Human Excretory System Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF PICTURE AND PICTURE COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF FLASHCARD MEDIA ON STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES AT SMA NEGERI 3 WAINGAPU

This study aims to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model type picture and picture assisted by flashcard media on students' biology learning outcomes in the subject of the human excretory system. This study is a quasi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample in this study was class XI MIPA2 (experimental class) using the picture and picture type cooperative learning model assisted by flashcard media and XI MIPA3 (control class) using the conventional learning model. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, conducted at SMA N 3 Waingapu, even semester, Academic Year 2022/2023. The research instruments were in the form of documentation and a written test of 50 multiple choice questions, consisting of 10 pretest questions and 15 posttest questions which were conducted in 2 meetings. The research data were analyzed using statistical tests, namely the Validity test, Reliability test, Normality test, Homogeneity test, t test (paired sample t test) using SPSS version 22. Based on the results of the analysis, the average posttest value for the experimental class was 77.70 and the control 55.2. The results of hypothesis testing with paired samples t test obtained sig (2-tailed) <0.05 (0.00 <0.05). This shows that there is an effect of using the picture and picture type cooperative learning model assisted by flashcard media on the biology learning outcomes of class XI students.

Development of Student Worksheets Based on Science Process Skills on Human Excretion System Materials

Development of Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on science process skills on human excretory system material presented in the form of an application on a smartphone which contains human excretion system material, stages of practicum activities and questions adapted to indicators of science process skills, which are expected to be able to train participants' thinking abilities educate. The research aims to find out: (1) the feasibility of developing science process skills-based LKPD (Student Worksheets): (2) the practicality of developing process skills-based LKPD (Student Worksheets); and (3) The effectiveness of developing LKPD (Student Worksheets) based on science process skills on human excretory system material. The development model in this study is 4D which consists of 4 stages, namely define, design, development, and disseminate the research subject of 30 students of class XI IPA MAS 12 Perbaungan. The research instruments are validation sheets for material experts, linguists, and media experts on feasibility testing, practitioner validation sheets to determine practicality, pretest and posttest sheets for effectiveness testing. The results of this study prove that the skill-based LKPD science process developed is declared very feasible with a percentage of 89.39%, very practical with a percentage of 81.94% and very effective with a high category of learning improvement that has been tested with n-gain with a score of 0.73 and excellent student response with a percentage of 81.58%. The results of this study prove that the developed science process skills-based learner worksheets are very feasible, very practical, and very effective to use in the learning process

Improvement of System Thinking Skills on Excretory System Subject

Background: System thinking skills are a learning process that improves system thinking or systematic thinking in students. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in Systems Thinking Skills (KBS) by using the Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Human Excretion System Material for class XII MIPA students in a school in Subang. Methods: This research method uses quantitative research with a quasy experimental design. Results: The results of the analysis of the increase or N-gain obtained by system thinking skills (KBS) using the guided inquiry model show that there are five categories of high system thinking skills (KBS) indicators, namely the fourth indicator analyzes disorders of the excretory system organs of 0.5472, and the indicator that the lowest, namely the second indicator examines the four functions of the excretory system of 0.0220. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that there is a positive influence of the Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Systems Thinking Skills (KBS) in Excretion System Material for Class XI MIPA Students in Subang Regency. Keywords : Guided Inquiry; Systems Thinking Skills; Learning model

Analysis of critical thinking skills, cognitive learning outcomes, and student activities in learning the human excretory system using an interactive flipbook

This study aims to: (1) analyze the achievement of critical thinking skills, (2) analyze the achievement of cognitive learning outcomes, (3) determine the learning activities carried out, and (4) determine student responses to the use of interactive flipbook media. This study is Quasi Experiment research with a posttest-only control design employing a purposive sampling technique. The data in this study are (1) data on the achievement of critical thinking ability indicators, (2) data on achievement of cognitive levels (C4, C5, and C6), (3) data on student learning activities carried out, and (4) data on student responses to use of interactive flipbook media. The instruments used are (1) critical thinking tests in the form of description questions, (2) cognitive learning outcomes tests in the form of multiple-choice questions, (3) student activity observation sheets, and (4) student response questionnaires. The results obtained in learning the human excretory system using interactive flipbooks are: (1) the level of achievement of critical thinking skills on each indicator can be achieved well, (2)the level achievement of cognitive learning outcomes (C4, C5, and C6) in each category can be achieved well, (3) learning activities that appear and implement in the learning process include visual activities, oral activities, and listening activities, and (4) the use of interactive flipbook media gets a positive response from students. Most respondents agree to use interactive flipbook media to learn the human excretory system. Students also assess that interactive flipbook media are interesting, flexible, practical, meaningful, and not dull.

