Human Capital In Rural Areas Research Articles

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ФИНАНСОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ АПК В КОНТЕКСТЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РФ

the article presents the growth dynamics of the gross domestic product of the Rus-sian Federation, the branches of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federa-tion for the period 2016-2020, a comparative analysis of growth rates is carried out. The outstripping pace of development of the agro-industrial complex has been es-tablished in comparison with other sectors of the Russian economy. The directions for adjusting the legal documents of the Russian Federation regulating the digitali-zation of agricultural activities are substantiated in the context of the development of human capital in rural areas, strengthening the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex. The results of the study can be used by state authorities of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Fed-eration in the preparation of programs for sectoral and territorial development.

On the question of the development of rural areas in Ukraine

The article explores the development of rural areas in Ukraine. In particular, the existing general problems of rural development were identified, the ways and prospects of their solution were outlined. It is determined that the key components of rural development are production (agricultural activities and other activities not related to agriculture), social (welfare, improving the quality of human capital in rural areas, preservation of traditions, moral and spiritual values), environmental conservation of natural resources of rural areas, environmentally friendly land use). It is substantiated that the interaction of these components will allow to form a social and economic environment for sustainable development of rural areas. The article states that the successful development of rural areas is to use an integrated approach to solving problems and conscientious fulfillment of obligations, which will increase the efficiency of community budgets and stabilize the social and economic situation of communities, regions and the country as a whole.

Influence of the income level of the rural population on the formation of human capital in rural areas of China

Influence of the income level of the rural population on the formation of human capital in rural areas of China

Economic essence and content of the "human capital" category

Introduction. Modern trends in the socio-economic development of rural areas bring to the fore the conceptual search for reserves of their sustainable functioning and the growth of the problem of the formation of human capital with new qualitative properties and characteristics, as well as raise the issue of its effective use aimed at revealing the endogenous potential of rural areas. In the domestic practice of managing the functioning of rural territories, the laws of their differentiation according to the level of promotion of organizational and infrastructural conditions for the expanded reproduction of human capital, which, in turn, determines the level of socio-economic well-being of the rural settlement network, are increasingly clearly visible. Goal. The purpose of the study is to develop an author's approach to the formation of theoretical foundations for the development of human capital in rural areas. Method (methodology). The theoretical and methodological basis of the conducted research is general scientific methods (dialectical, structural and functional) of knowledge of the phenomena and processes under investigation, as well as special methods were used. The results. On the basis of the conducted research, it was established that the human capital of rural areas is the cumulative result of this process, the fact that at the present stage its characteristic feature is initiative and independence and has both a positive and negative impact on the socio-economic sphere of rural areas, that is, they are in an interdependent position.

DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE IN THE SYSTEM OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES

The article states that the modern global economic space promotes integration between countries in both economic and political sense, strengthening the trade ties, cooperation and partnership between countries. Sustainable economic development is an objective necessity for the further development of production relations in the world. Authors emphasize there is a need to deepen trade relations between Ukraine and the EU on the basis of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, which is a section of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. It is noted that one of the reasons of the crisis in rural areas of Ukraine is the nonfunctional nature of rural development, the basis of which is agriculture. It is substantiated that important direction of rural development policy in Ukraine is the state support for the formation, accumulation and use of human capital in rural areas. It is emphasized that the decisive influence on the development of rural areas of each macro- or micro-region has available resource potential. It was emphasized that the diversification of the rural economy should be based on the use of domestic potential, in particular, on the development of small and medium enterprises. It is noted that the issues of climate change, efficient use of resources and territorial balance are on the agenda in the EU today. The EU is in the process of finding the most effective and far-sighted ways out of the crisis, focusing on building a more competitive economy with a high level of employment. It is proposed to develop a set of regional programs for the development of rural areas of Ukraine; to focus public policy on the development of human capital as the basis for the functioning of the village; to provide an appropriate institutional structure capable of continuous monitoring of the state of rural areas and facilitate the exchange of experiences with European countries and other developed countries.

