HIV-positive Patient Research Articles

ABO-Incompatible living donor kidney transplant in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive woman

With recent advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), renal transplantation is no longer considered a contraindication in properly selected HIV-positive patients. However, while doing transplant in an HIV-positive patient, one needs to keep in mind the interaction between HIV drugs and immunosuppressive drugs. Further, doing an ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplant could be a challenge due to higher immunosuppression that can result from the desensitization, exacerbating HIV-related immune dysfunction. We report a case of successful living-related donor ABOi kidney transplant in an HIV-positive patient.

Pneumatosis intestinalis in HIV patient with gastric outlet obstruction

We report the case of a 39-year-old HIV positive female with gastric outlet obstruction. At laparotomy, she had extensive pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) of the ileum. This incidental finding of extensive PI in an HIV positive patient who was being managed non-operatively supports that the mere presence of PI is not an absolute indication for bowel resection in the absence of necrosis, perforation, or obstruction.

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, (Rosai-Dorfman Disease) with cholastatic jaundice in an HIV positive patient

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, (Rosai-Dorfman Disease) with cholastatic jaundice in an HIV positive patient

Sero Status Disclosure to Sexual Partner and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Positive Patients in Bale Zone Hospitals, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Disclosure of HIV sero status is among varies HIV prevention strategy to prevent the spread of HIV. It is the base for accessing care and treatment programs, attains psycho-social support and reduces stigma, adheres to treatment and promotes safer health behavior particularly for couples. Objective: To assess HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partner and associated factors among HIV positive adult patient in Bale Zone hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 adult HIV positive clients who were selected by using systematic random sampling methods from Bale Zone Hospitals. Data were collected by using pre-tested questionnaire after verbal consent obtained from participants by trained nurse. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 and P-value of less than 0.05 was taken to declare statistical significance. Result: HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partners was 52.6%. Residence (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.60), receiving pre-test counselling related disclosure (AOR = 6.25; 95% CI, 3.45, 11.33) and knowledge of partner’s HIV sero status (P-Value = 0.001) were significantly associated with HIV sero status disclosure. Fear of stigma and violence by sexual partner were the main reasons suggested for not disclosing HIV sero-status. Conclusion: The level of HIV sero-status disclosure to sexual partner was low. Disclosure of HIV sero status to sexual partner was significantly associated with clients’ place of residence, receiving pre-test counselling about disclosure and Knowledge of partners HIV sero status.

Vismodegib treatment in a HIV positive patient on antiretroviral therapy

Vismodegib treatment in a HIV positive patient on antiretroviral therapy

Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome presenting as renal failure in South African HIV-positive individuals: a single-centre case series

Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented most commonly with parotidomegaly and sicca symptoms in the pre-antiretroviral era. However, numerous clinical manifestations are possible due to the multi-organ nature of the CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration. Renal involvement is infrequently described, but common characteristics of a renal syndrome associated with DILS have been identified. This case series describes four South African HIV-positive patients with DILS, in whom renal failure was the sole clinical manifestation. As DILS responds well to antiretroviral and corticosteroid therapy, this series highlights the importance of considering this syndrome as a cause of renal failure in an HIV-positive patient.

Lung abscess due to candida tropicalis in a HIV positive immunocompromised patient: a rare case report from central India.

Lung abscess due to candida tropicalis in a HIV positive immunocompromised patient: a rare case report from central India.

Primary pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma in a newly diagnosed cisgender heterosexual HIV positive patient presenting before cutaneous manifestations.

AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular malignancy that usually presents with mucocutaneous lesions. Bronchopulmonary involvement as an initial manifestation is a rare phenomenon. This case describes a young male presenting with pulmonary symptoms mimicking HIV-related opportunistic infection who was eventually diagnosed with primary pulmonary KS. The aim of this report is to emphasize that KS should be recognized as a differential diagnosis in AIDS patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms. Making the diagnosis may be a difficult task, at times, requiring invasive procedures such as lung biopsy.