АНАЛИЗ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ СЛУЧАЕВ ОСТРОГО ПАНКРЕАТИТА НА ФОНЕ КОМОРБИДНЫХ ПАТОЛОГИЙ

The article collects and analyzes the available information on the pathogenesis, features of diagnosis and course of acute pancreatitis in patients with HIV and COVID-19 based on cited scientific papers. Patients with HIV/AIDS can be affected to a wide range of factors for the development of acute pancreatitis, such as opportunistic infections, neoplasms and metabolic changes due to the use of antiretroviral drugs. Morphological changes in the pancreas, including its endocrine, exocrine apparatus and interstitial tissue, as well as the ductal system, observed in about 20% of HIV-infected patients. Pathological and morphological changes in the pancreas during autopsy detected in 90% of cases. With the introduction of combined antiretroviral drugs, new metabolic disorders appeared, such as liver steatosis and lactic acidosis, which also have a toxic effect on the pancreas. COVID-19 can cause severe complications from the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, blood vessels and other vital human systems and organs. Scientists associate the effect of the virus on pancreatic cells with the placement of ACE-2 receptors in the organ. The presence of ACE-2 in non-respiratory organs has a positive effect on the functioning of these tissues. As is known, COVID-19 infection was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus actively replicates using intracellular ARF-2 and then destroys the host cell when it enters the extracellular space [1]. Although COVID-19 refers to respiratory infections, doctors recognize that the disease is multisystem, in other words, it can affect any organ [2]. During the period of COVID-19 disease, the human excretory system ceases to cope with its functions due to oxygen starvation, blood detoxification does not occur. Against this background, multiple organ failure and numerous edemas of the tissues of internal organs develop. The organs of the endo- and exocrine systems suffer, including the organ of mixed secretion – the pancreas. The study of the impact of the new coronavirus infection is the most relevant nowadays, from that moment this infection is relatively young and poorly studied. By analyzing rare clinical cases, we can predict the consequences of the disease and anticipate late complications. The analysis was made on the basis of laboratory and morphological features. Comparison of pancreatitis in patients with HIV and COVID-19 has been conducted. As a result, the most relevant questions on this topic have been formed.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Teknologi Informasi Berbasis Augmented Reality di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

<p><em> Augmented Reality</em> (AR) is a technology that combines virtual objects with real objects. One of the fields that uses AR technology is the field of education, especially for learning information technology, computer installation materials. used as a learning aid to make students better understand the material provided. This study describes the use of AR technology in learning about the human excretory system using AR technology while aiming to increase students' digital literacy and optimize the use of digital media in the learning process. In making learning applications using the AR method, the authors use the Marker Based Tracking AR method. The purpose of this research is to make it easy for students to learn and understand the material, so that learning becomes more interesting and not boring. In this application each object is displayed with a visual image in 3D using animation, sound and attractive colors. The research methods in this study are literature studies, field studies, and sample calculations. The results of this study are mobile applications that are used as a supporting tool to assist the learning process.</p>

Descriptions of Scientific Literacy Skills of 9th Grade of Secondary School Students on Human Excretory System

This study is a quantitative descriptive survey research that aims to describe the level of scientific literacy skills of ninth-grade of secondary school students’ in Angkona sub-district accredicted A and B for 2021/2022 academic year in terms of context, knowledge, and scientific competence on human excretory system topics. Population of this study were all ninth grade of secondary school students accredicted A and B throughout in Angkona sub-district with 252 students, namely SMPN A which was accredicted A; and SMPN B, C, and D were accredicted B. Samples were selected using saturated sample technique so that the samples in this research were 252 students. The instrument of this research was 20 multiple choice questions on human excretory system topics. The data collection technique was by giving tests directly at school and/or giving online test for students who did not come to school via Google Form and/or WhatsApp. The data were analyzed using analysis of quantitative descriptive. The results obtained are the scientific literacy skills of ninth-grade of secondary school students in Angkona sub-district: (1) in the context of science is in “medium”, (2) knowledge of science is in the “medium”, and (3) competence of science is in the “low” category.

