Human Papillomavirus Infection Rate Research Articles

Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection by Number of Vaccine Doses Among US Adults.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer caused by HPV. Studies have shown that 1 dose of the HPV vaccine offers comparable protection against genital HPV infection as additional doses; however, it is unknown whether oral HPV prevalence also differs by number of vaccine doses. We examined differences in prevalence of oral HPV by number of doses using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2016. The prevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections was statistically significantly lower in individuals who received 1 dose (0.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0% to 0.9%) or 2-3 doses (0.4%, 95% CI = 0.0% to 1.2%) compared with unvaccinated individuals (1.2%, 95% CI = 0.9% to 1.6%). Smokers, individuals who initiated oral sex at age 17 years or younger, and those with more than 2 oral sexual partners had higher rates of oral HPV infection. Ongoing prospective studies are essential to further evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose regimen for prevention of oral HPV.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Routine Nursing on Patients with Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

Cervical papillomavirus infection is a common disease in women. The risk of permanent infection is the main reason for cervical HPV and its advanced acanthosis. The last time, the incidence rate of cervical papillomavirus is only different from that of malignant tumor women. The trend of young tumors is more and more obvious. Therefore, the treatment of parasitic lesions is very important to prevent or reduce the occurrence of cervical HPV. This paper aims to study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with routine nursing on patients with cervical human papillomavirus infection. The application of traditional Chinese medicine therapy to promote the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with cervical human papillomavirus infection has significant effect, which is of great significance for clinicians in the future work. In this paper, through the introduction of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine oral and external use combined with routine nursing methods, through the follow-up experimental investigation method to study the cervical human papillomavirus infection rate and the effect of cervical human papillomavirus infection patients after operation, it is proved that the effect of traditional Chinese medicine oral and external use combined with routine nursing on cervical human papillomavirus infection patients is better. The results show that 54% of the cervical HPV infection rate makes people pay more and more attention to cervical HPV. The infection investigation and genotyping can effectively judge the prognosis of patients, which has extremely important clinical significance.

HPV-Related Cancers: A Growing Threat to U.S. Military Health and Readiness.

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers is growing in the United States. Active duty service members (ADSM) have higher rates of HPV infection than civilians and are therefore at greater risk of developing HPV-related cancers. The purpose of this commentary is to examine the burden of HPV-related cancers in ADSM. The current HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening uptake rates of U.S. ADSM are presented, including a literature review of military-focused studies on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screenings. We provide directions for future research, interventions, and policy recommendations to improve HPV-related cancer prevention among ADSM.

Behavioral factors associated with multiple-type HPV genital infections: data from a cross-sectional study in young women in Brazil

ObjectivesTo investigate the pattern of multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and associated factors in young women who access the Brazilian public health care system to better understand the characteristics of multiple HPV infections, a critical issue in this era of multivalent vaccines.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multicenter study with sexually active unvaccinated women (16–25 years old) from 119 primary Brazilian healthcare centers between September 2016 and November 2017. Cervical samples were collected by trained health professionals, and HPV detection was performed in a central laboratory by Linear Array.ResultsOf the 5268 women, 33.00% (95% CI 31.07–34.92) had multiple infections. At least one type of high-risk HPV was present in 85.50% of all multiple infections. All HPV types were detected more frequently in association with other types than alone. Young individuals who were single or in a casual relationship and those who had more than one sexual partner in the past year were more likely to have multiple infections.ConclusionsIn this work, a high rate of multiple HPV infections among unvaccinated young adults tended to increase due to certain risk factors. Such data can provide insight for decision makers in the development of public policies regarding HPV prevention.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on influence of human papillomavirus infection during pregnancy on premature rupture of membranes and premature delivery.

The increasing infection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) has resulted in various complex pregnancy-related complications in recent years. HPV can directly pass through the placenta to cause intrauterine infection, leading to premature delivery or the premature rupture of membranes (PROM). English databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) on HPV infection and premature delivery and PROM, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register. The search time was from inception to March 1st 2021, with human papillomavirus, rupture, pregnancy, preterm birth, viral infection, and pregnancy complications as search terms. RevMan5.3 provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used to perform bias risk assessment. A total of 7 studies were identified, involving 45,603 patients, including 22,799 cases in the control group, and 22,799 cases in an HPV infection group. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to express the results. HPV infection increased the probability of premature delivery (OR =1.81, 95% CI: 1.25-2.62, Z=3.16, P=0.002) and PROM (OR =1.74, 95% CI: 1.45-2.10, Z=5.84, P<0.00001). The P values were all less than 0.05, and the difference was statistically significant. A total of 7 articles were included in this meta-analysis. HPV infection affects the physiology of pregnant women and may lead to PROM and premature delivery.