Effective use of human capital in rural areas

Effective use of human capital in rural areas

The influence of socio-demographic factors on the reproduction of human capital in rural areas

The article is devoted to topical issues of the impact of socio-economic conditions on the reproduction of human capital in rural areas. The analysis of the main indicators describing the demographic situation, namely: the birth rate and mortality rate, natural growth rate, employment rate and unemployment of the rural population. The main manifestations that characterize the current demographic problems of rural development, in particular the negative trend in mortality, which significantly exceeds the birth rate, reducing the number of women of childbearing age, reducing the number of households with children, the excess of dead women compared to men The emergence of a number of rural settlements that are on the verge of extinction or have prospects for extinction It contains the results of the analysis, which indicate the need to develop a plan for the development of preschool and school facilities, providing health care facilities with pediatricians located in rural areas. The research made it possible to identify a tendency to increase the costs of rural households with the advent of further child care, as well as to identify a number of circumstances that affect the costs of its development. It is substantiated that the social policy of the state and the actions of the Government of Ukraine should be focused on solving the issues of poverty, which envisages measures for the social protection of families in which children are born. On the basis of statistical data the infrastructural providing of process of reproduction of human capital of rural territories of the country is considered. It was revealed that an important obstacle to the prospects for the development of rural settlements is their inadequate provision of preschool and school educational institutions. Brought, that the policy of optimizing the network of medical and educational institutions in rural areas, low rates of development of social and engineering infrastructure of rural areas have a negative impact on their attractiveness. Key words: rural areas, development, rural population, socio-economic factors, demographic situation.

Conditions for human capital formation in rural areas of Russian North Asia

In modern conditions, human capital is of great importance in the production of the value of goods and services. At present, the social and living conditions of people in rural areas lag far behind urban ones. Russia has identified a socially oriented model of society development among the development priorities for the coming years, which involves the support of social spheres of the economy that determine the conditions for human capital development. The article discusses the main conditions for the formation of human capital in rural areas of North Asia, which covers the territories of the least populated federal districts – Siberian, Ural and Far Eastern. The selected entities are different in terms of economic development and infrastructural potential. The article highlights the main factors in the formation of human capital and the conditions for its development in this region. The importance of the role of the state in ensuring the availability and improving the quality of social services, reducing the differences between rural and urban living conditions is shown.

Research on the Cultivation Path of High Quality Farmers

The cultivation of high-quality farmers is the key to promoting the revitalization of rural talents. Through the shortcomings of rural human capital, it is proposed that high-quality farmers are important human capital in rural areas. On the basis of summarizing the guidance theory of high-quality farmer cultivation, drawing on the successful experience of professional farmer cultivation in developed countries, exploring the “four three two one” high-quality farmer cultivation path that fits the local demands, that is, the “four in one”, and optimizing vocational training System; “Three Educations Synergy” to build a multi-level agricultural education system; “Two drives together” to improve the quality of community education; “A game of chess”to build a lifelong education “overpass” to promote life-long learning and other multi-integrated high-quality farmer cultivation paths.

Human capital in rural areas of the Chelyabinsk region

The significance and scientific novelty of the approach proposed in the article to the peculiarities of human capital formation in rural areas, acceptable for analyzing the current state of this phenomenon and constructing the optimal trajectory of its development, is substantiated, firstly, by taking into account the modern features of rural areas, including their multifunctionality; secondly, by positioning human capital not only as an individual, but also as a social phenomenon; thirdly, by integrating into the concept of such characteristics of human capital in rural areas as its relativity (network nature) and cumulativeness ( possibility of accumulation within territorial boundaries); fourthly, the identification of the human capital of rural areas as a complex adaptive system, spatially localized, associated with other systems, evolving under the influence of factors of micro-, meso-, macro-levels. The article discusses the concept of human capital in the context of rural areas and identifies their features. A logical scheme for the study of the peculiarities of the formation of human capital of agricultural business entities is proposed.