Effect of Project-Based Learning Model on Students’ Cognitive Learning Outcomes and Collaborative Skill of Excretion System Concept

This research is quasi-experiment research which aims to: 1) Knowing the effect of implementing Project Based Learning toward students' cognitive learning outcomes on the human excretory system material for class XI MIA at SMA Negeri 2 Pangkep. 2) Knowing the effect of implementing Project Based Learning on students' collaborative skills on the human excretory system material for class XI MIA at SMA Negeri 2 Pangkep. This research uses a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Samples in this study were class XI MIA Plato and XI MIA Alexander Graham Bell. Data collection techniques were used in the form of learning outcomes tests and collaborative skills questionnaires by conducting observations and documentation. The data were collected by giving a pretest and posttest, which were then analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. The hypothesis test using the N-Gain Independent Sample t-Test. The results of this study indicate that: 1) students' cognitive learning outcomes in the experiment class have an average score of 85.17, while the control class is 73.03. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, a significant value was obtained, namely 0.000 < = 0.05. 2) students' collaborative skills in the control class have an average score of 76.66%, while the control class is 59.33. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, a significant value was obtained, namely 0.000 < = 0.05. By looking at the results of hypothesis testing, Project Based Learning affects students' cognitive learning outcomes and collaborative skills of class XI at SMA Negeri 2 Pangkep

Scaffolding Epistemological Access in the Context of Forbidden Discourses: A Case Study of a Grade 4 Natural Science Class in a Namibian School

Qualitative in orientation and using the case study methodology, the research drew upon Margaret Archer’s theory of agency to examine how, at the point of confluence of culture, structure and agency, the teacher’s agency was enabled or constrained in attaining the agential project of scaffolding epistemological access in a Grade 4 Natural Science classroom. The study found that when positioned into a face-to-face relationship, or a direct relationship, with the structural, cultural, and agential causal powers, the teacher’s agential project of scaffolding epistemological access in a Grade 4 Natural Science classroom was constrained than enabled. The teacher was placed into a pedagogical dilemma where on the one hand, structural causal powers (e.g., the curriculum, syllabus, school authorities) demanded the teaching of topics on human sexual reproduction and human excretory systems. At the same time, causal cultural powers exerted by cultural properties, which include values, norms, and taboos, render conversation with young children over sexual reproduction matters and human excretory system forbidden discourses. The study concluded that cultural factors are among the myriad factors that potentially lead to poor performance in Natural Science by Namibian learners and African learners in general. The study recommends that in teacher education programs, it is essential to interrogate the school curriculum regarding its sensitivity and responsiveness to the cultural contexts of both teachers and learners. Similarly, such programs should investigate developing appropriate agential powers of aspiring teachers to resist or circumvent causal cultural powers that obstruct or hinder meaningful science learning.

The Effect of Scaffolding Using the Peer Tutoring Method on Biology Learning Outcomes in the Material of the Human Excretory System

Purpose of the study: To find out the effect of scaffolding using the peer tutoring learning method on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of class IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Muaro Jambi on the subject of the excretory system in humans.
 Methodology: This type of research is a real experiment or true experiment. While the research design used in this study is the Posttest-Only Control Design. The sample in this study was class IX A as the experimental class and class IX D as the control class. The types of data and data sources in this study are quantitative data obtained from the results of tests carried out or data that describe cognitive aspects and qualitative data, namely data obtained from affective and psychomotor aspects. The instrument used for assessing learning outcomes in the cognitive aspect is a written test. Multiple choice questions are used for the posttest in the experimental class and the control class. For the assessment of learning outcomes on the affective aspect a questionnaire was used, and for the assessment of learning outcomes on the psychomotor aspect a worksheet was used for students.
 Main Findings: Scaffolding (providing assistance) using the Peer Tuthoring learning method does not affect the learning outcomes of biology in class IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Muara Jambi in the cognitive aspect, but affects the affective and psychomotor aspects.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: It can be used as material for consideration and information for teachers in selecting appropriate, effective, and efficient learning models in the biology learning process. So that it can improve student learning outcomes in Biology subjects.

The effect of the pre-laboratory journal on the evaluating and designing scientific inquiry skills and socio-emotional of high school students

After over two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, learning policies demands adjustments from teachers and students, especially in practicum and scientific inquiry. To better prepare students for practicum, creating pre-laboratory journals is one approach. This study aimed to assess how pre-laboratory journals impact the development of scientific inquiry skills and socio-emotional growth in high school students. It used a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups and selected participants through cluster random sampling. This study involved 70 students of 11th grade students consisting of 35 students of control class and 35 students of experimental class at Senior High School 1 Cisarua, West Bandung. The instrument used include five test that assessed and designed scientific inquiry skills related to the human excretory system, as part of the scientific literacy framework. The results revealed significant differences in the scientific inquiry skills between high school students in the experimental and control classes (p-value 0.00 0.05). The control class showed a moderate average improvement (N-gain of 0.53), while the experimental class exhibited a high average improvement (N-gain of 0.71). the control group was more anxious than the experimental group. Therefore, using pre-lab journals significantly improved both high school students' scientific skills and emotional well-being.

