo and gastric disorders. Aim of the studyThis study is aimed to evaluate the toxicity and possible analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanolic crude extract of Indigofera argentea (IaCr) to support its use in folk medicine and to screen the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity. Materials and methodsAqueous ethanolic (30:70) extract of whole plant of Indigofera argentea (IaCr) was prepared and phytochemical study was performed by preliminary methods followed by HPLC and DPPH method. In vivo experiments were performed in Wistar albino rats including hot plate, tail immersion, formalin and capsaicin-induced pain tests in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using in vitro human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test, while antipyretic activity was evaluated by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia test. ResultsThe crude extract of Indigofera argentea confirmed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins and tannins as soluble ethanolic constituents in preliminary study. The maximum quantity of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolics, and quercetin equivalent (QE) flavonoid content found was 81 ± 2 mg GAE/g and 56 ± 1.4 mg QE/g of extract respectively. Quantification based on HPLC exposed the presence of phenols and flavonoids, quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid. In vivo experiments revealed significant P < 0.05) dose-dependent inhibition in hot plate, tail immersion and capsaicin-induced pain test. IaCr showed significant inhibition of pain latency against both phases in formalin test and considerably decreased the number of writhes caused by acetic acid at the doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg. In the in vitro anti-inflammatory (HRBC) assay, IaCr showed good membrane stability with maximum percentage hemolysis inhibition of 49.29% while in carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats the IaCr showed significant anti-inflammatory action in a dose-dependent fashion. Statistical significant reduction in rectal temperature was observed at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg in yeast-induced pyrexia test in rats. ConclusionThe results of the experimental studies proved the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Indigofera argentea and supported the traditional use of this plant.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanolic extract of &lt;i&gt;Rosmarinus eriocalyx&lt;/i&gt; Jord. &amp; Fourr.

Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. &amp; Fourr is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant whose consumption serves to remedy a number of disorders, evergreen bush endemic to Algeria. The present study aimed it investigating the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial for two extracts of Rosmarinus eriocalyx. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and the reducing power essay, anti-inflammatory activity with the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. However, the antimicrobial activity was tested with three bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633. The results show an excellent antioxidant and an interesting inflammatory activities but a weak power against the used strains therefore.&#x0D; © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.&#x0D; Keywords: Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. &amp; Fourr, DPPH, reducing power, HRBC, antimicrobial

Glycophorin B‐A‐B Variant GP.Mur, a Chaperone for Erythroid SLC4A Transporter, Supports Gas Exchange during Exhaustive Exercise

The main function of glycophorin A is to stabilize protein complex expression of SLC4A (band 3) and to facilitate its Cl−/HCO3− antiporter activity across human red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Anion exchange through SLC4A on the RBC surface is physiologically critical for blood CO2 transport. We previously found that glycophorin B‐A‐B hybrid protein GP.Mur, a special blood type unique to people of Southeast Asian origins, further promotes erythroid expression of SLC4A. People with GP.Mur phenotype not only express more band 3 on their RBCs but also exhibit more efficient blood CO2 expiration when challenged with a mild stepping exercise test. We have noticed a disproportional number of elite athletes in Taiwan bearing the GP.Mur phenotype. The goal of this study was thus to verify whether GP.Mur expression could indeed support the respiratory function of elite athletes during exhaustive exercise. Here we recruited GP.Mur+ and GP.Mur‐young elite/professional athletes in Taiwan and challenged them with a graded, exhaustive protocol of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). As revealed by CPET, compared to the athletes lacking the special blood type, GP.Mur+ athletes showed smaller respiratory quotient (RQ) and lower arterial CO2 tension throughout the graded test before exhaustion. This suggests relative easiness on the respiratory function for athletes with GP.Mur phenotype during exhaustive exercise. We are currently exploring the possibility of utilizing one’s GP.Mur/band 3 expression levels in personalized athletic training.Support or Funding InformationTaiwan Ministry of Science &amp; Technology (MOST 108‐2628‐B‐195‐001)

Synthesis of novel 2, 3, 5-tri-substituted thiazoles with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect causing clinical pathogens

