Loss Of Human Life Research Articles

Concept of Vaccination and Immunization in Islam and Contemporary Law

Vaccine hesitancy is growing day by day in countries like Pakistan, as a result, it has led to unnecessary suffering and loss of human life. Vaccination is a medical process where a vaccine is administrated to activate the immune system offering protection against specific diseases, while immunization refers to the process through which an individual develops immunity to a particular disease after receiving the vaccine, to minimize the chances of contracting an infection and its associated complications. Islamic jurisprudence emphasizes the principles of preserving human life and promoting public health. Vaccination falls under the Islamic concept of “public interest” (Maslaha) and the duty to safeguard the broader community by preventing the spread of contagious diseases. Vaccination contributes to the welfare of society, aligning with the core values of compassion and social responsibility. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stressed the importance of seeking medical treatment when ill, reinforcing the value of healthcare in Islam. Whereas, contemporary laws, including international agreements like the International Covenant Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), require states to support vaccination and uphold the entitlement to the highest achievable level of health and the benefits of scientific progress. This paper explored the legality of vaccination and immunization and precautionary medical measures in Islamic law and Contemporary law. It highlighted the need for respectful dialogues and policy measures that respect both personal autonomy and the broader public health imperative. For the study, the doctrinal research methodology has been adopted. The researcher has embraced both primary, and secondary sources, scholarly articles, and Journals of Islamic and contemporary law to gather the relevant data.

Potential of mRNA therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), alarmed the global community due to the significant loss of human lives during the pandemic. However, as the saying goes, every cloud has a silver lining. A positive aspect of this recent pandemic has been that it stimulated scientists to create vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, accelerating the emergence of new therapeutic agents based on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Numerous mRNA therapeutic products are currently in development, with dozens at various clinical trial stages. These products have facilitated significant changes in the paradigm of medical therapy, including the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although most of these cardiovascular mRNA therapeutics are still in preclinical development, phase IIa trials for myocardial ischemia therapy have already been completed with encouraging results. The scope of mRNA therapy for CVD is extremely broad, potentially even limitless, with ongoing research including conditions like myocardial ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypercholesterolemia, and occlusive arterial diseases. Moreover, mRNA can be used to enhance the effectiveness of cell therapies. In the future, researchers predict that mRNA therapies will not only replace some existing biopharmaceuticals and pharmacotherapy methods but also be applied to treat previously considered untreatable cardiovascular diseases.

Design, construction, and supervision issues: Altos del Lago building, a case study

The collapse or evacuation of residential buildings due to not withstanding gravitational loads has caused not only loss of human lives but also economic damages. They are also a significant detriment to the engineering profession’s reputation. Therefore, it is essential for the engineering community to analyze the causes of these failures and document each case to learn from mistakes and prevent them from happening again. In recent years, construction has increased considerably in developing countries such as Colombia. Reinforced concrete construction is often preferred due to faster material supply and availability of labor compared to steel structures. With this increase in construction, work control has not been adequate, and problems have been founded in some buildings in cities such as Medellin, Cartagena, Rionegro, among others. This paper summarizes the aspects that were taken into account for the study of pathology and vulnerability of a 19-story reinforced concrete building in the municipality of Rionegro, Antioquia, which, due to the findings, had to be subsequently demolished. The analyzes carried out along with field and laboratory studies are presented. Some of the aspects found were incorrect analysis and design criteria, poor quality of materials, and poor aspects of supervision. This paper also aims to make a reflection about some bad practices and common errors that are developed in structural engineering consulting firms, as well as in the construction practice.

Redesigning the Fuse Plug, Emergency Spillway, and Flood Warning System: An Application of Flood Management