Prevalence, Types, and Factors of HPV Infection Among Women With Abnormal Cervical Cytology Screening at Ramathibodi Hospital

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cancer among Thai women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most prevalence types in women with cervical cancer.&#x0D; Objectives: To study the prevalence and types of HPV infection and its associated risk factors among women with abnormal cervical cytology screening.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study purposively recruited 376 women who had abnormal cervical cytology screening by liquid-based cytology at the outpatient clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital from August 2015 until March 2016. HPV genotyping was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the personal characteristics was done using descriptive statistics.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 41.5%. Among them, a single infection was found in 78.8% of women. The most common genotypes were HPV16 (8.5%) and HPV52 (7.7%). But HPV18 was found in only 1.9%. The characteristic which was significantly associated with HPV infection was age, nulliparity, and high-graded dysplasia (P &lt; .05).&#x0D; Conclusions: High prevalence rate of HPV infection was found among women with abnormal cytology. High-risk HPV prevalence and type distribution may be useful for public health authorities in assessing the cervical screening program.&#x0D;

The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomaviruses Among Men in Henan Province of China

Background: This paper aimed to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the associations of sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics with HPV in unvaccinated men in Henan Province before the mass administration of the HPV vaccine through a baseline survey.Methods: Between June 2015 to June 2020, 3,690 men were tested for the HPV genotype at the Henan Provincial People's Hospital. The HPV genotype was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based hybridization gene chip assay.Results: The overall HPV infection rate was 29.97%; The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 6 (21.76%), 11 (12.68%), 16 (8.94%), 58 (5.37%), 18 (3.41%), 84 (3.25%), 61 (3.09%), and 81 (3.09%). Low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) infection (24.91%) and single infection (17.78%) were the most prevalent forms. Age-specific HPV distribution was presented as a bimodal curve; the youngest age group (≤ 25 years) had the highest HPV infection rate (36.03%), followed by the 36–40-year-old group (33.68%). Men with Junior high school or above were more likely to have Pure-LR HPV infection. Unmarried status and smoking increased single and LR-HPV infection. Multiple lifetime sex partners and not using a condom were more likely to cause LR-HPV infection.Conclusions: The data on the prevalence and HPV infection type distribution in men in Henan Province could serve as a valuable reference to guide nationwide screening. We provide a time-based estimate of the maximum impact of the HPV vaccine and critical reference measurements important for assessing the clinical benefits of HPV vaccination and the increase in non-vaccine HPV types.

Incidence and Types of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Adolescent Girls and Young Women Immunized With the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

Rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have decreased since the introduction of HPV vaccines in populations with high vaccine uptake. Data are limited for adolescent and young adult populations in US metropolitan centers. To determine HPV infection rates in adolescent girls and young women aged 13 to 21 years in New York City following HPV vaccination. This cohort study of type-specific cervical HPV detection was conducted at a large adolescent-specific integrated health center in New York City between October 2007 and September 2019. Participants included an open cohort of adolescent girls and young adult women who received the HPV vaccine (Gardasil; Merck & Co) over a 12-year period following HPV vaccination introduction. Data analysis was concluded September 2019. Calendar date and time since receipt of first vaccine dose. Temporal associations in age-adjusted postvaccine HPV rates. A total of 1453 participants, with a mean (SD) age at baseline of 18.2 (1.4) years, were included in the cohort (African American with no Hispanic ethnicity, 515 [35.4%] participants; African American with Hispanic ethnicity, 218 [15.0%] participants; Hispanic with no reported race, 637 [43.8%] participants). Approximately half (694 [47.8%] participants) were vaccinated prior to coitarche. Age-adjusted detection rates for quadrivalent vaccine types (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18) and related types (HPV-31, and HPV-45) decreased year over year, with the largest effect sizes observed among individuals who had been vaccinated before coitarche (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98). By contrast, detection was higher year over year for nonvaccine high-risk cervical HPV types (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13) and anal HPV types (aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17). The largest effect sizes were observed with nonvaccine types HPV-56 and HPV-68. Whereas lower detection rates of vaccine-related HPV types were observed since introduction of vaccines in female youth in New York City, rates of some nonvaccine high-risk HPV types were higher. Continued monitoring of high-risk HPV prevalence is warranted.

