Human Development Factor Research Articles

Re-counting the determinant factors of human development: a review of the literature

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the basic determinant factors of human development using the theory ofMaqasid al Shari’ah(TMS). It also identifies relevant demographic variables that may likely moderate the relationship among the identified factors.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth review of the TMS and human capital theory literature was conducted, with a specific attention on their impact to human development.FindingsThe extensive review of the relevant literature shows that human development is not only determined by education, health, income, human rights and social justice but also influenced by some demographic variables like educational attainment and gender composition.Originality/valueThis paper is a novel attempt whereby an extensive review on the factors of human development is conducted using TMS and identifying the narrowness in the existing framework. The paper will help researchers to better their understanding in this context. It will also provide the policymakers with adequate information on the important factors of human development with the aim to chart a comprehensive policy direction.

The Role of Information Technology (IT) in Development and Increase of the Efficiency of Human Resources

<p>Information Technology (IT) as a set of produced ideas is available for individuals and organizations through hardware mechanisms and plays a major role in the development of human resources. In today’s world, IT is the key factor of human development in organizations and communities. Trends and results of the literature review confirm contribution of the IT tools in human resources area i.e. to accomplish assigned human resources tasks by using the source of IT capabilities. In the current era the use of information systems and new technologies, especially IT in organizations and communities is the most important tool to improve efficiency and it will accelerate movement toward this direction. Improper use of it can impose problems to the organization and it also reduces productivity. The aim of this paper is to investigates the impact of IT on the productivity of human recourses and gives a brief overview about possibilities of IT usage in human resources field for measuring and tracking human capital and using the human resources information system generally. The results of this, study revealed that there is significant relationship between use of IT and human resource management functions, also a positive and significant effect of the ICTs on employment rate.</p>

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as a Potential Key Factor for Human Prenatal Development

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts highly active epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) generated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases from arachidonic acid to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. Because of the role of EETs in processes potentially relevant to the development of organisms, EETs could be suggested as potential morphogens. Unfortunately, only little is known about sEH expression during human intrauterine development (IUD). We investigated the spatio-temporal expression pattern of sEH in human embryonic/foetal intestines, liver and kidney from the 6th to the 20th week of IUD by two-step immunohistochemistry. sEH was expressed during the whole tested period of prenatal development and its level of expression remained more or less the same during the estimated period of IUD. Distribution of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in the intestinal epithelium and the nephrogenic zone of the kidney suggests an influence of EETs on cell proliferation and differentiation and, consequently, on the development of intestines and kidney. Thus, alterations in the strict spatio-temporal pattern of expression of CYP epoxygenases and/or sEH during human prenatal development by xenobiotics could have a harmful impact for developing organisms.

Limited resources of genome sequencing in developing countries: Challenges and solutions

The differences between countries in national income, growth, human development and many other factors are used to classify countries into developed and developing countries. There are several classification systems that use different sets of measures and criteria. The most common classifications are the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank (WB) systems. The UN classification system uses the UN Human Development Index (HDI), an indicator that uses statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita for countries' classification. While the WB system uses gross national income (GNI) per capita that is calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. According to the UN and WB classification systems, there are 151 and 134 developing countries, respectively, with 89% overlap between the two systems. Developing countries have limited human development, and limited expenditure in education and research, among several other limitations. The biggest challenge facing genomic researchers and clinicians is limited resources. As a result, genomic tools, specifically genome sequencing technologies, which are rapidly becoming indispensable, are not widely available. In this report, we explore the current status of sequencing technologies in developing countries, describe the associated challenges and emphasize potential solutions.