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), floods are one of the most important natural disasters in the world, resulting in the severe loss of human lives and intense destruction of infrastructure. The frequent floods in recent decades have caused most parts of Iran to be affected by periodic and destructive floods. Consequently, the casualties and financial losses of floods have increased significantly. The present study aims to investigate redesigning the fuse plug, emergency overflow, and flood system at Ramshir Dam, Iran. In this regard, using a two-dimensional mathematical model, floods with a return period of 10 and 100 years with different scenarios have been investigated. Four scenarios were analyzed, including the current situation, flood channel dredging scenario, flood channel overhaul scenario, and flood channel overhaul scenario with reservoir dredging. The results show the following: (1) The flood channel in its current state cannot even discharge flows lower than the design, i.e., 1400 m3/s, and the flow overflows from the embankments on its sides. (2) Also, the reservoir dredging prevents the failure of the second fuse plug in the 100-year return period (flow rate 4370 m3/s). (3) Discharge more than 2400 m3/s cubic meters led to the activation of the first fuse plug. (4) The present research findings are of particular and essential importance in flood management. (5) The results of this research were based on the rehabilitation and simulation of the diversion dam facilities in the control and conveyance of flood and on three factors of spillway, flood channel, and flood plain, and the correct function of the fuse plug was reviewed.

Evacuation of a person in the event of an emergency at the nuclear fatality

Emergency planning is a set of measures and procedures for detecting and combating accidents or incidents at nuclear facilities. It is also intended for detecting, mitigating and eliminating the consequences of releases of radioactive substances into the environment during the handling of nuclear materials, radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel and during the transport of radioactive materials, and ensuring the collective protection of the population. The evacuation of persons is an issue that has been closely and directly linked to the civil protection of the population and the system of protection against accidents and fires for a long time. In the field of protection against the effects of accidents and fires, the legislative term evacuation of persons is used. In the field of crisis management, legal regulations work with the term evacuation of the population. The population means all persons in places threatened by an emergency, with the exception of persons who will participate in rescue work, manage the evacuation, or perform other activities related to eliminating the consequences of the emergency. In many situations, evacuation of persons is a necessary process that can prevent loss of human life threats to health and the environment. The evacuation process is modified in practical applications into a number of different forms. The standard procedure, which involves quickly leaving the endangered area in the event of an emergency, does not fully express evacuation in its entirety. This mainly concerns evacuation processes associated with the threat of radioactive substances.

Research on Fire Smoke Traceability Based on Emotional Intelligence Jaya Algorithm

To timely detect fire smoke in the early stages and trace the gas generated, thereby reducing the loss of human life and property and the damage to the ecological environment, this paper proposes a fire smoke tracing method based on the Emotional Intelligence Jaya algorithm (EIJaya). The algorithm assigns an anthropomorphic mental state to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the traceability task to realize its self-evaluation and social evaluation. In the simulation concentration field, the EIJaya algorithm, the basic Jaya algorithm, and the PSO algorithm were used for the simulation verification of gas traceability, and the simulation results proved the advantages of the EIJaya algorithm in terms of the success rate and the iteration times. In this paper, the TT UAV is chosen as an experimental tool to utilize the functions of its expansion module fully, and the experimental hardware system was constructed by combining it with the corresponding sensors. The corresponding experimental scene was built in the indoor environment, and the EIJaya algorithm was used to make multiple UAVs cooperate and carry out traceability experiments, which verified the algorithm's feasibility in practical applications and proved that the algorithm could quickly and accurately trace the fire smoke.

The Cambodian Genocide: Historical Knowledge and Development among Second and Third-Generation Democratic Kampuchean Regime Survivors

International ideas about education and development, promoted in Cambodia by financial donors such as the World Bank, influence how the second and third generations of Cambodian genocide survivors interpret their reality and history. They believe that the destruction of the education system and the almost total massacre of educated people during the genocide (1975 to 1979) slowed down the country’s development. Young people often perceive the loss of human life as a loss of resources. In this article, I argue that this perception of people as resources is what bridges development, education and the history of Democratic Kampuchea. The historical interpretations among young people are similar to the interpretations advocated by Cambodian politicians, and resonate with the World Bank’s ideas on development.

Constitutionalisation of the Right to Abortion

Enshrining the right to abortion in the constitution represented an ideal in many states that faced this issue or restrictions that led to the loss of human life. The phenomenon gained momentum in the European space after the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health (Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 2022). I mentioned the decision, by which the Court annulled the right to abortion, offering the possibility to waive this right to the national authorities. The rise of extremist religious groups in the European space made the right to abortion a controversial subject, which is why the phenomenon was left to the discretion of the national state from a decision-making perspective. However, in the EU, the European Parliament alerted in time the threats posed to the rights to abortion requesting that this right be introduced in the EU Convention of Rights (European Parliament Resolution, 2022; European Parliament Resolution, 2024). Rounding off the decision to implement the right to abortion in the constitution generated at the national level a real debate for and against, which in the European space ended with some changes such as states that have adopted this right: France (French legislative proposal no. 293, 2023), Belgium (Parl. doc. 55 2832/001 (2021-2022), Norway, and Sweden (Press release Department of Justice, 2023). Against this reaction, legal experts questioned the necessity, adequacy and added value of the constitutionalisation (Dobner M. Loughlin, 2010) of a right to abortion in European-national contexts.