BackgroundThe present work is an extension of ongoing efforts toward the development and identification of new molecules as monotherapy displaying anti-inflammatory and anti-infective activities and a wide-range of gastrointestinal selectivity. A series of novel set of trisubstituted thiazole compounds (AR-17a to AR-27a) have synthesized and evaluated for their in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities. Synthesized trisubstituted thiazole compounds were also evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens causing infectious disease. Material and MethodThe structures of synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, Mass spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory effects using the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and a carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model, respectively, Diclofenac sodium and Ibuprofen were used as standard drugs. The synthesized compounds AR-17atoAR-27a screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212) and the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC8739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9027) using ciprofloxacin and cefdinir as standard drugs. ResultCompounds AR-17a and AR-27a elicited maximum anti-inflammatory activity, providing 59% and 61% protection at 20mg/kg, respectively, in the inflamed paw model. Among the tested compounds, AR-17a (6.25), (54) and AR-27a (1.56), (52) had the least minimum inhibitory concentration values and the highest zone of inhibition, indicating their marked antibacterial activities. The lowest conc. were observed at 1.56, 6.25μg/mL for inhibition of bacteria by most of the compounds. ConclusionNovel set of trisubstituted thiazole compounds (AR-17a to AR-27a) have synthesized and characterized successfully. The preliminary screening revealed that these compounds possess promising anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. In addition, the objective of the study was achieved with few of the promising structures like AR-17a to AR-27a, which are prove to be potential monotherapy candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections.

In-vitro Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities valorisation of tannin crude extract of Helianthemum helianthemoïdes (Desf.) Grosser

Plants have always been used by humans to relieve and cure many diseases unfortunately the majority of them still unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of tannin crude extract of Helianthemum helianthemoïdes (Desf.) Grosser. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging method and the reducing power essay; however, the anti-inflammatory activity was tested with the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. The obtained results indicated high antioxidant potential and a perfect anti-inflammatory agent.&#x0D; Keywords: Helianthemum helianthemoïdes; DPPH; reducing power; HRBC

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities development of methanol extract of Cyclamen africanum B. et R., growth in Jijel - Algeria

The genus Cyclamen L. (Primulaceae) is represented by 20 species, where inter alia Cyclamen africanum B. et R, is the only endemic species presented in Algeria. The study of their biological potentialities was evaluated through antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and the reducing power essay, the antimicrobial activity was tested with three bacterial strains and one yeast (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC700603, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 and Candida albicans ATCC1024) and anti-inflammatory activity with the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. The results demonstrate a perfect antioxidant activity and an excellent anti- inflammatory power at very small concentrations.&#x0D; Keywords: Cyclamen; crude extract; reducing power; antimicrobial; HRBC.

Permeability of Human Red Blood Cell Membranes to Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive species are important physiological mediators in the vascular system. Enzymatic production of H2O2 is involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation and vasodilation. Whereas endothelial cells are important sources of H2O2, red blood cells (RBC) are considered the most important sinks of H2O2 in the vasculature. However, little is known about the permeability of their membrane to H2O2. The permeability coefficient of human RBC membranes to H2O2 was determined using the enzyme latency method, based on measuring the rate of H2O2 decomposition in lysed vs whole cells. If the passage through the membrane is the rate limiting step in H2O2 decomposition, then a difference is observed that can be used to calculate the permeability coefficient. Additional experiments were done to differentiate between simple diffusion through the lipid fraction and facilitated diffusion through protein channels. The lack of reported permeability coefficients for lipid membranes prompted us to do experiments with phospholipid-cholesterol liposome membranes that indicated that simple diffusion is a slow process. Determination of partition coefficients in different solvents mimicking different depths of the membrane indicate that the low permeability of lipid membranes to H2O2 is caused mainly by its very low solubility in the acyl region of the bilayer. The activation energy of permeation through RBC membranes suggested that protein channels were involved in facilitating H2O2 diffusion through the membrane. Inhibitors of hAQP3 and hAQP1 had no effect in H2O2 consumption rate, suggesting that other membrane proteins may be involved. Although the RBC membrane presents a significant barrier to H2O2 passage, especially in comparison with other solutes such as oxygen and nitric oxide, the permeability is still high enough to support the role of RBC as sinks of H2O2 in circulation.

Improved multicomponent, one‐pot synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans cardiovascular dysfunction regulators

AbstractA simple, efficient, and straightforward one‐pot three‐component synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans (6a‐l) is carried‐out in the presence of an inexpensive and environmentally benign Eaton's reagent as a catalyst to discover some ACE inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory agents. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is highly involved in the renin‐angiotensin system and often directly associated with cardiovascular dysfunction via inflammation. Thus, the cardiovascular protective effect of newly synthesized tetrahydropyrans (6a‐l) was evaluated through ACE inhibition, human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization, and molecular docking studies. As the results complied, compounds 6e and 6f were identified as effective ACE inhibitors. Docking studies, HRBC based anti‐inflammatory assay, and SAR studies revealed that compounds 6e and 6f could be good anti‐inflammatory agents apart from ACE inhibitors.