Pedagogical Maintenance of Future Teachers’ Practice-oriented Training

In modern world momentous events took place in the field of education due to the general processes of globalization and democratization. The European Higher Education Open Space was created. Through understanding of shared values and belonging to a common social and cultural space “A Europe of Knowledge” became not only an irreplaceable factor for social and human development, but a necessary component to consolidate and enrich the European citizenship. At the same time, education in Russia is also going through a difficult period of reassessment of social, moral and cultural values, and defines a new vector of the theoretical and practical orientation of the future teacher’s training. The refusal of knowledge-paradigm is taking place; this paradigm was lying for many years at the heart of the Russian fundamental education and was unable to solve the problem of the separating knowledge from skills to apply them. The current social situation has caused an acute shortage of qualified practice-oriented staff experienced by the real economy in spite of the large number of specialists with higher education. One of the causes resulting in the crisis of the traditional paradigm is the rapid information obsolescence which led to a change in a key orientation of education: from “teacher’s translating the required stock of knowledge to the students” to “education throughout life” (lifelong learning). In addition, the labor market was in need for not the knowledge as such, but the specialist’s ability to acquire and put it into practice by performing certain professional and social functions. That is why in today’s society there is a need for teachers of the new sociocultural type, capable of ensuring the training of professionals of another level (practitioners rather than theorists). The innovative style of the scientific and pedagogical thinking, the willingness to take creative solutions and create new values, the individual style of pedagogical activity, capacity for reflection, the need for continuous self-education and commitment thereto must be integral features of the modern teacher. According to the provisions of the Federal National Educational Standards of basic general education, the transition from subject-based learning to learning implementing a system-activity approach involving the training of students for professional and social life is required. In this regard, one of the important issues of the would-be teacher training in Russia is the lack of their practical preparation for professional activities. The article describes the experience of Elabuga Institute of Kazan (Volga) Federal University on the implementation of the model for updating the content of pedagogical cycle disciplines, and enhancing their practical orientation. The author, one of the developers of the content module “Disciplines of professional cycle of basic educational program: design and implementation of educational processes”, presented the experience of its approbation.

The Relationship between Human Resource Development Factors and Turnover Intention: A Conceptual Framework

Retaining the best employees is of high concern for most organizations and this issue has become a significant focus of attention for many researchers. For this reason, this paper discussed different factors which influence the employee turnover intention-behavior in the organization, specifically to examine the effect of salary, performance appraisal, training & development and career growth (career goal progress, professional ability development, promotion speed, and remuneration growth) on turnover intention. In addition, based on the social exchange theory this paper explains the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between human resource development factors and turnover intention In order to develop a theoretical understanding, a detailed literature review is conducted that includes books, empirical and conceptual papers, a magazine about employee turnover intention and other related factors that influence turnover intention. The suggested framework may also contribute the existing literature on the relationship between human resource practices, career management practices, and employee turnover intention.

The relationship between human resource development factors, career growth and turnover intention: The mediating role of organizational commitment

Retaining the best employees is of high concern for most organizations and this issue has become a significant focus of attention for many researchers. For this reason, this paper discusses different factors which influence the employee turnover intention-behavior in the organization, specifically to examine the effect of salary, performance appraisal, training & development and career growth on turnover intention. In addition, based on the social exchange theory this paper explains the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between human resource development factors, career growth and turnover intention. A cross sectional, survey data study is undertaken to investigate the relationships in a sample of 270 full time faculty members employed in different private universities of Pakistan. Partial Least Square two step path modeling is used to test the direct and the indirect hypothesis of the study. The results of PLS (SEM) path modeling reveal that human resource development factors specially salary and performance appraisal were negatively associated with turnover intention. In addition, the results also indicate that career growth had significant relationships with turnover intention. Moreover, out of four dimensions of career growth, only two dimensions, namely promotion speed and remuneration growth, have strong influence on turnover intention. Finally, in terms of organizational commitment as mediating variable between the relationships of salary, performance appraisal, career growth and turnover intention, four out of six variables indicate partial mediation including career growth (career goal progress), career growth (promotion speed), career growth (remuneration growth) and performance appraisal.