Modeling Covid-19 Virus after Lifting Preventive Measures: A Case Study of Kisii County

Purpose: This research is about a new COVID-19 SIR model containing three classes; susceptible S(t), infected I(t), and recovered R(t) with the convex incident rate. Methodology: The NCOVID-19 model was formulated in the following system, the whole population N(t) was divided into three classes S(t), I(t), and R(t), which represented Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered compartments in the form of differential equations. Lyapunov functions were used to validate the stability of the equilibrium of the ordinary differential equations, linearization of the system was also done using Jacobian matrices by finding the derivatives of f(x) for x. Findings: Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The people infected by COVID-19 experience mild respiratory problems such as; Fever, dry cough, throat infection, and fatigue. People may also have symptoms such as nasal infection, aches, and sore throat. The pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life in Kenya, Africa, and the whole world as it presents an unprecedented challenge to public health, food systems, and the world of work. This case study seeks to model covid-19 virus after lifting preventive measures with a major focus on Kisii County, the subject model was presented in the form of differential equations and the disease-free and endemic equilibrium was calculated for the model. Also, the basic reproduction number R0 = 0.7831 was calculated and the disease-free equilibrium was found to be asymptotically stable meaning that the virus could be eliminated from the population, this showed that the county government of Kisii was in good control of the COVID-19 situation., in addition, The global stability of the model was calculated using the Lyapunov function construction while the Local stability was calculated using the Jacobian matrices. The numerical solutions were calculated using the non-standard finite difference scheme (NFDS) and MATLAB software. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study has laid a foundation for future research in the area. In the future, a study that can include the rate of COVID-19 virus mutation and its impacts is recommended.

Analysis of the climatic effects on the stability of a tailings dam

Tailings dams are structures of significant economic and environmental importance in the Brazilian territory. These structures play the fundamental role of containing tailings, which consist of water and waste resulting from regional mining activity. The release of this material into nature results in serious environmental consequences. Additionally, in situations of dam rupture, downstream populations are subject to direct losses from the generated flood wave and indirect damages due to contamination of the groundwater that supplies nearby cities.These structures have become the focus of more detailed investigations due to the increasing frequency of incidents and accidents. Recently, Brazil witnessed two significant disasters that resulted in substantial loss of human life and considerable environmental damage: the collapse of Barragem I at the Mina de Feijão in Brumadinho and the Fundão Dam disaster in Mariana, both located in the state of Minas Gerais.Because of these two incidents of great magnitude, the analysis of mining dam stability and constant surveillance of these structures have become the focus of detailed investigations. Such analyses consider various factors, going beyond the consideration of the structure's geometry and the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil, also the evaluation of water presence in the dam through a flow analysis. The study of water presence in the dam is highlighted because it is closely related to the assessment of susceptibility to liquefaction, which was the main cause of the incidents in Mariana and Brumadinho.Based on this, the present study aims to analyze the impact of precipitation on the stability of a mining dam. For this purpose, Plaxis 2D for numerical modeling will be employed, through which models will consider climate effects such as rainfall and evapotranspiration to obtain the desired results. The results will be presented in terms of the safety factor over time. The variation in stability resulting from climatic fluctuations will be studied.