Implementation of PBL-flipped classroom learning model to improve the learning outcomes of junior high school students in human excretion system materials

This study aims to describe the increase in learning outcomes and student responses by applying the PBL-Flipped Classroom learning model in human excretion system materials. The type of research used is pre-experimental design research through one group pretest-postest design. The subjects in this study were involved as a class VIII-D at Junior High School 1 Tugu. The data collection technique was carried out using a knowledge test in the form of multiple choice questions before and after the PBL-Flipped Classroom learning model was applied and student response questionnaires to the application of the PBL-Flipped Learning model. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The results of the data obtained were then analyzed in the form of student learning outcomes and student responses. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the N-Gain analysis and paired sample t-test. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the N-Gain analysis and paired sample t-test. The results of the N-Gain test obtained were 0.66, which was included in the medium category. Student learning outcomes have increased significantly, with a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. The results of the student response were included in the very good category with a percentage of 99%. Based on the facts above, there is an effect of the PBL-Flipped Classroom learning model to improve the learning outcomes of junior high school students on the human excretion system materials.

Effect of Guided Inquiry-Based Excretion System E-Module to Improve Critical Thinking and ICT Literacy Skills for Students

E-Modules are teaching materials that are converted digitally by including images, videos, and animations. E-Modules can be integrated with Model Guided Inquiry. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of learning using guided inquiry-based E-Modules on students' critical thinking skills and ICT Literacy of students on the subject of the class VII excretion system of SMP 2 Ngaringan. The study population was 207 students of SMP N 2 Ngaringan, Central Java, Indonesia. The research sample used 52 students consisting of 26 students in class VII A and 26 students in class VII B. The results showed that there was a significant effect after giving treatment using Guided inquiry-based E-Modules on students' critical thinking skills and ICT literacy. This is evidenced by the acquisition of Posttest scores for the experimental class ranging from 86.91% on a limited scale and 84.69% on an operational test scale with a high category. The implementation of the syntax of students' critical thinking skills using Inquiry-Based E-Modules has a positive impact on students by increasing the implementation aspects of students' critical thinking skills with an average value of around 96.63% in the high category. The results of the Wilcoxon test at SMP N 2 Ngaringan obtained a sig value. 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average value between before being given a lesson using an E-Module Based on Guided Inquiry and after using an E-Module based on Guided Inquiry on the subject of the human excretory system

Pengaruh Media Kuis Interaktif Menggunakan Aplikasi Kahoot Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Manusia

The development of information technology is increasing rapidly in the era of globalization, making educators required to adapt to technological developments, one of which is by learning interactive quizzes. This study aims to determine the interactive quiz media using the Kahoot application on student learning outcomes on the material of the human excretory system in Class XI MIPA SMAN 10 Tasikmalaya Academic Year 2021/2022. The research method uses a quasi-experimental research design with Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class XI MIPA SMAN 10 Tasikmalaya, as many as four classes totalling 141 students. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with the sample used class XI MIPA 2 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 3 as the control class with several students 71 people. The instrument used in this study was to measure student learning outcomes through a multiple-choice test of 30 questions referring to indicators C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. The data analysis technique used is the independent t-test. The results showed a significant effect of the interactive quiz method using the Kahoot application on student learning outcomes with a significance value (of 0.002). These positive results can be used as a reference for educators to use Kahoot in supporting teaching and learning activities

Initial Investigation of the Development A Science Practical Work Demonstration Video for SMP/MTs Oriented to Critical Thinking on the Human Excretory System

The curriculum in Indonesia requires students to think critically. Video demonstrations on science can improve the quality of education because students learn to think critically. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of developing a science practical work demonstration video which is oriented to critical thinking on the human excretory system. The method used in this research is the Plomp development method, which consists of three stages, namely preliminary research, prototyping stage, and assessment stage. In this article only discusses the initial investigation, namely preliminary research by provide student analysis questionnaires to 26 studenst at SMP N 1 sub-district of Guguak. The result of this initial investigation is the video demonstrations have the potential to improve students critical thinking skills.