Research on the Influential Factors of Rural Human Resources Development of Tianjin in the Context of New-Type Urbanization

This thesis expounds the current situation of rural human resources of Tianjin with the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis and the macroscopic and microscopic data under the research background of new-type urbanization. Then the paper summarizes the factors influencing rural human resources development by factor analysis method. Based on the study mentioned above, it puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on rural human resources development.

Religion and Gender Equality Worldwide: A Country-Level Analysis

Does religion help or hinder gender equality worldwide? Are some major world religions more conducive to equality than others? This study answers these questions using country-level data assembled from multiple sources. Much of the research on religion and gender has focused on the relationship between individual religious belief and practice and gender attitudes. This study, alternatively, compares the macro effects of the proportion of religious adherents in a country on two indicators of material gender equality: the United Nations Gender Inequality Index and the Social Watch Gender Equity Index. Comparing the world’s four largest religious groups reveals that the largest distinction is not between any of the three largest faiths—Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism—but between the religious and the non-religious. The more non-religious people in a country, the more gender equal that country tends to be. This finding holds when accounting for human development and other country-level factors, as well as in instrumental variable analysis.

Archetypal personalities of software engineers and their work preferences: a new perspective for empirical studies

As the area of Software Engineering (SE) matures the role of human factors in software development is commonly recognized as important. Increasingly we see empirical studies that investigate the connection between, for example, personalities and preferences, attitudes or performances of software engineers. Statistical analysis holds a key role by providing the means for uncovering associations between various facets of human factors and behavioral effects on projects and outcomes. Traditional statistical techniques tend to explore and interpret the multidimensional personality and behavioral data from an "average-point" perspective, targeting central trends. This paper introduces a methodology with statistical tools that can provide a new and different perspective for this type of SE data. It seeks the boundaries of a psychometric dataset and discovers reference or "benchmark" personalities, the archetypal personalities. Then, the method examines the placement of all individuals in the dataset in relation to the archetypes. Furthermore, the SE preference characteristics, or generally, any other types of behavioral SE data, are analyzed with respect to the archetypes. As a case to exemplify the methodology we analyze personality and project preference data from 276 master level SE students and compare to previous "average-point" statistical analysis of the same data. We also discuss how Archetypal Analysis, the heart of the proposed methodology, combined with multi-correspondence analysis might be of general use in empirical SE.

Analysis of expression patterns of IGF-1, caspase-3 and HSP-70 in developing human tooth germs

AimsTo analyze expression patterns of IGF-1, caspase-3 and HSP-70 in human incisor and canine tooth germs during the late bud, cap and bell stages of odontogenesis. Materials and methodsHead areas or parts of jaw containing teeth from 10 human fetuses aged between 9th and 20th developmental weeks were immunohistochemically analyzed using IGF-1, active caspase-3 and HSP-70 markers. Semi-quantitative analysis of each marker’s expression pattern was also performed. ResultsDuring the analyzed period, IGF-1 and HSP-70 were mostly expressed in enamel organ. As development progressed, expression of IGF-1 and HSP-70 became more confined to differentiating tissues in the future cusp tip area, as well as in highly proliferating cervical loops. Few apoptotic bodies highly positive to active caspase-3 were observed in enamel organ and dental papilla from the cap stage onward. However, both enamel epithelia moderately expressed active caspase-3 throughout the investigated period. ConclusionsExpression patterns of IGF-1, active caspase-3 and HSP-70 imply importance of these factors for early human tooth development. IGF-1 and HSP-70 have versatile functions in control of proliferation, differentiation and anti-apoptotic protection of epithelial parts of human enamel organ. Active caspase-3 is partially involved in formation and apoptotic removal of primary enamel knot, although present findings might reflect its ability to perform other non-death functions such as differentiation of hard dental tissues secreting cells and guidance of ingrowth of proliferating cervical loops.

