Human Capital Assets Research Articles

A comparative study of sustainability profiles between small-scale mariculture, capture fisheries and tourism communities within the Anambas Archipelago Small Island MPA, Indonesia

Mariculture is viewed by some as an unsustainable economic activity in marine protected areas (MPAs). Surprisingly, no study has confirmed or rejected the veracity of the view. In Indonesia's multi-purpose MPAs, mariculture is considered as part of the local communities' livelihood and resilience strategy. This study aimed to determine whether small-scale fish farming, along with small-scale fisheries and eco-tourism, contributes to the livelihood sustainability of communities in Indonesia's small island MPAs, and if the practice is compatible with the overall MPA objectives. The study was conducted in the Anambas Archipelago MPA and interviewed 66 respondents from three household groups (small-scale fish farmers, fishers, and eco-tourism operators) from 15 villages. A closed- and open-ended questionnaire was developed to determine the sustainability profile of each livelihood group. The questionnaire consisted of 75 questions representing the sustainability indicators (SIs) of the five capital assets described in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). The SIs were measured using a Likert-scale and a Likert-type scale with multiple scales. The data were standardised using linear transformation and aggregated to calculate the SIs composite values. The study found that the livelihood sustainability of the small-scale fish farmer group is comparable to small-scale fisher and tourism operator groups. Interestingly, the fish farmer group outperformed the other two groups in relation to human capital assets by developing a strong social network. Small-scale fish farmer, fisher and eco-tourism operator groups have a composite sustainability index value of 0.55, 0.61, and 0.50, respectively, categorised as intermediate sustainability. This study concluded that the sustainability profile of each livelihood group could be improved for the specific underperforming capital assets by increasing support from the government and MPA authority.

НЕПЕРЕРВНА ОСВІТА ЯК УМОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ В ІННОВАЦІЙНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

Abstract. The article offers a scientific understanding of continuous education as a condition for the formation and development of human capital in the innovative economy of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to substantiate theoretical aspects of the continuous education as a condition for the formation and development of human capital in the innovative economy of Ukraine. Methods. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, specification, generalization, content analysis. Research results. Based on the terminological analysis of normative and legislative documents, encyclopedic editions, interpretive works, the main approaches to the concepts of ″human capital″ and ″continuing education″ are outlined. It was established that human capital is the main asset of the state, which must be developed in the conditions of digitalization of the economy of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of strategic documents and theoretical studies, it was established that human resources in the digital economy for their transformation into human capital should acquire such characteristics as: quality of digital education, acquisition of digital economy competencies, soft-skills, global competence, etc. The role of continuous education for maintaining the current level of professional knowledge and skills, expanding the range of personal competencies has been updated. The characteristics of the university as the main component of the continuous education system are highlighted: provision of educational services to students of different levels of education, the possibility of professional development in the conditions of formal and informal education, involvement of citizens of different age groups and vulnerable groups in education. The key role of modern universities in the digitalization of Ukraine's economy is characterized thanks to the use of a management system based on big data, the active use of digital educational technologies, the formation of individual educational trajectories of higher education seekers and integration with the digital economy of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that the digital transformation of the economy changes the very essence of human capital and causes a broader view of a person as a representative of society, and not only as a carrier of a set of knowledge, values, experience, abilities and skills. Key words: human development; lifelong education; economy of Ukraine; digital transformation; human capital assets; university knowledge society; personality; higher education.

Human capital assets in rural areas to determine the establishment and effective development of Siberian organic agriculture

Human capital assets in rural areas to determine the establishment and effective development of Siberian organic agriculture

Vulnerability to Livelihood-shocks Among Agrarian Households in Oyo State, Nigeria

The impacts of livelihood shocks on agrarian population especially the natural resource-dependent smallholder farmers in Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized, as this devastating event renders many farmers vulnerable because of limited adaptive capacity. Therefore, this study examined the vulnerability of agrarian households to livelihood shocks using a sample size of 368 farmers selected from Oyo State, Nigeria, through a multistage sampling technique, and from whom relevant data were elicited. This study applied the livelihood vulnerability index approach, and composite score technique to decipher the vulnerability space of the respondents, and for the ordinal categorization of the respondents into different vulnerability categories, respectively. The study also used proportional odds model to investigate the determinants of livelihood vulnerability from the perspective of adaptive capacity vis-à-vis the livelihood capital assets of the farmers. Findings from the study indicated that farmers suffered heavily from crime and economic related shocks due to the farmers-herdsmen conflict, while covariate and idiosyncratic related stressors were also reported by the farmers. Findings also indicated a high level of farmers’ exposure to shocks, with a moderate sensitivity to shocks, and a low adaptive capacity, which apparently pre-dispose the farmers to a serious vulnerable position. The farmers’ adaptive capacity linkage of the livelihood capital assets were also found to contribute significantly to farmers’ vulnerability status in the study area. The study recommended strengthening of physical, human, natural, social, and financial capital assets in building a sustained adaptive capacity of the farming population.

