Human Development Index Research Articles

Global epidemiological profile in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prediction study

ObjectivesThis study delineates the global nasopharyngeal carcinoma’s (NPC) incidence and mortality across 185 countries in 2020 and projects the disease’s burden by 2040.DesignA prediction study.SettingCountries within the 20 world regions.ParticipantsGlobal...

Human Development On The Educational Dimension in East Kutai Regency

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a key metric for measuring achievement in improving human well-being. Various factors, such as economic growth and household expenditure, can have an impact on education's human development dimension. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic expansion on household expenditure and human development in terms of schooling. The data analysis technique employs Multiple Regression with SmartPLS SEM (Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling) software. According to the study's findings, economic growth has a significant effect on household spending, but not on human development in the educational dimension, household spending has a significant impact on economic development in the educational dimension, and household spending can mediate the influence of economic growth on human development in the educational dimension in East Kutai. Finally, it is vital to boost economic growth based on the agricultural sector, which can improve the welfare of the community, hence increasing human development in the educational dimension in East Kutai Regency.

Polygenic Selection and Environmental Influence on Adult Body Height: Genetic and Living Standard Contributions Across Diverse Populations.

We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 51 populations and combined WGS and array data from 89 populations. Multiple types of polygenic scores (PGS) were employed, derived from multi-ancestry, between-family genome-wide association study (GWAS; MIX-Height), European-ancestry, between-family GWAS (EUR-Height), and European-ancestry siblings GWAS (SIB-Height). Our findings demonstrate that both genetic and environmental factors significantly influence adult body height between populations. Models that included both genetic and environmental predictors best explained population differences in adult body height, with the MIX-Height PGS and environmental factors (Human Development Index [HDI] + per capita caloric intake) achieving an R2 of .83. Our findings shed light on Deaton's 'African paradox', which noted the relatively tall stature of African populations despite poor nutrition and childhood health. Contrary to Deaton's hypotheses, we demonstrate that both genetic differences and environmental factors significantly influence body height in countries with high infant mortality rates. This suggests that the observed tall stature in African populations can be attributed, in part, to a high genetic predisposition for body height. Furthermore, tests of divergent selection based on the QST (i.e., standardized measure of the genetic differentiation of a quantitative trait among populations) and FST (neutral marker loci) measures exceeded neutral expectations, reaching statistical significance (p < .01) with the MIX-Height PGS but not with the SIB-Height PGS. This result indicates potential selective pressures on body height-related genetic variants across populations.

The Effect of Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality and Consumption on Poverty Levels in All Provinces in Indonesia

The Effect of Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality and Consumption on Poverty Levels in All Provinces in Indonesia

Awareness and capacities of 103 countries to address antimicrobial resistance from 2017 to 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern, compromising the effectiveness of treatments for infections and being referred to as a silent pandemic. This study examines the factors associated with AMR awareness and capacities across 103 countries from 2017 to 2020. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether factors such as Human Development Index (HDI), Civil Liberties (CL), Gender Equality (GE), Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Healthcare Workforce Density (HWD), and State Party Self-Assessment Annual Report (SPAR) scores are significantly associated with countries’ AMR awareness and capacities. The results identified that the majority of countries had Very High HDI, Full Freedom, Fair GE, Low UHC, High HWD, and Low SPAR scores. However, despite these generally favorable profiles, the majority still lack sufficient awareness and capacity to address AMR. This underscores the importance of strengthening AMR awareness and capacities globally, regardless of a country’s characteristics. Significant associations were observed between these factors and AMR awareness and capacities (χ2). UHC emerged as the only factor significantly associated with AMR capacities, where countries with low AMR capacities are more frequently found among countries that also have poor UHC (OR = 10.49, 8.96, and 12.92 across various models; all p < 0.05). This finding highlights the potential to improve the AMR capacities of countries through the achievement of UHC targets.

The Effect of HDI, Population Density, Poverty, and Income Inequality on Criminality in DKI Jakarta Province

The purpose of this study is to examine how the human development index, population density, poverty rate, and income inequality affect the crime rate in DKI Jakarta Province from 2014 to 2022. The data used in this study came from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The method used is panel data regression with the Common Effect Model (CEM) which is the best model. The results showed that the level of human development, population, and poverty had a positive and significant impact on the crime rate in DKI Jakarta Province from 2014 to 2022. Meanwhile, income inequality has a positive but insignificant effect on the crime rate. Together, the human development index (HDI), population density, poverty rate, and income inequality affect the crime rate in DKI Jakarta Province from 2014 to 2022.