THE INFLUENCE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA

The use of inappropriate learning models and learning media can affect student learning outcomes, by carrying out conventional learning which tends to be teacher centered so that students become passive and have low learning outcomes, it is necessary to make learning efforts involving teacher and student interaction, then by using cooperative learning models assisted by audio-visual media is expected to have a good influence on student biology learning outcomes. This research was conducted from March to May 2022. This study used a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experiment Design research design in the Nonequivalent Control Group Design, namely an experimental design by looking at the differences in pre-test and post-test between the experimental group and the control group, the test instrument was pre-test and post-test. This study has a sample of class XI MIA – 3 as the experimental class and XI MIA - 4 as a control. The average result of the experimental post-test was 96.3 and the average post-test control was 85.7. So that the experimental class has added value for the better and there is an influence on the application of cooperative learning models assisted by audio-visual media on biology learning outcomes for class XI students on the subject of the human excretory system at MAN 1 Medan. With the ttest test of the Experimental Class and Control Class, it has been obtained that tcount is 4.004 and ttable is 1.672, so that it shows tcount > ttable, then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

Characteristics of National Standardized School Examination Test Items on Biology Subject in High School

A good test instrument is required to measure students’ academic abilities. For final-year students, this ability is measured by USBN tests. This study aimed to analyses the characteristics of biology test items in the National Standardized School Examination (USBN) and analyses item tests categorized as difficult and poor. Type of study was descriptive exploratory with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the classical test and item response theories with 1 logistic parameter model. Qualitative data analysis described why such question items are categorized as difficult and poor according to the classical test theory. The data were collected by using documentation of the answers of 193 students. The study results show that, according the classical test theory, Biology USBN item tests had the average difficulty index of 0.525 (moderate category) and the average of discrimination index obtained is equal to 0.124 (good category). Based on the item response theory, the mean difficulty index was -0.00029 (moderate category). The reliability test estimation result was 0.51, categorized as moderate. The qualitative analysis result showed that items categorized as difficult are the food web in the ecosystem, nervous system, and human excretion system.

Developmen Of Digital Scrapbook Learning Media On Human System Excretion For Grade 8th Junior High School

Learning media are tools used to help convey learning material in the teaching and learning process so that it makes it easier to achieve learning objectives. To increase students 'interest in reading learning media, learning media is needed that can attract students' attention, one of which is scrapbook. Scrapbook is a book made by attaching pictures or words and inscriptions on the book. Along with advances in technology, scrapbooks can also be made digitally and can be accessed using cellphones and computers. This type of research is development research using a 4-D model consisting of define, design, develop and disseminate. but the disseminate was not done. In the field of definition, it consists of beginning-end analysis, student analysis, task analysis, concept analysis and learning objective analysis. At the design stage, a digital scrapbook learning media is designed. At the development stage, a validator test was carried out, namely a science education lecturer at FMIPA UNP and a practical test by grade 8th teachers and students of the Darul Falah Lubuk Tarok Islamic Boarding School. human excretion system material can be used as a learning medium, with the high validity category of the validator. The level of practicality of digital scrapbook learning media with a high category by the teacher and a very high category for students

Application of Flipped Classroom on Students' Learning Motivation on Human Excretion System Material

The low motivation of students is one of the problems in learning. Motivation is an impulse that causes an action to occur in order to achieve a goal. Evidence of the low level of understanding of students is seen from the average value of 32.26% which is still below the minimum completeness criteria. One of the efforts that can be done in solving motivational problems is to apply the flipped classroom model. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the flipped classroom model on the motivation of students on the human excretory system material carried out in 2 high schools, namely SMA Negeri 1 Tapaktuan and SMA Negeri 1 Sawang. This research is quantitative through a Quasi-Experimental approach with a Non-randomized control group design, posttest-only design. The research sample was 195 students who were divided into two groups, namely 97 control groups and 98 experimental groups. The instrument used in this study was an ARCS motivation questionnaire. Motivation data were analyzed using the Anova test. The results of research on motivation show the value of Asymp Sig (0.00) < (0.05) which means that the application of the flipped classroom model has a significant effect on motivation. The conclusion in this study is that the application of the flipped classroom model has a significant effect on learning outcomes and student motivation

Profil Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik SMP pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Manusia

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze and find out the truth of the information obtained in order to determine the right decision. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical level of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Bungkal, especially on the material of the human excretory system. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects used were students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 2 Bungkal, Ponorogo who collected 30 students using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques consist of interviews and tests. The research instrument consisted of a teacher interview sheet and a critical thinking question instrument that had been validated by expert lecturers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The results showed that in the aspect of interpreting the average score was 34.66 (very low), analyzing 38.66 (low), evaluate 55.33 (enough), concluding 29.99 (very low), explaining 58.66 (enough). So that overall students' critical thinking is included in the low category with an average value of 43.46. This research is important because it can be used as input for teachers to design learning using appropriate models and approaches so that they can develop and improve students' critical thinking