Oral and periodontal status in patients with tuberculosis in Vidarbha region of Central India

Context: The purpose of this study was to asses oral and periodontal status of the patients with tuberculosis (TB) at various TB hospitals in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state, India. Aim: The aim of the present cross-sectional observational study was to assess oral and periodontal status in TB patients at four different centers in Vidarbha region of Central India. Settings and Design: This study was a cross-sectional observational study. Subjects and Methods: The study population consisted of 127 patients aged 13–80 years admitted in wards of four different centers around Sawangi. The soft-tissue lesion and periodontal index were assessed using specialized design proforma. Results: None of the patients reported with healthy periodontal status. Oral lesions were observed in 48.03%, with most frequent sites of involvement were tongue, buccal mucosa, and soft palate. A majority of patients had generalized periodontitis. The prevalence of HIV-positive patient was 7.87%. The mean debris score was 1.35 ± 0.66 and mean calculus score was 1.21 ± 0.60 followed by pocket and clinical attachment level in the range of 1.77 ± 0.56 and 2.81 ± 0.71, respectively. Conclusions: The oral health professional should be made aware to treat the oral lesions in patients with TB with greater caution as the incidence of periodontal diseases and oral lesion, and HIV has become alarmingly higher with these classes of patients.

Differential diagnosis of infectious skin lesions in an HIV-positive patient: a case report

La infeccion por VIH confiere al portador la susceptibilidad para desarrollar un conjunto de infecciones que normalmente no serian encontradas en un paciente inmunocompetente. En Colombia, en el ano 2015, se reportaron 11.606 casos de infeccion por VIH. En este escrito documentamos el caso de un paciente con diagnostico de infeccion por VIH, el cual desarrollo lesiones tipicas de infeccion por el virus Varicela Zoster, y se documento la evolucion de las lesiones vesiculares hacia flictenas con necrosis local. Dada la presentacion del caso, el diagnostico de lesiones en piel en pacientes inmunocomprometidos o con infeccion por VIH se convierte en un reto para el profesional de la salud a la hora de establecer un diagnostico etiologico, a fin de establecer un adecuado tratamiento de acuerdo a este.

PP4.3 - Infection of astrocytes by a virus isolated from CSF cells of an HIV-positive patient virologically suppressed with ART

PP4.3 - Infection of astrocytes by a virus isolated from CSF cells of an HIV-positive patient virologically suppressed with ART

Efficacy of eculizumab in an adult patient with HIV-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: A case report.

Introduction:Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients has become a rare cause of kidney injury since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Plasma exchange and antiretroviral therapy were previously recommended but often failed to achieve remission. We report a case of HUS in a HIV-positive patient treated successfully with eculizumab.Case summary:A 52-year-old woman presented to hospital with acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypoxemia. She had been diagnosed with HIV infection in 1997. Kidney biopsy showed several fibrinous microthrombi in the glomerular capillaries, formation of thrombi in arterioles, moderate parietal and mesangial deposits of C3 and Immunoglobulin M, and intense glomerular and arterial deposits of Complement component 5b9 complement component. Serum HIV viral load was 227,848 copies/mL, and CD4 lymphocyte count was 120 cells/μL. A diagnosis of HIV-associated HUS was made. The patient had no confounding cause of HUS. Initiation of eculizumab and HAART resulted in complete hematological remission on day 32 and dialysis withdrawal on day 110. The patient has not relapsed during long-term follow-up (M17).Conclusion:This observation suggests that eculizumab can achieve remission in HIV patients with HUS.

Recurrent florid vulval warts in a human immunodeficiciency virus reactive patient: excision

Anogenital warts are caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).They are usually more common in Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infected people than uninfected people and are often very difficult to treat. The authors report a case of recurrent florid vulval warts in an HIV positive patient to illustrate such difficulties in management with the limitations of practice in a developing country.

The treatment of a pregnant HIV positive patient with cryptococcal meningitis in Malawi. Case report and review of treatment options

This case reports cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV positive woman on antiretroviral therapy, presenting with left middle cerebral artery stroke at 30 weeks gestation. The patient had well-controlled HIV (CD4 count over 200 cells/mL). The immunosuppressive effects of the pregnancy likely contributed to the development of cryptococcal disease. The patient was successfully treated with two weeks of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole, delivered a healthy baby, but remained with a permanent severe neurological deficit.