Does national intellectual capital matter for productivity? International evidence

PurposeIn the context of the contemporary globalized environment and the rapid progression of Industry 4.0, the existing literature suggests that national intellectual capital does play a significant role in shaping diverse economic metrics. However, the connection between national intellectual capital and total factor productivity (TFP) has been largely overlooked. This paper examines the effect of national intellectual capital on productivity across 84 countries, encompassing diverse income levels, human development index (HDI) levels and continents.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS), generalized method of moments (GMM) and pooled mean group (PMG) estimation techniques on a sample of 84 economies from 2000 to 2019.FindingsThe results reveal a significant effect of national intellectual capital on productivity. Countries with robust intellectual capital exhibit enhanced productivity and, by extension, sustainable economic growth. The findings are nuanced, illustrating varied impacts across low, middle and high-income countries and offering insights into tailored strategies for each income group. Nations with lower HDI levels derive significant benefits from investments in intellectual capital, whereas higher HDI countries experience lower returns in productivity gains from additional intellectual capital investments. Interestingly, Latin America exhibits a paradoxical negative effect of national intellectual capital on TFP.Practical implicationsThis paper makes a significant contribution to the literature by extending the discourse on intellectual capital to the national level, an area that has been relatively underexplored. The comparative analysis across income groups, human development index levels and continents enriches the understanding of the multifaceted impacts of intellectual capital on productivity. These insights are valuable for policymakers, researchers and international development agencies, providing a comprehensive perspective on how intellectual capital influences productivity in diverse economic and developmental contexts.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study to investigate the impact of national intellectual capital on productivity across 84 countries, considering diverse income levels, HDI levels and continents.

A Systematic Review on Multidimensional Poverty Measurement

Multidimensional poverty measurement (MPI) offers a more comprehensive framework for understanding poverty, as it includes various non-income dimensions such as education, health, and living standards. Traditional poverty measures, typically based on income thresholds, fail to capture the full spectrum of deprivation experienced by the poor. This systematic review examines key MPI methodologies, focusing on the widely used Alkire-Foster method and the Human Development Index, and explores how they are applied in different regional contexts. The review evaluates both the strengths and limitations of these approaches, including challenges related to indicator selection, weighting, and data availability. Furthermore, it discusses the policy implications of adopting MPI in national and global anti-poverty strategies, highlighting how MPI can offer policymakers more precise insights into the multidimensional nature of poverty. By synthesizing findings from recent empirical studies, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on refining poverty measurement tools to better inform policy interventions and enhance poverty alleviation efforts globally. The review underscores the potential of MPI to address the shortcomings of unidimensional approaches and its importance in formulating more targeted, effective poverty reduction strategies.

Green Growth Index for India: Drivers, Disparities and Ramifications

This article introduces a novel green growth index, offering a new benchmark for assessing the performance of Indian States in sustainable development. Departing from traditional indices like the HDI and SDG Index, our approach integrates economic, environmental and social factors, providing a comprehensive perspective on sustainable development. The study emphasizes the critical role of energy use and input utilization efficiency as major drivers of green growth disparities, alongside conventional economic growth. The findings suggest that robust governance institutions are also key contributors to green growth. The research reveals that states with higher GDP generally exhibit better performance on the GGI but also underscores the importance of addressing the uneven development across different pillars of green growth .The insights and methodologies presented here are poised to inform targeted policy interventions and contribute to ongoing efforts in promoting inclusive and sustainable green growth, taking into consideration the complex trade-offs between environmental protection and socio-economic inequalities.

Pengaruh Kemiskinan dan Kesempatan Kerja Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

This study aims to analyze the effect of poverty and employment opportunities on the human development index (HDI) in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research method. The data used in this study are poverty data (X1) and employment opportunities (X2) and the human development index (Y) in 17 regencies/cities in Southeast Sulawesi Province with an observation period of 5 years (2019-2023). The data analysis technique in this study is Panel Data Regression Analysis using Eviews 12. The results of the study show that poverty has a negative and insignificant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This shows that if poverty increases, the Human Development Index will decrease and employment opportunities have a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI) variable in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This shows that if employment opportunities increase, the Human Development Index will also increase.

