Human Interface Design Research Articles

初めての製品使用時のユーザ行動モデルによるヒューマンインタフェイス設計原則の意味あいについて

初めての製品使用時のユーザ行動モデルによるヒューマンインタフェイス設計原則の意味あいについて

An intelligent multimedia human interface for highly automated combined-cycle plants

This paper discusses a human interface design concept and describes an actual design example of the latest application in a field of combined-cycle power-generating plants. Recent new trends, such as the modernization of central control rooms, the introduction of flexible multiple-window displays, and the adoption of large projection screens, are considered to enhance the communication between a human operator and the computer system. After discussing functional requirements, human interface design principles and outstanding functions, the paper explains the concept of a rule-based process information navigator (PIN), and discusses the results of an evaluation of the total design of a human interface.

Designing Visual Interfaces

No abstract available.

Human Interface Design for Highly Automated Power Generating Plants

This paper discusses a human interface design concept and describes an actual design example of the latest application in a power generating plant. Recent new trends, such as modernization of central control rooms, introduction of flexible multiple windows display, and the adoption of large projection screen, are considered to enhance the communication between a human operator and the computer system. After discussing functional requirements, human interface design principles and outstanding functions, we propose a rule-based process information navigator (PIN) concept based on evolutional ergonomics.

Navigating on the Information Highway

The “information highway” is being created now, and the design task is monumental. Some of the most critical problems in designing a navigation environment have never been addressed before, and developers are demanding that either we (as human interface designers) supply answers now or they will make up their own answers. There is too little time and there are too few resources to fully explore interesting theoretical issues, and yet the results of such exploration (if on the right topics) could be critically important. This paper will review some of the practical design issues that Ameritech has identified as being important in defining a navigation environment, and approaches we have taken to those design issues. These approaches have been shaped by a lack of design guidance in some areas, and a finite set of resources (especially time). The paper will also identify directions where research would be useful, and time frames during which the results will still be valuable.

The Effects of Human Interface Design on Wrist Biomechanics during Scanning

Two window, or “bi-optic” scanners have ergonomic potential to minimize cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) among grocery checkers. However, not all checkers utilize both windows when scanning. Four, two window scanners were tested to see whether the number of windows used had an effect on wrist acceleration, one of the most predictive indicators of CTD risk. Out of 32 subjects, 14 used only one window while scanning. These subjects were seen to have significantly higher cumulative peak wrist accelerations than those subjects that used both windows. In addition, the productivity of the one window users was significantly lower than two window users. The results indicate that two window scanners can not only increase productivity, but can reduce the risk of CTDs. However, this will only occur if checkers appreciate and choose to use both windows in their scanning activity. The large number of subjects (14 out of 32) that only used one window when scanning indicates a serious human interface problem with these types of scanners. This paper identifies the need for better scanner designs that will indicate to the user the three-dimensional scan zone created by the two windows. The design should influence one to use both windows while scanning so that wrist motions will be reduced. Most importantly, this paper identifies the importance of the relationship between cognitive and biomechanical issues when approaching a human interface problem in a product's design.

The unfortunate human factor: A selective history of human factors for technical communicators

Human factors Is an important discipline for technical communicators to explore, but an examination of its historical bias toward the technological system and away from the user should be part of this exploration if we are to effectively use human factors methods in print and on‐line document development. Beginning with the advent of formal human factors in the early twentieth century, this essay reviews moments in the history of human factors that are especially relevant to technical communicators. The essay concludes with a discussion of human factors research that is most applicable to technical communications, specifically qualitative usability research, minimalism, and human activity interface design.

Maori word‐processing for indigenous New Zealand young children

AbstractWe argue that there is an important and as yet unmet need for software that allows each cultural group to express the written word in an indigenous character set. As an example, we present a word‐processing system, Ta Kupu, designed for use in teaching the Maori language to children. The program simplifies the input task by taking advantage of the structural features of the Maori language. The system also includes a data logging, evaluation, and analysis tool, Tirohia, that permits teachers to evaluate a child's familiarity with the word‐processor. The main features of the evaluation software include: the ability to replay a record of a child's interaction in real time; facilities for summarising a child's consistency of use and level of performance; and the capability of examining interaction log files at a fine‐grained level. We also address the application of these data logging and evaluation techniques to the areas of human factors research, interface design and interface evaluation.

Human Interface Design for Computer Aided Industrial Design System : Study on Methodology for Computer Aided Industrial Design

Human Interface Design for Computer Aided Industrial Design System : Study on Methodology for Computer Aided Industrial Design

EXOS research on the design of haptic interface and force reflective controller

EXOS had developed two state-of-the-art prototype master controllers for controlling robot hand and manipulators under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program with NASA. One of such devices is a two degree-of-freedom (DOF) sensory and force reflecting exoskeleton (SAFiRE) which is worn on the hand of a human operator. It measures the movement of the human finger and reflects the interaction forces between the slave robot hand and the environment back to the human finger. The second device is a position sensing Exoskeleton ArmMasterTM (EAM) that is worn on the human operator’s arm. This device simultaneously tracks the motions of the operator’s three DOF shoulder and two DOF elbow. Both of these devices are currently controlling robots at NASA. Currently, a five-fingered SAFiRE and a force reflecting EAM are being developed under two phase II NASA SBIR grants. This paper will include discussion of: (1) the design of the current prototypes, (2) phase II project objectives, (3) human haptic interface design issues that must be addressed, (4) progress to date in addressing these issues.