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Firm Performance Dengan Knowledge Assets Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

The purpose of research is to obtain empirical evidence about the impact of Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance with Knowledge Assets as a moderating variable. This study used 112 sample questionnaire data from manufacturing companies based on the purposive sampling method. The data used are primary data in the form of a questionnaire. This research uses Microsoft Office 365 software, SPSS Statistics version 21, and SmartPLS version 3.2.7 to perform data processing. The results obtained in this research are human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and knowledge assets have a significant positive effect on firm performance, while knowledge assets do not moderate the effect of human capital, structural capital, relational capital on firm performance.

Adaptive capacity and vulnerability of the socio-ecological system of Indian Himalayan villages under present and predicted future scenarios

Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is prone to climate shock and is highly sensitive to minor climate variance. Yet, there is a dearth of studies evaluating the adaptive capacity and vulnerability of the socio-ecological system. We assessed the household (n = 1346) and village (n = 77) level adaptive capacity and vulnerability to climate stress in Beas, Bhagirathi, and Teesta basins of IHR following a bottom-up approach. The estimation of adaptive capacity scores for surveyed households and villages were done based on preselected indicator scores of the natural, human, financial, and physical capital assets. The exposure to climate shock was obtained from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) data of different scenarios. The present and future vulnerability scores were assessed based on the adaptive capacity, exposure and sensitivity to climatic shock. The villages and households were grouped in resilient and vulnerable clusters, and major indicators determining the vulnerability were identified. Our result revealed the household and village level adaptive capacity were low in the Bhagirathi and Teesta basin compared to the Beas basin, so as the present and future climate shock. We found that access to different resources as well as natural and financial capital assets were the major governing factor for the adaptive capacity of the villages. We suggest future policy interventions to be on climate sensitive sectors, mostly the natural capital of the region as part of the adaptation and mitigation strategy to climate change.

Determinants of Livelihood Diversification: The Case of Community-Based Ecotourism in Oaxaca, Mexico

Diversification is a livelihood strategy that households use to survive and to absorb disturbances. Community-based ecotourism (CBE) is part of a set of sustainable options that are available to households for diversification. This paper analyses households’ capital assets that increase the probability of a family becoming involved in a CBE compared to other forms of diversification, and empirical evidence is presented for coastal communities located in Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on household surveys and a multinomial logit econometric model, the results show that the probability that a household decides to become involved in CBE increases for households with young people and those that have their basic needs covered by government programs or small agricultural production. Other forms of diversification are positively related to agreements within the community, woodfire use, and the presence of irrigated lands. Thus, CBE is determined by specific assets mentioned previously compared to other forms of diversification. Particularly, to promote CBE, tourism policies need to consider households’ human, social, natural, and financial capital assets and the associated programs in an integrated way to enhance community development.

استراتژی های بقا در شرایط فقر در میان افراد کم برخوردار شهر مشهد

Poor people are struggling to survive on a daily basis in the face of adverse economic conditions. The present study has been done with regard to few researches in the field of survival strategies of low-income people in Iran and with the aim of paying attention to the lived experience of these people. In this research, behavioral / decision theory, human capital theory, assets and financial / income risk theory, and risk avoidance theory have been used to increase theoretical sensitivity. The method of the present study is qualitative, the technique of data collection is interview and the technique of data analysis is thematic analysis (according to Brown and Clark framework). Findings from 22 interviews among the poor people in Mashhad show the survival strategies used, including supportive strategies (informal and formal), job (employment, self-employment), education and skills acquisition (education, skills training), criminal activities (theft, prostitution) and cost reduction (reduction of food consumption, purchase of clothing and health).

Environmental risk in an age of biotic impoverishment

The science underpinning biodiversity's importance to human well-being seems to be taken up little by environmental decision makers. Since the 1950s, ecological, evolutionary and environmental research has pointed to the importance of biodiversity as a significant factor influencing the stability and functioning of population, community, eco- and Earth-systems and the environmental services they provide. Despite its prominence and the tremendous contributions to our understanding of the natural world, this field of research, which we term 'bio-functional ecology', seems not to have had the impact it should. Biotic impoverishment, the loss of biodiversity across all scales and across all taxa, continues to worsen. We suggest that redirecting ecology's emphasis on ecological stability to a focus on environmental risk could help bring bio-functional ecology research more into the environmental arena. Rather than managing biodiversity as an agent of ecological stability, biodiversity could be managed as a natural capital asset in a portfolio of social, human, produced and financial capital assets. This would allow using portfolio theory to identify options for minimizing environmental risk while ensuring human well-being. In this essay, we argue that environmental risk more accurately captures people's motivation to preserve and manage biodiversity than does ecological stability. This redirection from stability to risk may provide greater clarity for decision makers and people in general as to why biodiversity is fundamentally linked to human well-being. In doing so, we can help curb the currently unabated spread of biotic impoverishment across the biosphere.