Rapidly progressive intravascular primary effusion lymphoma in an HIV‐positive renal transplant recipient

We describe the clinical and post-mortem findings of a case of rapidly progressive, ultimately fatal primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) arising in an HIV-positive man 2years after renal transplantation. Disseminated multi-organ involvement associated with a peculiar intravascular pattern of growth, as seen in this case, has only been reported once previously. This is also, to our knowledge, the first detailed description of a lymphoma arising post-transplant in an HIV-positive patient.

Co-infectious pneumonia (pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus) against HIV-process – a clinical case and review

The article presents updated information about HIV infection in the Russian Federation. Modern information about the pneumocyst and cytomegalovirus (CMV) was collected. It is known, that Pneumocystis and CMV can cause pneumonia. The description of the clinical case of the pneumonia of the combined genesis (pneumocyst + cytomegalovirus) against the background of "modern" comorbid conditions in women of working age is described. Data on clinical manifestations, co-infectious pneumonia in HIV-positive patient with comorbidity, can be valuable for doctors of many specialties.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum: a Croatian Case Report of a Patient with Proctitis and Concurrent Cervical Lymphadenitis

Background Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) can present with genital ulcers, proctitis, or femoral/inguinal lymphadenopathy with or without constitutional symptoms. There have been reports on the infection characterized by supraclavicular or cervical lymphadenopathy, although there is no published data on the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in the affected lymph node.Methods We report a patient with pharyngitis, proctitis and cervical lymphadenitis, in whom LGV specific DNA was detected by polimerase chain reaction (PCR) in both the rectal swab and cervical lymph node fine needle aspirate.ResultsA 48-year-old Croatian HIV-positive male patient attended our outpatient HIV clinic complaining of a 10-day perianal pain, bloody rectal discharge with normal stool consistency and painful and enlarged cervical lymph node. On the first day he had fever, which subsided on the following day. Clinical examination demonstrated exudate on the right tonsil, painful, and enlarged right cervical lymph node (5 × 2 cm, Figure 1), perianal pain on palpation and rectal purulent discharge. During the preceding 10-year period, the patient was taking his antiretroviral therapy regularly and had an undetectable HIV RNA by PCR. We started treatment with ceftriaxone and doxycycline. The fine needle aspirate of the affected lymph node showed a pyogranulomatous inflammation. Indirect immunofluorescence assay on CT antibodies detected positive titers in IgG (>512) and IgA (256) classes. LGV-specific DNA was detected in both the rectal swab and the cervical lymph node fine needle aspirate. Ceftriaxone was discontinued after 5 days and doxycycline therapy was continued for a total of 6 weeks because of the persistence of the cervical lymphadenopathy. The patient came to a full recovery.Conclusion We found six published case reports on LGV with associated cervical lymphadenopathy in which the infection with CT was established by serologic testing and/or by nucleic acid amplification tests of the pharyngeal and/or rectal swabs. Some of the mentioned reports demonstrated granulomatous inflammation present in the affected cervical lymph node, as was evidenced in our patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with CT infection in whom LGV-specific DNA was detected in the cervical lymph node.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Acute confusional state and holocranial headaches as symptoms of previously asymptomatic HIV positive patient with brain toxoplasmosis

Background: Even when considering previously healthy individuals, the combination of fever, headache, and neurological deficits should immediately strike as a possible immunossupressed patient.

Fever and generalised lymphadenopathy in an HIV-positive patient: a diagnostic challenge

Fever and generalised lymphadenopathy is a common presentation of a variety of diseases and a thorough investigation is often necessary for appropriate diagnosis.We present a 53-year-old male patient admitted with...

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium peregrinum Isolated from an HIV-Positive Patient in South Africa.

ABSTRACTHere, we report a draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium peregrinum obtained from a sputum sample of a South African HIV-infected patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. The genome described here comprises 6,931,852 bp, revealing 66.2% G+C content, 6,808 coding sequences, and 81 RNA genes.