Data-Link Communication Between Controllers and Pilots: A Review and Synthesis of the Simulation Literature

Under its National Airspace System Modernization Plan, the Federal Aviation Administration intends to introduce digital data communication as a means of exchanging information between aircraft and ground-based facilities. Research on operational use of data-link technology has been underway for well over 10 years. From this work, potentially useful data exist that remain largely unexploited for purposes of operational development. This article reviews the simulation literature on data-link communication between controllers and pilots to synthesize a base of useful, generalizable knowledge. General effects of the data-link technology on the volume, speed, and timing of air traffic control communications are analyzed for their operational significance. The analytic framework depicts data-link effectiveness as interdependent with operational context, procedures and applications, and human-interface design. Current research leaves many questions unanswered but consistently indicates that the combination of vo...

EVA: an experimental video annotator for symbolic analysis of video data

There is a joke about the man who has a map of the world ... with a scale of 1 mile to 1 mile. Sometimes video has the same character; it can be difficult to compress in useful ways. Sometimes you have to see all of it to understand any of it. Even so, the use of video as a research tool has been increasing rapidly, due partly to the reduction in equipment costs and partly to increased work in the areas of human factors and user interface design. This paper describes some of the issues surrounding capturing, recording, analyzing and presenting video data and describes a prototype system, called EVA, that is designed to address some of these issues.

Electronic Mock-up Process and Application to Video Data Terminal System : A Basis for Human Interface Study and Design Development (2)

Electronic Mock-up Process and Application to Video Data Terminal System : A Basis for Human Interface Study and Design Development (2)

TOOLS FOR INTERACTIVE SYSTEM DESIGN

Our interface development project describes several unique requirements for the human-computer interface for situations where one or more expert systems are integrated into a process environment. Our prototype for the Human Interface to the Thermal Expert System, HITEXS, is build in Intellicorp's KEE environment and consists of a set of tools which assist the operator in verifying expert system diagnoses. Our design ideas grew out of the metaphor of a knowledgeable assistant. This suggested the following capabilities for our interface:(1) Routine operations must be handled with ease(2) Information needs to be filtered, e.g. only relevant and important knowledge should be conveyed(3) The interface must brief, advise, remind the user(4) The interface must be able to explain the actions of the expert system(5) The interface must be able to accept for execution detailed assignments based on high-level instructionsOur goal is to instantiate these characteristics and thus demonstrate state-of-the-art human interface design; e.g. we are developing an interface that is both sensitive to the needs of the user and responsive to the physical system context.

A survey of formal tools and models for developing user interfaces

This paper presents a survey of formal tools, methodologies, and models which have been proposed for developing user interfaces for interactive information systems. The treatment examines issues related to human engineering, human-computer interfacing, behavioural experiments, and user interface design aids. Particular emphasis is placed on user research studies, specification techniques for interactive language modeling, analytical studies of user-system interaction, user models (including cognitive models, conceptual models, and mental models), and user interface management systems. The paper concludes with a brief list of suggested future research directions based on the results of this survey.

A multiple, virtual-workspace interface to support user task switching

An interface is presented that is designed to help users switch among tasks on which they are concurrently working. Nine desirable properties for such an interface are derived. It is argued that a key constraint to building interfaces that support task switching is that low user-overhead switching among tasks requires a large amount of display space, whereas actual display space is limited. A virtual workspace design is presented that greatly speeds the inevitable task-switching induced window faulting. The resulting interface is presented as a study in theory-based human-interface design. It is shown how in this case theory is important in inspiring a design, but design entailments outside the theory raise new issues that must be faced to make the design viable. These design experiences, in turn, help inspire new theory.

A multiple, virtual-workspace interface to support user task switching

An interface is presented that is designed to help users switch among tasks on which they are concurrently working. Nine desirable properties for such an interface are derived. It is argued that a key constraint to building interfaces that support task switching is that low user-overhead switching among tasks requires a large amount of display space, whereas actual display space is limited. A virtual workspace design is presented that greatly speeds the inevitable task-switching induced window faulting. The resulting interface is presented as a study in theory-based human-interface design. It is shown how in this case theory is important in inspiring a design, but design entailments outside the theory raise new issues that must be faced to make the design viable. These design experiences, in turn, help inspire new theory.

Human interface design and the handicapped user

Human interface design and the handicapped user

Design and Development of Human Interface in Engineering Workstation for Power System Planning

Recent advance of computer technologies has made it possible for a professional engineer to use a super personal computer as his hands-on tool. Many that are known as workstation are commercially available. In such an engineering workstation, the human interface should be designed in a way that assists and enhances the engineers' problem solving capability. This paper analyzes the human information processing from the cognitive psychological point of view to identify the issues on human interface, and proposes an interface that is implemented with the artificial intelligence technique. An intelligent workstation that has been developed for power system planning is out-lined. System evaluation is also made to estimate the benefit of the intelligent interface.

INTERNIST-1/CADUCEUS: Problems Facing Expert Consultant Programs

SummaryINTERNIST-1 is an experimental computer program for consultation in general internal medicine. On a series of test cases, its performance has been shown to be similar to that of staff physicians at a university hospital. Despite INTERNIST-1’s apparent success in dealing with complex cases involving multiple diagnoses in the same patient, many shortcomings in both its knowledge representation schemes and its diagnostic algorithms still remain. Among the known problems are lack of anatomical and temporal reasoning, inadequate representation of degrees of severity of findings and illnesses, and failure to reason properly about causality. These drawbacks must be corrected before INTERNIST-1’s successor program, CADUCEUS, can be used. It is estimated that CADUCEUS will not be ready for release to the general medical community for five to ten years.Broader problems faced by all medical diagnostic consultant systems are: design of an efficient human interface; development and completion of medical knowledge bases; expansion of diagnostic algorithms from simple heuristic rules to include a range of complex reasoning strategies, and development of a method for validating computer programs for clinical use.