Adult and Non-Formal Education: An Imperative for Human Capacity Development and Attainment of Sustainable Livelihoods in Anambra State

This study examined the imperatives of adult and non-formal education (ANFE) as a potent factor for human capacity development and attainment of sustainable livelihoods in Anambra State. For this purpose, the study sought to find out using three research questions formulated to investigate and examine the following: importance of ANFE for human capacity development and towards attaining sustainable livelihoods and (ANFE) programmes that boost socio-economic, culturaland political activities in Anambra State. The study being a survey research, adopted the descriptive survey design in order to collect data. A systematic random sampling procedure was employed in the study. 840 participants from various ANFE programmes within the six zonal areas in Anambra State were sampled from a total population of 46, 160 participants. A questionnaire titled: “Participants Responses on Imperatives of Adult and Non-Formal Education for Human Capacity Development and Sustainable Livelihoods Questionnaire”, (PRIANFEHCDSLQ) containing 26 items of two sections and drawn on a 2-point scale of yes and no options was used by the researchers to conduct the study and collect information from the respondents. Validity of the research instrument was carried out by two experts and reliability established using the split half which yielded a coefficient value of 0.83 using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Data was analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages. The results of the findings of the study revealed that adult and non-formal education is not only an imperative for human capacity development but also played a great role amongst the disadvantaged and marginalized groups in the society. From the findings of the study, recommendations were proffered and among such included: adequate funding and financing of adult and non-formal education (ANFE) for human capacity development which will aid citizens to achieve sustainable livelihoods not only in Anambra State but Nigeria as a whole.

Vitamin C In Neuropsychiatry

Abstract Vitamins are necessary factors in human development and normal brain function. Vitamin C is a hydrosoluble compound that humans cannot produce; therefore, we are completely dependent on food intake for vitamin C. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidative agent and is present in high concentrations in neurons and is also crucial for collagen synthesis throughout the body. Ascorbic acid has a role in modulating many essential neurotransmitters, enables neurogenesis in adult brain and protects cells against infection. While SVCT1 enables the absorption of vitamin C in the intestine, SVCT2 is primarily located in the brain. Ascorbate deficiency is classically expressed as scurvy, which is lethal if not treated. However, subclinical deficiencies are probably much more frequent. Potential fields of vitamin C therapy are in neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and affective diseases, cancer, brain trauma and others. For example, there is some data on its positive effects in Alzheimer’s disease. Various dosing regimes are used, but ascorbate is safe, even in high doses for protracted periods. Better designed studies are needed to elucidate all of the potential therapeutic roles of vitamin C.

Using The Internet to Enhance Teaching Process at Universities For The Development of Creativity Competencies

Contemporary educational process is a subject to constant evolution, whose driving force is the process of technological development. The institution of higher education is also perceived differently, namely as a place of acquiring knowledge virtually rather than in a traditional way. Changes, which aim at using the latest communication and information technologies, provoke controversy among both the faculty and students. The quality of human capital professional creativity competencies is determined by knowledge and the ability to acquire it from various sources already at university student level. Today it is believed that creativity is one of the most significant factors of human capital development. One must bear in mind that creativity is directly connected with knowledge. The primary scientific objective of this article is to learn and investigate the frequency of the Internet use in the teaching process at selected institutions of higher education by means of scientific procedures and appropriate methodology in order to define the influence of on-line teaching on human capital professional creativity competencies. The findings have given basis to formulate a research hypothesis: The higher and more advanced ability to use the Internet in the teaching process, the higher level of human capital professional creativity competencies, which as an element of intellectual capital constitutes a major factor for development on micro and macroregion scale. The following article is a literature and empirical study based on various methods of data processing and systematizing. In order to achieve the objective and verify the research hypothesis the survey was conducted among students from three institutions of higher education. The article is concluded with findings stemming from theoretical deliberations and the conducted research.