ОЦЕНКА СООТВЕТСТВИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА УСЛОВИЯМ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Theoretical and practical developments in the field of human capital development and ensuring the processes of its use can be found in various works of Russian and foreign authors. The results of scientific works create the necessary basis for studying the human capital of rural areas. At the same time, despite a significant number of studies, a number of issues such as the assessment of rural human capital, criteria and indicators of its formation, as well as the features of such measurements related to the specifics of rural areas, require the development of new methodological approaches. The existing methods, firstly, do not always determine both the level of human capital in rural areas and the conditions for its formation, and, secondly, they include various indicator systems that are difficult to interpret when conducting a study. In this regard, the results of such assessments lead to significant discrepancies in the size of rural human capital and, accordingly, it is impossible to take the necessary management measures for its normal reproduction and development in accordance with the conditions of formation. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to develop a methodology based on a point-rating assessment of the level of human capital of rural territories by its elements (health, education, culture and sports) and the conditions of its formation (demographic and migration, infrastructure, socio-economic), testing, which in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation using cluster analysis revealed the types of rural territories with different degrees of balance. The practical application of the developed methodology made it possible to identify the leading regions and outsider regions, which will help the authorities to make timely management decisions to equalize the current situation in rural areas of the regions.

Education as a factor in the formation of human capital in rural areas.

The article considers the influence of education on the formation of a qualitative component of human capital in rural areas. The current state of educational training of the rural population is being assessed. The main root causes of the low share of residents of rural settlements with higher education have been identified. It is proved that the low level of prestige of agricultural work is almost the main factor that prevents young people from choosing agricultural education and stimulates them after graduation - to work in other sectors of the economy. It is established that the relatively low educational level of the rural population of Ukraine is due not only to limited access to general secondary and higher education, but also to the constant migration losses of the most active part of young people who go to cities for higher education and try to stay there. An assessment of the current state of scientific work of institutions of higher education in agriculture. The root causes of low activity in attracting private investment in the development of innovative products have been identified. It is established that the current financial support of innovation in higher education institutions does not correspond to the real possibilities of their scientific potential. This situation limits the development and effectiveness of innovation, as well as the prospects for its commercialization. On the basis of generalization of foreign and domestic experience of higher education institutions of agrarian profile the forms of development of public-private partnership of higher education institution with agrarian business are offered. The root causes of the reluctance of scientists of higher education institutions to engage in the development of innovative products for the needs of business entities in the field of agribusiness have been clarified. In order to form an entrepreneurial environment in agricultural universities, it is necessary to create conditions under which scientists will have the opportunity to develop innovative projects based on infrastructure support, namely: jobs, expert advice, opportunities to communicate with the business community. In the university - is the formation of a single educational research and innovation space, which will involve departments, research laboratories and small innovative enterprises created with the participation of scientists of the departments, as well as students, graduate students and doctoral students. The necessity of forming a system of intensive human education on the basis of mass retraining both at the expense of personal human resources and at the expense of social investments of business groups is substantiated, which will allow to support the continuous process of "lifelong learning". Key words: human capital, sustainable development, rural areas, expanded reproduction, socio-economic instruments, education, innovation infrastructure.

МОНИТОРИНГ УСЛОВИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The article discusses the problems that arise when monitoring the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas, since, despite the sufficient number of works on monitoring the human capital in rural areas or the agricultural sector, the integral system of quantitative socio-economic indicators for assessing the human capital development conditions in rural areas remains poorly studied. First of all, a basic concept of monitoring is given, as well as an applied concept - monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas, which is understood as a system of constant monitoring, collection, registration, storage and analysis of several key parameters that assess the conditions for the formation and development of congenital and accumulated physical, mental and personal abilities and qualities of the population of rural areas, as well as acquiring knowledge and skills that can be used by them in order to deliver economic income or social effect. The monitoring process is presented in detail in the relationship of this category with concepts close to it (diagnostics, as a preliminary stage, monitoring as the main stage, appropriate policy development, as the final stage). The diversity of monitoring indicators used in the social sphere of human life is reflected: for rural areas, for the agrarian sphere, for the regional socio-economic system, for the development of municipalities' social and labor systems, for social factors of the region's development, etc. The authors' idea of an integral system of indicators for monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas is given, which is a combination of six blocks: health care, education, culture and sports, demography and migration, infrastructure, as well as socio-economic conditions.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФОРМАХ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ АПК