Antiviral Medications: Unravelling their Significance in Context to COVID-19

Abstract: Viruses represent a significant health menace due to their rapid transmissibility and potential to cause worldwide pandemics, resulting in substantial loss of human life. Antiviral agents play a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of viral infections. Nonetheless, treating viral infections is a multifaceted process due to the inherent characteristics of viruses, such as their capacity to undergo mutations and rapid evolution. Consequently, the effectiveness of current antiviral therapies can be impeded. This review encompasses the diverse manners in which viruses, emphasizing COVID-19, affect the human body and elucidates the challenges encountered in formulating efficacious antiviral treatments. Moreover, the limitations of conventional antiviral therapies are underscored. Additionally, a comprehensive compendium of 41 antiviral drugs is presented, detailing their mechanisms of action and routes of administration. Subsequently, the discussion includes 9 drugs repurposed for treating COVID-19, delineating their primary use as well as any accompanying side effects. In conclusion, while antiviral drugs remain pivotal in the battle against viral infections, the obstacles associated with their development and usage warrant careful consideration. Ongoing research is imperative to devise more potent and less toxic antiviral interventions against COVID-19 infection.

The Risk of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in India as a Growing Health Concern.

Every year witnesses an outbreak of some or the other zoonotic disease that causes the unparalled loss of human life. The year 2022 presented the outbreak of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), which brought unprecedented challenges to individuals as well as to the healthcare system all around the world, making it a serious health concern. Rising health concerns have highlighted the importance of managing and decreasing the further transmission of the CCHF virus. CCHF is one of tick-borne viral diseases, which spreads due to various reasons like changes in global warming, environmental influences, and other ecological factors. All these factors somehow impact the disease prevalence. This disease has a negative impact on both humans and livestock. The diverse climate and significant livestock population of India make it susceptible to the prevalence of CCHF. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to develop some strategies in order to tackle the challenges posed by CCHF. This article includes all the cases of CCHF that have occurred in India from the year 2011, along with the fatality rates associated with this disease. Also this study discusses the need to explore some specific drugs for the management and prevention of such diseases. In addition, the pathogenesis of the disease progression, along with some protective measures suggested by the government has been described for prevention of CCHF. Subsequently, this article attempted to draw attention towards the risk that may be posed by CCHF in the coming scenario, emphasizing the importance of taking proactive measures in anticipation of such risks.

Solution to the Breach of the Dike of Keur Bara KAIRE, Located in the Commune of Notto Diobasse in the Department of Thiès, Senegal

This article studies the rupture of the Keur Bara KAIRE dike, located in the commune of Notto Diobasse in the department of Thiès in Senegal. The village is crossed by a stream which collects rainwater from the west to the east, following a natural slope. The overflow of this stream causes serious flooding, leading to the total cutting of the road and the isolation of the population. These floods had tragic consequences, resulting in two losses of human life. To regulate the water level, prevent flooding and protect agricultural and urban areas from overflows, the Senegalese authorities initiated the project to build the Keur Bara KAIRE dike in 2004, unfortunately the latter gave way in 2017. The geotechnical analysis was carried out on samples taken from various points on the site, revealing that the terrain is mainly composed of fine sand and the embankment is made with clayey sand. Morphometric and hydrological investigations highlight that the watershed of the Keur Bara KAIRE dike covers an area of 3.72 km², with a projected flow of 54.99 m³/s. The resizing of the dike revealed the following data: a length of 132 meters and a height of 3 meters. The spillway is 52.99 meters long with a reservoir height of 1.22 meters. The bay walls have a thickness of 50 cm and the embankments have a slope of ½ upstream and downstream. The stability calculation on the broken dike reveals a sliding safety factor (FSG) of 1.84 which complies with the standard and an overturning safety factor (FSR) of 0.13 which is not verified. The surface of the watershed which is equal to 3.72 km², also the smallest height of precipitation is equal to 234.9 mm and the largest 664.4 mm, the ORSTOM and CIEH methods for hydraulic calculations.

Water Surface Garbage Cleaning Mechanism

The proposed " Water Surface Garbage Cleaning Mechanism " aims to replace manual gutter cleaning with an automated solution to prevent blockages and enhance waste disposal efficiency. Mechanical evacuation plays a vital role in domestic and industrial applications, but clearing sewage blockages often poses risks, including loss of human life. This system promotes environmental protection by managing waste and preventing hazards like water pollution, flooding, and even climate change. By removing garbage from drainage systems, it prevents blockages and avoids the accumulation of waste in residential areas. The automated system is designed to filter out wastes like plastics and bottles from water flow, ensuring efficient disposal and minimizing human intervention, thereby enhancing safety and sustainability.