Institutional Field of National Development of Culture and Arts in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to give a review of the current environment of management and the development of culture and arts in the system of cultural and creative industries in Ukraine. The methodology of research is the application of the descriptive method and definitive analysis, functional analysis, formal characterization in the process of research regarding the national field of management and development of culture and arts segment in Ukraine. The scientific novelty is the analysis of the institutional field of national development of culture and arts in Ukraine. The scientific novelty is an analysis of the institutional field of development of national culture and art in the aspects of public administration, institutions of higher education (HEI) in the indicated areas, and government mass media channels. Conclusions: Effective organization of national management of institutional field development of national forms of cultural and art interaction – that is the Ukrainian cultural need in the process of its civilizational development. The main aspects of development and support of culture and arts from the government institutions side, in our opinion, are coordination of means of the government management system in the cultural and arts industry, institutions of higher education in culture and arts industries, and mass media broadcasting channels, which are owned by the government. National artistic, cultural-and-artistic, artistic-and-technological, scientific, educational, cultural and intellectual-and-creative capable part of a human capital asset (involved in the systems of the national arts and creative production, including government management organizations in the field of cultural and creative industries) must support the organization of national arts and cultural platforms of interaction based on communicative cooperation of groups of arts and cultural production, as well as comprehensive rebroadcasting of the best-produced products by unions of arts and cultural production by informative, mass media, arts, educational governmental means (tangible and intangible). The country should unite the efforts of specialists in this sector in the field of institutional communication of cultural-and-arts interaction, should support the formation of bases for the practical production of the national arts and cultural production of all branches of the sector of cultural and creative industries of Ukraine.

FACTORS THAT INHIBIT THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS TO OIL POLLUTION IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION, NIGERIA

Adaptive capacity is seen in the light of the capabilities of livelihood practitioners to adjust livelihood plans in the face of threats or risks. Since external alteration such as oil pollution causes decline in resources in the Niger Delta region as a result of threats to traditional livelihoods, rural households adopt certain strategies to adapt. The study was conducted in four communities in Bayelsa and Rivers states. They are Oruma and Aguobiri in Bayelsa state; Bille and Bodo in Rivers state. Primary data obtained through interviews and Focus Group Discussions were used for the study. The thrust of the research was to investigate why livelihood adaptive strategies adopted by rural households in the Niger Delta region to cope with the problems of oil pollution induced environmental degradation and livelihood dislocation are unsustainable. Findings revealed that livelihood adaptive capacities are hindered in the rural communities of the Niger Delta region despite the strategies adopted by households to adapt to environmental degradation to increase the generation of income in the form of goods, services and cash. The study identifies the presence of inhibitive factors such as lack of physical capital, gender inequality, poor governance, social and financial capital deficit, insecurity, lack of social and financial assets, low human capital asset , pressure on firewood fetching, etc. Hence the study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should take necessary actions to enhance the capital assets of the rural households to stimulate adaptive capacities that will enhance the sustainability of traditional livelihoods

How Do Human Resource Management Practices Affect Innovation of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises in a Transition Economy?

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are one of the engines for inclusive economic growth. Yet little is known about the contribution of human resource management (HRM) practices to the success of SMEs. This study empirically examines how HRM practices determine different categories of innovation of SMEs in the context of a transition economy. Using a longitudinal dataset and applying the instrumental variable methodology to correct for endogeneity problems, our study uncovers that HRM practices positively affect the quality of employed human and physical capital assets of SMEs. More importantly, we find that that HRM practices significantly contribute to the launch of new products and improvement of existing products. In addition, we also find that the adoption of HRM practices facilitate labour productivity and value added. Taken together, these findings highlight that HRM practices are a strategic resource for innovation and development of SMEs in transition economies by rewarding them with higher-quality capital assets. JEL: L25, O15, O31

Talent management related concepts and debates in container shipping industry by an emerging market perspective

Talent management (TM) is referred as a young and developing field and it is claimed to be require more contribution from the different industry and country perspectives. Because of the highly dynamic and competitive nature of the container shipping industry, possession of valuable and unique human capital assets is evaluated as a substantial necessity to achieve business objectives and sustained competitive advantage by container shipping companies. Accordingly, TM is considered to be an essential factor contributing the accomplishment of these goals and the successful implementation of corporate strategy. Therefore, this study aims to contribute the development of TM field by investigating and evaluating TM related concepts and debates in Turkish container shipping industry. Through this extent, a combined method of content analysis with in-depth interview, has been organized to analyse TM oriented subjects in container shipping industry.