The essence of the developing human capital in rural areas is to provide each enterprise in the industry with qualified personnel and efficient and rational use of human labor. The purpose of this study is to highlight the features of the formation of human capital in various forms of organization of agricultural business. The methodological basis of the research is the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the formation and development of human capital, including its formation in rural areas. The information base of the study was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Department of Agroindustrial Complex of the Kurgan Region. In the course of the study, the methods of scientific generalization and grouping were used, as well as methods of statistical analysis, comparison, which make it possible to carry out the necessary statistical data processing, their interpretation and drawing conclusions arising from the study. The author revealed that formation and use of human resources in the agricultural enterprises of the Trans-Urals is extremely uneven. Large disparities are reflected not only in the quantitative, but also in the qualitative state of the available human capital, as well as in the level of its use. Thus, a large share of those employed in agricultural production is occupied by people of pre-retirement age. Working-age workers in rural areas, as well as young people, are mainly not satisfied with working conditions, low wages and underdeveloped rural infrastructure. The solution to the problem of the outflow of the rural population of the Trans-Urals lies only in changing the named parameters, but also in stimulating various forms of management by providing subsidies, concessional lending, state support, and implementing a program for the financial recovery of agricultural producers, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of agricultural production.

Социально-экономические условия развития человеческого капитала сельских территорий

Abstract. Agricultural regions of the Russian Federation, whose strategic economic sector is agriculture, have significant opportunities for economic growth and development. They are highly important for ensuring the country's food security and depend significantly on the state of human capital of their rural territories. In this regard, the research objective of this study is to analyze the socio-economic conditions for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas of the Kurgan region (as a traditional agricultural region of the Ural Federal District and one of the ten depressed regions of the Russian Federation identified as such by the Government of the Russian Federation). Results. The article presents the results of assessing the level of development of the agricultural sector of the economy and the state of the social infrastructure of the region as the most important conditions for the formation of human capital accumulated within its territory. On the basis of theoretical generalizations, a rigorous analysis of statistical data, results of the surveys it was offered summarized information, indicating that (1) the economic conditions for the development of rural areas favor the formation and development of human capital of the required quality due to the current positive trends in the field of specialization of production, its technical equipment, technological innovation, stimulating state policy, (2) in the village there is a low level of development of social infrastructure, leading in turn low attractiveness of rural areas for highly professional, educated, creative professionals who are the basis of human capital in any field of activity. Scientific novelty. The results obtained in this research have theoretical novelty and practical value, including: 1) justification of the importance of creating a decent socio-economic environment for the development of remote territories; 2) conclusions confirming the need to provide special conditions for attracting unique specialists to rural areas; 3) arguments for stimulating convergence processes necessity in the levels of socio-economic development of all rural territories.

Peculiarities of reproduction of human capital in rural areas

The article summarizes the factors that have the most significant negative impact on the development of social and economic spheres of rural areas. Research on the response of human capital to destructive manifestations in the economy is highlighted, as well as a number of factors of manifestation of these destructive phenomena in the development of rural areas. Analyzed the most priority problems of development of rural areas in relation to each stage of social progress. Isolated and characterized the key steps in the development of the agricultural sector and its spatial framework of rural territories, namely with the settlements in which they lived rural, and has concentrated material and technical means of production. The highest priority issues of rural development in relation to each stage of social progress are analyzed. The key stages of development of the agricultural sector and its spatial basis – rural areas, namely with the settlements in which the villagers lived and the material and technical means of production were concentrated, are highlighted and characterized. Special attention is paid to the causes of migration of the rural population, which in turn has led to the search and analysis of certain measures to inhibit the negative effects of this process. It was found out that the implementation of agrarian and land reforms, as well as the transition to a socially oriented model of market economy had a negative impact, resulting in an increase in the number of degrading villages and the formation of new organizational and legal forms. A number of negative trends affecting the development of the agricultural sector have been identified, among which the social resources of rural areas are a priority. It was found that the main element of social resources of the village is the rural population, the lion's share of which belongs to labor resources, which act as a link, which determines the interdependence of its economic and social development. It is substantiated that the constant presence of the socio-economic system, which is a rural area, in a state of counteraction to "external shocks" causes changes in the specific content of the characteristics of the environment and its resources, which requires consideration of its state in developing strategic rural development programs. The basic principles of formation of human capital reproduction potential of rural territories are allocated, functions of rural territories as a habitat and vital activity and directions of purposeful policy of rural development are generalized. Key words: reproduction of human capital, rural areas, sustainable development, rural development.