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

BackgroundAs of 3 March 2023, Madagascar had reported 1,422 deaths from COVID-19. Up to now, there hasn't been a study to estimate the Total Present Value of Human Life lost TPVHLMADAGASCAR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left({TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}\\right)$$\\end{document}, productivity losses, and potential productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination for use in advocacy. The study reported in this paper aimed to fill these information gaps.MethodsThe Human Capital Model (HCM) was used to estimate the TPVHLMADAGASCAR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$$\\end{document}, which is the sum of the discounted value of human life losses among individuals in seven different age groups. The Present Value of Human Life for each age group PVHLi\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left({PVHL}_{i}\\right)$$\\end{document} was calculated by multiplying the discount factor, the undiscounted years of life, the non-health gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and the number of COVID-19 deaths in that age group.To test the robustness of the results, the HCM was rerun five times, assuming (i) a 5% discount rate, (ii) a 10% discount rate, (iii) Africa’s highest average life expectancy at birth of 78.76 years, (iv) the world's highest life expectancy of 88.17 years, (v) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66 deaths as of 3 March 2023 in Madagascar, and assuming different levels of vaccine coverage: 100%, 70%, 60.93%, and 8.266%.ResultsThe 1,422 human lives lost due to COVID-19 had a TPVHLMADAGASCAR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$$\\end{document} of Int$ 46,331,412; and an average of Int$ 32,582 per human life. Re-estimation of the HCM, using (i) discount rates of 5% and 10% reduced TPVHLMADAGASCAR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$$\\end{document} by 23% and 53%, respectively; (ii) average life expectancies of 78.76 years and 88.17 years increased TPVHLMADAGASCAR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$$\\end{document} by 23.7% and 39.5%, respectively; (iii) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66 augmented TPVHLMADAGASCAR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$$\\end{document} by 703%. Furthermore, it is estimated that vaccinating 70% of the target population could potentially save the country Int$ 1.1 billion, equivalent to 1.94% of the GDP.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant health and productivity losses for Madagascar. Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination coverage for the target population could substantially reduce these losses.

Death and mourning in times of COVID-19. The experience of Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa

The paper deals with the effects of the regulations and restrictions on the handling of corpses and funerals among Zimbabwean migrant families who lost relatives in South Africa during the COVID-19 epidemic in the years 2020 and 2021. Interviews were conducted with members of this migrant community. The interviews revealed a range of affective and material dimensions entangled in these multiple losses, highlighting therefore experiences of truncated grief. Restrictions on funerals and burials forced immobility on the living and their dead; on bereaved communities, themselves and their corpses are forms of biopower that multiplied losses among cross-border migrant communities. The loss of autonomy of communities around death rituals and burial places constitute realms where the materiality of death is revealed. I look at both the loss of human life and the emotional losses associated with the limitations imposed on the dead body under COVID-19.

Highly Sensitive Sars-Cov-2 Detection Using Au-Functionalized Laser-Induced Graphene Sensors

The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a drastic loss of human life and presented unprecedented challenges to global health, society, and the economy. Developing highly sensitive diagnostics for early detection of the infection is crucial in controlling the disease’s spread. Conventional polymerase chain reaction tests, while accurate, are relatively slow, expensive, and require trained personnel, causing strain on healthcare systems as they struggled to meet testing demands1. Electrochemical sensors offer advantages over traditional diagnostic methods including lower production cost, ease of use, real time analysis, and high sensitivity. Recently, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has gained significant attention in electrochemical sensing for its high surface area and excellent electron transfer properties. Various graphene modification methods have been used in developing electrochemical sensors, including Au-NP functionalization, choice of cross-linkers, and incubation parameters such as humidity, temperature, and duration; however, a systematic, concurrent comparison of these functionalization parameters is missing.In this work, through a comprehensive investigation of various functionalization steps, we developed electrochemical sensors based on Au-functionalized laser induced graphene (LIG) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 with an outstanding limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 ag/mL. To optimize the sensors, we explored the functionalization of LIG with Au-NPs via direct laser processing. The porous structure of LIG increases the surface area available for electrochemical reactions and protein immobilization, enhancing its effectiveness for sensing applications2. We showed that functionalization of the working electrode LIG with Au-NPs improves the electrochemically active surface area by ~4.5-fold compared to the geometric area. We also investigated the impact of different crosslinkers and showed that PBA/Sulfo-NHS/EDC cross-linker improves the sensitivity and LOD significantly compared to PBASE. Additionally, we studied the effect of antigen mixing, showing that sensitivity and LOD improve by more than 1.6-fold and 5.5-fold using pipette mixing compared to static mixing. The incubation condition is also optimized. Moreover, the sensors exhibit excellent selectivity against other viruses, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and influenza H5N1. To show the diagnostic ability for analysis of real samples, the sensor performance in spiked saliva is also demonstrated.The insights gained from this study on graphene modification for SARS-CoV-2 detection may help optimize the fabrication of other graphene-based electrochemical sensors for detecting a variety of bioanalytes based on immobilization of biorecognition molecules. References Teymouri, “Recent advances and challenges of RT-PCR tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19,” Pathology - Research and Practice, vol. 221, p. 153443, 2021J. Lin et al., “Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers,” Nature Communications, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 5714,2014