Secure Knowledge Management

Human knowledge-sharing networks generate Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets that provide private enterprise with competitive advantages. Although considerable research has focused on increasing the knowledge-sharing outcomes of such networks, there has been comparatively less emphasis on examining the possibility of competitive erosion through knowledge leakage. This paper considers how to mitigate knowledge leakage by influencing the development of human knowledge sharing networks. The authors review the literatures of human knowledge sharing networks as well as information security management in organizations. Based on the literature reviews we identify 12 key factors that influence network development and a security paradigm and associated mechanisms that mitigate knowledge leakage. The authors then identify a range of knowledge protection strategies by applying the security paradigm to the human network development factors. The paper concludes with a discussion on controllability, the extent to which organizations can use each factor to mitigate knowledge leakage.

As Formas de Comunicação e de Inclusão da Criança Kaiowá Surda na Família e na Escola: um Estudo Etnográfico

atualmente a etnografia está consolidada como método de pesquisa no campo das ciências sociais, contudo ganha gradativamente mais espaço no cenário educacional. Este estudo configurou-se pelo delineamento do objeto a partir do viver dentro, na tentativa de compreender a experiência cultural dos povos indígenas surdos Guarani-Kaiowá. Assim, tem como objetivo geral investigar as formas de comunicação e de inclusão da criança surda no contexto familiar e escolar das comunidades indígenas das Aldeias Bororó e Jaguapiru, em Dourados, MS. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) compreender como a criança indígena surda se relaciona e se comunica com a família e a escola; b) identificar as facilidades e as dificuldades encontradas na forma de comunicação e na inclusão; e c) descrever as ações e as estratégias utilizadas pela família e pela escola para a comunicação e a efetivação da inclusão da criança nesses sistemas. As análises têm bases conceituais dos estudos culturais, dos estudos surdos e das premissas do desenvolvimento humano ecológico, pautadas na interdependência entre as culturas familiares e os diferentes contextos de socialização, fatores estes determinantes para o desenvolvimento humano. Os resultados do estudo permitiram: conhecer um sistema incipiente de comunicação utilizado pelos familiares da criança; identificar os irmãos como mediadores da comunicação na família e na escola; e reconhecer, nas falas dos professores, o papel do intérprete de Libras como estratégia pedagógica e comunicativa para a inclusão da criança indígena surda. Por fim, a pesquisa etnográfica permitiu uma investigação a partir dos olhares de dentro, apontando indícios para o estabelecimento de um diálogo intercultural.

An improved method for integrated water security assessment in the Yellow River basin, China

Water is a major limiting factor of human survival and social economic development. Water security is also important for the ecological system. In this paper, the water security assessment index system of the Yellow River basin was developed based on three subsystems: the water resources subsystem, the water environment subsystem and the social economic subsystem. The integrated assessment of water security was developed based on the combination of set pair analysis (SPA) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) as well as technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), gray relational analysis (GRA), vague sets (VS) and matter element (ME) models. First, fuzzy cluster analysis method was used to check the consistency of all the models before and after implementing the integrated assessment. Secondly, the ranking values of four single assessment models (i.e., TOPSIS, GRA, VS and ME models) were analyzed by SPA method to get the consistency connection degree. Then FAHP was constructed to describe the relative importance of the four different single models when determining the weight coefficient in the integrated assessment model. And lastly, the integrated assessment model of water security was developed based on the ranking values and weight coefficients of the selected single assessment models. The conclusion of the developed integrated assessment model which was applied in the Yellow River basin showed that Sichuan province was at security level; Henan, Shandong, Qinghai and Shaanxi provinces were at the threshold security level; Shanxi, Gansu and Inner Mongolia provinces were at the relative insecurity level; Ningxia province was water no secure. The integrated assessment results showed that the improved integrated model presented in this paper had relatively better performance than single assessment models. The intention of this paper was to provide an integrated assessment model, propose potential countermeasures, and achieve sustainable water utilization in the Yellow River basin.