Application of big data information system in early diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of cervical cancer infected by human papillomavirus

AbstractIn order to study the application value of big data information monitoring system in early diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of human papillomavirus (HPV) infected cervical cancer, firstly, the traditional ID3‐based decision tree model was optimized through the minimum sample number of different leaf nodes. According to the optimization model, the diagnosis model of HPV‐infected cervical cancer was constructed and applied to the monitoring system of big data of cervical cancer. Diagnosis model and information monitoring system (DMIMS) was compared with Decision tree based on decision support degree (DTBDS). Then, 876 HPV‐infected cervical cancer patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 30, 2018 to January 30, 2019 were defined as the experimental group, and 670 HPV‐infected cervical cancer patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 30, 2017 to January 30, 2018 were defined as the control group. Only the experimental group used cervical cancer data and information diagnosis system. Finally, the biopsy rate after examination, the coincidence rate with pathology diagnosis, the detection rate of precancerous lesion of HPV infection, and the detection rate of HPV infection of cervical cancer were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the classification accuracy of DMIMS (95%) was higher than that of DTBDS (67%) (p &lt; 0.05). The biopsy rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p &lt; 0.05); the coincidence rate between biopsy and pathological diagnosis, detection rate of HPV precancerous lesion, and detection rate of HPV infected cervical cancer were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05), which showed that the big data monitoring system of cervical cancer played an important role in the detection of HPV infection cervical cancer, which can make the patients with precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer get timely diagnosis, treatment, and nursing.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Different Groups of Women in Chongqing, China.

Persistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an essential risk factor for cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesion. There are differences in HPV distribution among different countries, regions and ethnic groups. The aim of this research was to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of HPV in Chongqing, China. In this study, 13,788 women aged 18 to 78 were screened for 23 HPV genotypes by PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization. The total HPV-positive rate was 19.9% (2,745/13,788), while the positive rates for HR, and low-risk (LR) HPV were 17.3% (2,379/13,788), and 4.6% (638/13,788), respectively. In addition to cervical cancer (CC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients, the HPV infection rates among infertile women and women with gynecological diseases were markedly higher than that among healthy women. The HPV and HR-HPV infection rates in the different age groups showed statistically significant differences, and the prevalence peaks were observed in women under 20 years and over 50 years of age. Overall, HPV-52, HPV-16 and HPV-58 ranked as the top 3 most common subtypes among women in Chongqing. The results of this research provide epidemiological information regarding HPV infection in Chongqing. These data constitute valuable evidence for the prevention and management of cervical carcinoma and development of HPV vaccines.

Human papillomavirus distribution and cervical cancer epidemiological characteristics in rural population of Xinjiang, China.

Background:Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue for the Uyghur women and other women living mainly in rural areas of Xinjiang. This study aims to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer in rural areas of Xinjiang, China.Methods:Cervical cancer screening was performed on rural women aged 35 to 64 years from Xinjiang, China in 2017 through gynecological examination, vaginal discharge smear microscopy, cytology, and HPV testing. If necessary, colposcopy and biopsy were performed on women with suspicious or abnormal screening results.Results:Of the 216,754 women screened, 15,518 received HPV testing. The HPV-positive rate was 6.75% (1047/15,518). Compared with the age 35–44 years group, the odds ratios (ORs) of HPV positivity in the age 45–54 years and 55–64 years groups were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.37) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.53–2.21), respectively. Compared with women with primary or lower education level, the ORs for HPV infection rates of women with high school and college education or above were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.09–1.72) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.23–2.12), respectively. Uyghur women were less likely to have HPV infection than Han women, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.61–0.99). The most prevalent HPV types among Xinjiang women were HPV 16 (24.00%), HPV 33 (12.70%), and HPV 52 (11.80%). The detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ was 0.14% and the early diagnosis rate of cervical cancer was 85.91%. The detection rates of vaginitis and cervicitis were 19.28% and 21.32%, respectively.Conclusions:The HPV infection rate in Xinjiang is low, but the detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions is higher than the national average level. Cervical cancer is a prominent public health problem in Xinjiang, especially in southern Xinjiang.

Genital Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotyping Among Males in Putuo District of Shanghai, China 2015-2019.