Dinamika Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2018-2022

This research aims to find out the influence of the Poverty Severity Index, Number of Poor Population, PDRB per Capita, and Number of Aid Recipients on the Human Development Index in West Java in 2018-2022. The research carried out is a type of quantitative descriptive research. The research tool used is panel data regression analysis with the selected Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Based on the panel data regression, it is explained that the Poverty Severity Index and the Number of Poor People have a negative effect on the Human Development Index, while PDRB per Capita and the Number of Aid Recipients have a positive effect on the Human Development Index in West Java Province in 2018-2022.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Nusa Tenggara Timur

Poverty is a problem of socio-economic conditions characterized by a lack of meeting basic needs. Indonesia still experiences poverty problems, especially in remote areas and among the informal sector workers. Poverty is influenced by several factors such as education, access to resources, financial management, wages and infrastructure development. The purpose of this research is to understand the influence of the open unemployment rate, human development index, and economic growth on poverty in the Regencies of East Sumba, Sabu Raijua, Central Sumba, and West Sumba from 2013 to 2022. This type of research is quantitative, and applies data secondary which is available on the BPS East Nusa Tenggara website. Eviews12 software is used to perform panel data regression. In this research, the Fixed-Effect Model (FEM) is considered the most appropriate. Based on the research results, the variables of open unemployment rate, Human Development Index, and economic growth simultaneously influence the poverty level. Specifically, the open unemployment rate has a significant effect on the poverty rate in the East Sumba, Sabu Raijua, Central Sumba and West Sumba regions from 2013 to 2022.

Capability choices in tourism and economic activities: The influence of human development

We applied Sen’s capabilities approach to examine how human development influences the association between tourism expansion and economic growth in different groups of developed, developing, and transitional countries. The mediation test explores the distinctive patterns of the Human Development Index as a mediator between tourism and per capita GDP. Developed nations exhibit a significant negative mediation effect, hinting at saturation and competition challenges, while developing and transition economies showcase a positive and considerable mediation effect, emphasizing the potential for tourism to fuel economic growth under favorable human development conditions. In addition, we conducted a convergent cross-mapping causality test highlighting the contextual nuances in the tourism-growth relationship.

Is There an Impending Epidemic of Myopia in Southeast Asia? An Appraisal of the Evidence

Predictions on the future prevalence of myopia suggest one of the Global Burden of Disease regions will develop an epidemic like in East Asia and Singapore in Southeast Asia. This paper analyses the available evidence on prevalence of myopia in this region, concluding that the bulk of the evidence suggests that the prevalence of myopia at the end of schooling is still modest, although two papers suggest that in young adults in Thailand and Indonesia, the prevalence of myopia may be approaching levels typical of the epidemic of myopia. It also analyses an indicator of expected years of education at school entry, as well as current educational levels of adults, using data from the calculation of the UN Human Development Index. It then analyses the results obtained by the countries of the Southeast Asian region in the PISA international surveys of student achievement. Neither of these educational indicators suggests an impending epidemic of myopia. There is a need for more data to clarify this uncertainty. It is suggested that future collection of data concentrate on determining the prevalence of myopia in young adults finishing their schooling. Even methodology as simple as determining levels of lowered visual acuity in senior school students should be sufficient to resolve the uncertainty. This group provides a sound basis for the prediction of future levels of myopia in the adult population, and avoids the impact of the high levels of myopia and high myopia associated with cataract development that occur in much of Southeast Asia.

Global burden of lung cancer in 2022 and projections to 2050: Incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN

Lung cancer continues to pose a serious global public health challenge. Timely evidence on the global epidemiological profile of the disease is crucial to facilitate the implementation to lung cancer control efforts. This study provides updated global estimates for lung cancer incidence and mortality in 2022, along with projections for new cases and deaths up to 2050. In the population-based study, we extracted data about lung cancer new cases and deaths from GLOBOCAN 2022 database across 185 countries or territories. We analyzed age-standardized rates by sex, country, region, and human development index (HDI). Projected new cases and deaths for 2050 were estimated using global demographic projections. In 2022, lung cancer stood as the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths on a global scale with approximately 2.48 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer exhibited disparities in sex and world regions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates increasing as HDI increased. If the incidence and mortality rates remain stable as in 2022, the burden of lung cancer is projected to increase to 4·62 million new cases and 3·55 million deaths by 2050. Lung cancer is the predominant form of cancer and the foremost contributor to cancer-related mortality in 2022 with notable geographical, sex, and socioeconomic disparities.