Unearthing global financial inclusion levels and analysis of financial inclusion as a mediating factor in global human development

This study is a result of the author's inquisition to unearth the current values of Global Financial Inclusion and its relationship with economic growth measured by Gross Domestic product(GDP) and human development measured by United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). The Financial Inclusion (FI) levels are measured using Index for Financial Inclusion .The relationship between GDP and HDI with FI as mediator, using multiple regression, is validated on a global level based on data of 162 countries for the year 2011. An overall global mediation analysis is undertaken to establish Financial Inclusion as a mediating factor and partial mediation on human development is validated. The study is valid and unique in the global context of income inequality prevailing in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries as it validates the argument that an impressive GDP performance does not ensure equity in economic growth.

English

  Education is a very important factor of human resource development and management. After a long period of independence, our nation is yet to achieve desired level of education. This is  worst in tribal societies. Tribes are the primeval communities that constitute a considerable proportion of national population. Each of the tribal communities has its own cultural identity. But in general they are very poor. Educational backwardness lies at the root of their economic, social and political backwardness. The District of Paschim Medinipur is situated at the Western margin of West Bengal and a vast area of this district is mostly inhabited by tribes, especially the Santhal Community. The present paper seeks to assess the status of educational attainment of tribal students. The study was conducted in some tribal dominated schools of Paschim Medinipur District with the help of questionnaire survey and secondary data collected from the schools and Secondary Education Department, Government of West Bengal. The study identifies some reasons behind the poor level of academic achievement among the tribal students. It has been found that, most of the schools are disadvantaged because they have very poor infrastructural facilities. The schools have very poor student-teacher ratio and classroom-pupils ratio. Most of them have no library rooms and well maintained playgrounds. Moreover, toilets and lavatories are poorly maintained. The schools have very large feeder areas. Therefore, students are to move a large distance to reach their schools. In most of the Gram Panchayat areas there are very few numbers of higher schools in comparison to the number of lower and primary schools. That is one of the reasons why the rate of drop out is found to be very high for the tribal students. Though the students are very obedient, diligent, physically sound and have many good habits, they perform very poor in academics.    Key words: Tribes, education, success, dropout, enrollment, feeder area, Lorenz Curve, educational status, educational profile, educational infrastructure, Santhal, West Bengal, Jungle mahal.     &nbsp

Ugdymas kaip ugdytojo ir ugdytinio santykis: iššūkis socializacijos specialistams

While searching for original and effective educational methods one may find educational insights by Italian educator, philosopher and theologian priest, L. Giussani, extremely relevant – they are based on the author’s many years of teaching experience, as well as the application of the practice of educational concept in various social and educational institutions in Italy and other countries. In Lithuania PI „Sotas“, being a member of international NGO “AVSI Network” took over certain peculiarities of L. Giussani’s method and turned them into operating principles, organization continues to monitor and improve their actualization in the socioeducative reality. The article explores L Giussani’s educational paradigm in theoretical and empirical aspects. Following methods were used: literature and PI „Sotas“ documents analysis, interview with 4 employees of the organization. Experience analysis of PI „Sotas“, where L. Giussani’s educational paradigm is applied, has revealed that absorption of the principles of the educational process (“the center of attention – a person”, “start from the positivity”, “work together with”, and others) and continuous individual or joined group reflection creates certain professional attitude, which appears as an effective factor and way of human development. Such attitude, using a variety of methods and tools, is the basis for any actions and is an important component of professional competence, and even more – it creates the culture within an organization. At the same time it is important to mention that the principles of PI „Sotas“ are not being transferred automatically into the practice of the staff this is a dynamic and creative process that requires active involvement of a specialist and produces results because it wakes up a human in another person and his humanly desires, helps to assess the positivity and creates assumptions for its’ empowerment and socialization. L. Giussani’s paradigm can open up opportunities for a specialist to discover the value of the educational work so that it is not only just a formal execution of functions, but also a place to show of a full potential as a person. Analysis of authors’ heritage is relevant to our country’s educational theory and practice, it enriches the scientific discourse of this field with new insights. Keywords: education, freedom, personality, principals of organization, empowerment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/su.2014.01