BackgroundReports of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype distribution in Chinese men are limited, and HPV vaccination has not yet been recommended for men in China.Material/MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the prevalence and genotyping of male genital HPV. A total of 1227 male patients (aged 17 to 81 years) attending the dermatology and sexually transmitted disease clinics at Putuo District Center Hospital in Shanghai from 2015 to 2019 were included. Genital exfoliated specimens were obtained for detection and genotyping of 27 HPV types by Luminex-based multiplex assay.ResultsThe prevalence of any HPV was 65.5% (804/1227). The rate of multiple infection was 25.8% (317/1227). The 5 main HPV types were 6 (32.0%), 11 (23.2%), 16 (5.6%), 43 (4.3%), and 59 (4.0%). Among all detected HPV genotypes, 65.5% (875/1336) were 9-valent HPV genotypes. No significant differences were observed in the detection rate of HPV infection over 5 years (P>0.05). Age groups ≤24 years (70.7%) and ≥55 years (72.9%) showed higher infection rates, and significant differences were detected in rates of low-risk HPV infection in different age-stratified groups (P<0.05). Prevalence of HPV infection among patients with warts (74.4%) was significantly higher than that of patients with other clinical characteristics (40.4%) and physical examination (63.6%).ConclusionsOur study suggested that more than half of Chinese male patients have detectable HPV infections, and penis-genital and anogenital warts were the most common clinical manifestations. Moreover, the available 9-valent HPV vaccine covers the most frequently observed HPV types among men.

Correlation between HPV infection and ovarian epithelial cancer diagnosed by Dynamic Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging information technology under exponential distribution mathematical model

This research aims to analyze the correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and ovarian epithelial cancer based on exponential distribution mathematical model, so as to provide an experimental basis for the early diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the future. In this study, 124 patients with ovarian epithelial cancer tissues pathologically confirmed in our hospital from March 31, 2017 to February 20, 2019 were selected as the experimental group, and 64 patients with normal ovarian tissues were selected as the control group, and the positive rate of HPV infection was detected by the computer cell test (CCT) system. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was constructed and adopted to analyze the scanning images. The correlation between HPV infection and pathological type, clinical stage, tissue differentiation degree, and CA125 in serum was studied by exponential distribution mathematical model. The results showed that the positive rate of HPV infection in the ovarian tissues of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Highly differentiated patients accounted for 25.97%, moderately differentiated patients accounted for 43.81%, and lowly differentiated patients accounted for 30.22%. Patients with clinical stage I-II accounted for 24.72%, patients with stage III accounted for 49.11%, and patients with stage IV accounted for 26.17%. HPV infection was significantly correlated with clinical stage III and moderate tissue differentiation by MRI of patients (P < 0.05), and extremely significantly correlated with clinical stage IV and low tissue differentiation by MRI (P < 0.001). The above findings show that the information technology of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can clearly display the lesion metastasis of ovarian epithelial cancer patients with high soft tissue resolution.

Detection of human papillomavirus high-risk genotypes in rural women of Lucknow, North India.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been widely implicated in cervical carcinogenesis and 90% of carcinoma cervix cases are due to high-risk HPV infection. This study was done to find the high-risk HPV genotypes in the rural women of Lucknow, North India. HPV-DNA testing has been carried out in 130 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of the cervix to find HPV status and type of high-risk HPV genotype infecting the rural women. These cases were collected from the rural cervical cancer screening program carried out in the villages of West Lucknow, North India. HPV status in 130 SIL cases revealed HPV positivity in only 17 cases (13.1%), whereas the remaining 113 cases were HPV negative (86.9%). HPV genotypes detected in the study were HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-35. HPV positivity was found highly associated with the young and sexually active group of women complaining of vaginal discharge. High HPV infection rate was also seen with multiparity and illiteracy as majority of women attending the camps were multiparous and illiterate. The present study revealed highly oncogenic HPV-18 alone or in combination with multiple infections of high-risk genotypes - 31, 33, and 35 - in the rural women of Lucknow, North India. Since HPV vaccine currently available in India is for HPV-16 and HPV-18 combined, efforts should be made to make region-specific vaccine according to their prevalence in that particular state of the country to provide effective HPV vaccination.

The role of ultrasound elastography and virtual touch tissue imaging in the personalized prediction of lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.

