Adansonia digitata (Baobab) is a large, iconic tree with rich medicinal and nutritional values and its parts are used to treat various ailments. The leaves, which are edible, serve as food. In addition to its dietary use, studies on its anti-cancer properties and the specialised metabolites responsible for those properties are limited. Therefore, this study aims to characterise the anticancer properties and chemical constituents of A. digitata L. leaves. The activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against mouse fibroblast (L929), human gastric (AGS) and osteosarcoma (MG-63) cancer cell lines using an in-vitro MTT assay. A Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of A. digitata extract. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was employed to identify the major chemical constituents. The in-vitro MTT assay showed that the extract has anticancer potential by sensitising cell proliferation, as the IC50 values for mouse L929, AGS and MG-63 were obtained as 2923 ± 4.504, 190.9 ± 10.81 and 1834 ± 6.194 µg/mL, respectively. BSLA elicited that there was no lethality found up to 100 µg/mL. The LC-MS analysis showed the presence of catechin, vitexin, kaempherol glycoside, rutin, and other phytocompounds. Overall, this study indicated that the potential anticancer activity of the plant extract of A. digitata against AGS cell lines, in addition to its dietary use, may be significantly influenced by its specialised metabolites.