Intellectual Potential of Kyrgyzstan

The article is a study of the intellectual potential of Kyrgyzstan, its state and development opportunities. The author proposes a methodology for analyzing intellectual potential based on five groups of criteria: standard indicators of international rankings and indices (human development index, innovative development index, Hirsch index); the state of the socio-cultural environment for the development of intellectual potential; the state of the educational infrastructure for the development of intellectual potential; the level of scientific impetus (the presence of scientific infrastructure and scientific community, scientific elite); state support for science (expenditures on scientific research and development work, state strategies for the development of science and education). Based on the analysis of statistical data and government documents, the most vulnerable areas of the development of the country’s intellectual potential are identified: insufficient environment for the development of intellectual potential, insufficient scientific impetus, insufficient availability and quality of educational infrastructure, insufficient conditions and opportunities for the reproduction and development of the intellectual elite, in particular the scientific elite of the country. It is concluded that Kyrgyzstan has not yet formed the institutional foundations of a unified scientific policy that would contribute to solving the problems of innovative development of the country and ensuring its scientific and technological sovereignty.

Factors Influencing Industrial Agglomeration in Indonesia

This study analyzes the factors affecting industrial agglomeration in Indonesia using panel data from 34 provinces during the 2012-2023 period. The analytical methods employed include Location Quotient (LQ) and panel data regression, with testing results indicating that the Fixed Effect model is the most appropriate. The findings reveal that economic growth and investment have a negative and significant impact on industrial agglomeration, while the Human Development Index (HDI) shows a negative but insignificant effect. On the other hand, population size has a positive and significant influence on agglomeration.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF POVERTY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETS IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE

&lt;p&gt;Poverty and economic growth are still indicators of a country's success in managing its resources and population. Countries in the world have agreed to make poverty alleviation the first sustainable development priority. This article aims to look at the spatial distribution pattern of poverty and regional characteristics, as well as the pattern and structure of economic growth in city districts in East Java Province. The methods used include spatial autocorrelation analysis, regional financial capability analysis, Klassen typology, and regional characteristics analysis. Based on the pattern of poverty distribution for the period 2014 – 2023, poverty in East Java Province tends to change with the dominance of class 2 poverty. Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep regencies tend to experience a stable poverty pattern in Class 3. Pockets of poverty are clustered on Madura Island with a percentage poverty is above 18% and the characteristics of a low Human Development Index (HDI) value, low number of (people’s business credit (KUR) recipients, inadequate sanitation, not very high economic growth, and frequent flood disasters. As many as 65.78% of areas in East Java Province have high financial capacity, so that policy direction can be focused on poverty pocket areas with a high percentage of poverty, through increasing HDI, optimizing KUR, fulfilling adequate sanitation, increasing disaster response, and developing leading sectors. for increasing Original Regional Income (PAD) and economic growth.&lt;/p&gt;

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran, Pertumbuhan Penduduk dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Kota Banjarmasin

This research aims to see the variables of the Unemployment Rate, Population Growth and Economic Growth partially and simultaneously on the Human Development Index in Banjarmasin City as well as the factors that have the most dominant influence on the Human Development Index in Banjarmasin City. This research uses a multiple linear regression model with the Eviews 10 application. The results obtained from this research are that the Unemployment Rate, Population Growth and Economic Growth together have a significant effect on the Human Development Index in Banjarmasin City. This research explains 93% of the dependent variable while the other 7% is explained by other variables outside this research model. The Economic Growth variable is the variable that most dominantly influences the HDI in Banjarmasin City.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan (Studi Kasus 5 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan)

The study aims to see the effect of economic growth variables, human development index (HDI) and open unemployment rate partially and simultaneously on the poverty rate in 5 districts / cities of South Kalimantan Province in 2013-2022. This research uses the panel data regression calculation method with the help of the Eviews 12 application. The scope of this research takes 5 districts / cities in South Kalimantan Province, namely Tanah Bumbu,, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Hulu Sungai Tengah and Banjarmasin City. The results of this study: (1) Economic Growth has a positive and insignificant effect. (2) Human Development Index has a negative and significant effect. (3) Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant effect. (4) Simultaneously, the variables of Economic Growth, Human Development Index and Open Unemployment Rate affect the Poverty Rate in 5 Regency / City of South Kalimantan Province in 2013-2022.