This study examined the effects of different ultrasound imaging technologies in the identification and prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer. It also investigated the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and axillary lymph node metastasis. Eighty-five female patients diagnosed with breast masses participated in this study. Each patient underwent a conventional ultrasound, ultrasonic elastography, and virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ). The differential diagnosis efficiency of a conventional ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, VTIQ, and ultrasound elastography combined with VTIQ technology was compared with a pathological diagnosis, which represents the gold standard. 85 axillary lymph node tissues and 25 normal breast tissues were used to detect HPV positive infection rate differences in different tissues. The results showed that metastatic lymph nodes and reactive lymph node hyperplasia accounted for 54.12% and 45.88% of the 85 axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer, respectively. The conventional ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, and VTIQ scores of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher than those of reactive lymph node hyperplasia (P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity (Se) (91.30%), specificity (Sp) (92.31%), accuracy (Ac) (91.76%), positive predictive value (PPV) (93.33%), and negative predictive value (NPV) (90.00%) of ultrasound elastography combined with VTIQ technology were the highest among the diagnostic efficiency test results of different computer ultrasound imaging technologies. The positive infection rate of HPV in metastatic lymph node tissues was significantly higher than that in reactive lymph node hyperplasia and normal breast tissues (P<0.05). Combining ultrasound elastography with VTIQ technology has high value in the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer. Further, it appears that HPV infection may have an etiological role in lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Detection of human papillomavirus infection in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma using droplet digital PCR and its correlation with prognosis

ABSTRACT Objective To use droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx (SCCLHP) and to analyze its association with the prognosis of patients with HPV. Methods We used ddPCR for HPV detection in 114 patients with SCCLHP; clinical data were collected, and the patients were followed-up for prognosis analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to complete the analysis of risk factors. This clinical study was registered (clinical trial registration no. ChiCTR2000033032). Result Of the total cases, 15.79% (18/114) were HPV-positive and 8 (8/18, 44.4%) patients had tumors with HPV-16. There was a significant correlation between HPV-16 and the T classification and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) (P = 0.025 and 0.036, respectively). The 3-year overall survival rates in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients were 39.8% and 48.6% (P = 0.776), respectively. In the univariate analysis, HPV infection was not associated with the relative risk of progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.109, P = 0.778). Patients with laryngeal carcinoma (HR = 1.805, P = 0.037), no alcohol consumption (HR = 0.430, P = 0.009), well-differentiated tumors (HR = 2.570, p = 0.006), TNM I–II (HR = 2.482, P = 0.003), and no lymph node metastasis (HR = 2.615, P = 0.001) had better prognoses. In the multivariate analysis, tumor location (HR = 3.044, P = 0.001), alcohol consumption (HR = 0.474, P = 0.022), tumor differentiation (HR = 2.131, P = 0.030), and lymph node metastasis (HR = 4.179, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of better overall survival in SCCLHP. Conclusion ddPCR is an advanced technology that can accurately diagnose HPV infection with high specificity and sensitivity. The HPV infection rate in SCCLHP was low, and there was no significant difference in the prognosis of SCCLHP.

Effectiveness of a universal vaccination program with an HPV quadrivalent vaccine in young Brazilian women

We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness in a nationwide sample of women aged 16 to 25 years who utilized the public health system in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, multicentric survey conducted between September 2016 and November 2017 (POP-Brazil Study). A total of 5,945 young adult women were recruited from 119 public primary care units from all 27 federative units of Brazil by trained health professionals. The participants participated in a face-to-face interview and provided biological samples for genital HPV analysis. HPV genotyping was performed using a Linear Array HPV genotyping test in a central laboratory. Sampling weights were applied to the data. Overall, 11.92% (95% CI 10.65, 13.20) of the participants reported having been vaccinated. The frequency of vaccination was highest in 16- to 17-year-old women, with a decreasing vaccination rate with increasing age, and vaccinated women were more likely to belong to the high socioeconomic status group. The use of a quadrivalent vaccine decreased the HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by 56.78%, from 15.64% in unvaccinated women to 6.76% in vaccinated women (P < 0.01), even after adjustment for age. Those who received the vaccine had lower HPV 16 (2.34% in vaccinated vs 8.91% in unvaccinated, P < 0.01) and 6 rates (2.06% vs 5.77%, P < 0.01). Additionally, a higher rate of high-risk HPV types other than HPV 16 and 18 (40.47% in vaccinated vs 32.63% in unvaccinated, P < 0.01) was observed. In conclusion, the results of this study support the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in Brazil. Continuous surveillance must be assured to monitor the HPV infection rate in the vaccination era.