Human Capital Evaluation and Capitalisation Specific to Rural Areas of Ukraine

Summary Subject and purpose of work: Human capital is one of the key drivers of rural economic development. The purpose of this paper was to study the main assets of human capital in rural areas and to evaluate this human capital; to identify development trends and devise the recommendations for increasing the impact of human capital in Ukraine’s rural areas on individual incomes and economic growth. Materials and methods: The research focuses on evaluating the key assets of human capital in the rural areas of Ukraine – educations, health, qualifications, age and the integral evaluation of rural human capital. The data was gathered by random surveys of household living conditions conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. Annual surveys cover 10,500 households. Results: Results demonstrate that there were positive dynamics under the education component, while the health component was constantly in decline. The quantitative scoring of assets allowed preparing an integrated evaluation of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine and observing the dynamics of change in years. This indicator had declined before 2008. A decrease in the level of rural human capital in Ukraine started with the activation of large-scale agri-business in the late 1990s. Since 2009, human capital in rural areas has been increasing. The dynamics of human capital development in the rural areas of post- Euromaidan Ukraine demonstrate the specific nature of its capitalisation. Profit per human capital in rural areas depends not on its rate but on the human capital (holder) employment profile. Conclusions: Received evaluations could be used for separation of priority state policy actions for balanced development, quantitative renovation and accumulation of human capital in rural areas.

Human capital development in the agricultural economy sector

The object of research is the human capital of the agricultural sector of the national economy. The study of scientific works has revealed that in defining the essence of human capital as an economic category, scientists have not reached a common opinion. With all the variety of theoretical approaches, the problem of the peculiarities of human capital formation in the agricultural sector remains insufficiently studied. There are significant differences in methodological approaches to the interpretation of its essence at different levels of manifestation and certainty. The methods of systematic approach and structural-functional analysis, abstract-logical, monographic and graphical methods were used in the research. The study identifies the nature and peculiarities of human capital formation in the agrarian sector of the economy and clarifies the human capital functions of the agrarian sector and the factors that contribute to its development. In the work on the basis of generalization of theoretical researches on the role of human capital in the economy, its state and prospects of development in the agrarian sector of economy are analyzed. The factors that influence the level of formation and development of human capital are analyzed. The functions of human capital are described and ways to improve the available human capital in rural areas are proposed. The peculiarities of the human capital of the agrarian sector of the economy are revealed, the main of which are: – close connection of the human capital of the agrarian sector with the rural way of life, agrarian work and life; – significant social and professional homogeneity; – great dependence of its use on natural rhythms and cycles; – significant territorial dispersion of the human capital of the agricultural sector, its relatively low mobility compared to human capital in other sectors of the national economy; – need for development and development under conditions of disability due to the lower standard and quality of life in rural areas, etc.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА НА РАЗВИТИЕ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The conditions for the formation of human capital are constantly being improved and adapted to modern realities. There is no doubt that human capital is involved in solving the economic and social problems of rural areas. The formation of human capital in rural areas requires a systematic approach, taking into account all the features of their development and use of labor, taking into account factors that affect the quality of human resources, the demographic situation in rural areas. The article groups factors that affect the formation of human capital in rural areas of the Kurgan region and indicators that characterize the effectiveness of their functioning. The assessment of these factors revealed positive and negative changes and the reasons that caused them. The influence of these criteria is expressed in terms of integral indicators. The degree of influence of human capital on the development of rural territories and agricultural enterprises of the Zaural,ye is additionally determined. Calculations have shown that the studied criteria that characterize the formation of human capital in rural areas of the Kurgan region determine the effectiveness of their functioning by 40%.

ДОХОД КАК ИСТОЧНИК РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The article is devoted to research of dynamics of disposable resources of rural and urban households; components of disposable resources of households depending on the place of residence (per household member on average); structure of consumer expenditures of rural households based on official statistics for 2018–2020. The presented findings may serve as a basis for justifying the trends in social and economic conditions necessary for the growth of human capital in rural areas.