Life insurance contract, financial protection tool for heirs and their right to collect compensation

When we have a family, children and spouse who are financially dependent on us, life insurance is an essential tool in ensuring the family's financial security if we can no longer contribute to the family's income when death occurs. Opting for financial protection through a life insurance policy is a wise and responsible decision to provide financial protection for loved ones in the event of a tragedy, providing them with financial resources to meet current expenses, debts or other obligations if we can no longer contribute financially. When various unforeseeable events occur, affecting the activity of our loved ones and implicitly their income, through life insurance, the need for life protection takes the form of financial protection for our dependents or designated beneficiaries in the event of death from any cause. The predominant reasons for taking out a life insurance policy are to protect the family's financial future. Another reason would be income replacement in the event of the death of the insured and the daily needs of the family can be partially or fully covered. The purpose of this study is to highlight the fact that in the event of unforeseen situations beyond human control and loss of life, financial protection of the family should become a priority for people and as immediate measures, legislative measures as well as tax incentives are needed to encourage citizens to access such contracts in order to prevent economic vulnerability among heirs.

Aplicación de redes neuronales artificiales a la modelación de lluvia-escorrentía en la cuenca del río Chancay Lambayeque

Between the months of December to April, regions of northern Peru, including Lambayeque, are affected by maximum extreme events, wreaking havoc on homes, flooding crop fields, collapsing hydraulic works, and the most irreparable loss of human lives. In this line, the objective of this research was to apply Artificial Neural Networks to rain-runoff modeling in a basin in northern Peru, namely, the Chancay Lambayeque river basin belonging to the Pacific slope. For this purpose, records of precipitation and flows of 30 years (hydrological normal) were collected from 12 hydrometeorological stations belonging to the basin and neighboring it. Thus, applying a model of Long and Short Term Memory Networks (LSTM) we proceeded to model the rain, seeking to follow the behavior of the flows observed in the Racarrumi hydrometric station, with 80 % of the information the model was trained and with 20 % it was validated. In short, it was obtained that in the modeling validation stage, the Nash coefficient was 0.93, corresponding to the qualifier "very good".

Understanding labour exploitation as a social determinant of health in migrant populations – insights from the Danish population-based registers

Abstract Despite recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Qatar world cup drawing attention to the significant loss of human lives of labour migrants in precarious working conditions, evidence on the comparative mortality of migrant workers remains sparse and inconsistent. Studying the comparative mortality of migrant workers with local workers is challenging for several reasons. Data on migrants’ employment conditions and health outcomes are often incomplete, and when available captured in separate databases. In addition, there is a need to disentangle the healthy migrant effect from the healthy worker effect, which presents challenges in the selection of reference populations and temporality when studying mortality of migrants. In view of such challenges, Denmark provides an ideal context to study labour migration and mortality. The Danish population-based registers offer linked longitudinal data on migrants’ employment history and mortality outcomes. Denmark’s migrant integration policy also has a history of weaving immigration and labour policies, and migrants in Denmark continue to be prone to labour exploitation in high-risk industries such as construction and agriculture. This presentation shall use Denmark as a case study to compare the mortality outcomes of migrant workers with Danish workers to better understand labour exploitation as a social determinant of health.