Human papillomavirus infection rate, distribution characteristics, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women

BackgroundThe incidence rate of cervical cancer is increasing yearly. The persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor leading to cervical cancer. HPV infection is double peak type. This study aimed at analyzing the HPV distribution characteristics, infection rate, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women. So as to provide reference for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer screening strategy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4614 women who underwent cervical cytology, and HPV examination from January 2018 to October 2019 at the healthcare department of Wuhan Union Hospital was done. We explored the characteristics and distribution of HPV infections around the menopause, then comparing the infection rate of HPV in postmenopause and over 65 years old, in order to analyze the influence of different ages on HPV infection.ResultsGenerally, the HPV infection rate was 13.10% (539/4115), whereby the high-risk subtype constituted 73.84% (398/539) of all positive cases. On the other hand, the HPV39 infection was more common in postmenopausal women; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the other types in the pre- and postmenopausal women. The first four types were 52/53/58/16. The results further showed that the rates of HPV infection before and after menopause were 12.34% (367/2975) and 15.09% (172/1140), respectively, which had no significant difference (P = 0.056), but more susceptible to high-risk HPV infection after the age of 65 (P = 0.041). Except for 40 years old to menopause, the infection rate of high-risk HPV in this age group was different from that in postmenopause (P = 0.023, 0.729 (0.555, 0.957)), other age groups had no significant effect on high-risk HPV infection.ConclusionsIt was concluded that whether menopause has nothing to do with HPV infection. Moreover, the risk of high-risk HPV infection in women aged 40 to premenopausal is relatively low, but the infection rate increases after 65. Hence the cutoff screening age should be appropriately prolonged.

Investigation and Follow-up of HPV Infection on Married Mongolian Women in Hulunbuir.

The aim of the study was to determine the high-risk factors of Mongolian human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Hulunbuir area and to explore the guiding role of HPV16 viral load change in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1). The HPV qualitative results of 963 married women of Mongolian nationality aged 21 - 65 were screened using real-time PCR in the Hulunbeir area, logistic analysis statistics was used to judge the high-risk factors of infection, and the χ2 test was the analysis method of the count data; hybrid capture was used. II technology was used to detect the changes of HPV DNA content of CIN I outpatients before treatment, 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment. At the same time the change trend of vaginal secretions and thinprep cytologic test (TCT) was observed. The measurement data between the two groups by was compared using t-test. The positive rate of HPV infection was 22.31% in Mongolian married women in Hulunbuir area. Drinking habits and the number of sexual partners were the common infection factors of all high-risk types. Infection factors of HPV16, 18, and other high-risk types also included number of marriages. There was a significant difference between the content of HPV DNA in CIN I patients before treatment and the two groups at 12 and 18 months after treatment (p < 0.05). The number of patients with degree III or IV of cleanliness and TCT showed that the number of patients with low-grade atypical hyperplasia decreased with the treatment time, which was consistent with the change of HPV DNA content. In the Hulunbuir area, the number of Mongolian women with HPV infection is higher than that of the Han nationality, so we should strengthen the popularization and propaganda of the knowledge about HPV infection in the Mongolian population settlement. The change of DNA content of high-risk HPV can be used as the observation index of CIN I treatment evaluation.

Different Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus between Cervical and Esophageal Cancers: A Study in Both High-Incidence Areas, Xinjiang, China.

The aim of this study is to reveal the certain human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution between cervical cancer and esophageal cancer in the both high-incidence geographic regions. For this study, we collected and detected the infection of HPV in 120 paraffin-embedded esophageal tissues and 152 paraffin-embedded cervical tissues, respectively. The esophageal tissues include 40 normal epithelium (ENOR), 26 dysplasia (DYS), and 54 invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The cervical tissues consisted of 40 normal epithelium (CNOR), 53 intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 59 invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Both esophageal and cervical tissues collected in this study came from the same area, in which both the ESCC and CSCC were in high incidence, Xinjiang province, China. HPV GenoArray test kits were served to analyze the HPV infection. The result shows that among the 59 CSCC tissues, the total infection rate of HPV was 98.3% (58/59). The positive rate of HPV-16 infection was 63.8% (37/58). It indicated that HPV-16 is the most common infection among all of the high-risk HPV. The multiple infection rate was 19.0% (11/58). Among the 54 ESCC, a total of 7 genotypes were detected. The total infection rate of HPV was 61.1% (33/54). The positive rate of HPV-16 infection was 63.6% (21/33). The multiple infection rate was 6.1% (2/33). Our result shows that high-risk-type HPV-16 was associated with both cervical cancer and esophageal cancer, which play a role in the high-incidence area in Xinjiang. We hope that our results could point out the direction for the treatment strategy of HPV-associated cancer, cervical cancer, and esophageal cancer and for the application of HPV vaccines in the future.