Smallholder farmer resilience to water scarcity

Water scarcity poses one of the most prominent threats to the well-being of smallholder farmers around the world. We studied the association between rural livelihood capitals (natural, human, social, financial, and physical) and resilience to water scarcity. Resilience was denoted by farmers’ self-reported capacity to have avoided, or adapted to, water scarcity. Proxies for livelihood capitals were collected from two-hundred farmers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their associations with a typology denoting water scarcity impacts analyzed with a Taylor-linearized multinomial response model. Physical and natural assets in the form of irrigation infrastructure and direct access to water sources were saliently associated with overall resilience (avoidance and adaptation) to water scarcity. Years of farming experience as a form of human capital asset was also strongly associated with resilience to water scarcity. Factors solely associated with the capacity to adapt to water scarcity were more nuanced with social capital assets showing closer associations. A household with a larger number of farm laborers had a higher likelihood of being unable to withstand water scarcity, but this relationship was reversed among those who managed larger farming areas. We discuss possible mechanisms that could have contributed to resilience, and how public policy could support smallholder farmers cope with water scarcity.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CREATIVE MARKETING IN THE CONDITIONS OF CREATIVE ECONOMY

The modern functioning of the world economy is associated with the processes of transformation and the formation of the creative economy, the foundations of which are knowledge, creativity, creativity, innovation. Currently, the creative sector of the economy occupies a leading position and has a positive impact on the economic development of individual cities, regions and countries as a whole by creating new jobs, using new technologies, generating creative goods and services, etc., which leads to increased competitiveness, quality of life and welfare. These transformations are related to globalization trends, harmoniously related to them and depend on knowledge, experience, acquired skills, creative talents and achievements, intellectual abilities and the degree of use of human potential. Today, the use of creativity and innovation in socio-economic facilities and systems should be considered the basis for a high level of competitiveness in various economic activities based on the generation and production of creative products and services. The presence in modern products or services of a creative, creative component, increasing the share of innovations in traditional goods and services helps the company to become successful and occupy the most profitable market positions. Thus, in a creative economy, which is post-industrial, there is the formation of new socio-economic relations and connections, as well as the transition to factors of production using innovation, creativity, creativity, knowledge, new methods of management and marketing, which contributes to strengthening the role of creative potential, intellectual resources, human capital and intangible assets in various activities, including marketing, which led to the emergence of creative marketing. In the article on the basis of research of understanding of creativity (the levels of its realization are allocated and its signs are characterized) and marketing at the present stage of formation of creative economy the process algorithm of realization of creative process in marketing is resulted. Approaches to understanding the concept of "creative marketing" of both foreign and domestic scientists have been studied, as a result of which it is concluded that this definition is not established and is relatively new, complex and multifaceted, needs to be clarified and supplemented. On the basis of which the own interpretation of the concept of "creative marketing" is offered. The article also highlights the distinctive features, principles and tools of creative marketing, on the basis of which the process of formation and implementation of creative marketing in a creative economy is proposed.

Who Gains from Services FDI—Host or Home Economies? An Analysis of Disaggregated Services FDI Inflows and Outflows of 24 European Economies

This study focuses on a sample of 24 European economies to examine the spillovers from disaggregated services foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth. We study the impact of 20 disaggregated services FDI inflows and outflows, respectively, on their host and home country services sector and overall growth. We find that both financial services and business services FDI are beneficial for growth in both host and home countries. Financial services FDI works though financial holding companies and home countries benefit especially from investment in foreign banks, which provides access to credit. Business services FDI works though management holding companies and home countries benefit, especially from investment in computer activities, which provides access to specialised human capital and high-value knowledge assets. The positive spillovers to home countries provide evidence for arguing against protectionism. JEL Codes: F2, F21, F43

The trends for modern libraries and building the strategy of library and information education in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The modern trends for the libraries to update library and information education in the Republic of Kazakhstan are examined. The state and the society offer challenges: meeting the expanding information demands in science, education, economics and industries; contributing to the information society. The human resources in the information industry makes the most important factor of increasing the efficiency of libraries. In 2018, the Congress of Kazakhstan librarians adopted the concept of human capital assets which required advanced training, expanding professional competencies and recruiting young professionals. Today, the university library departments focus on increasing scientific and creative potential of the faculty, engaging students in projects and creative activities; educating creative thinking and skills of applying innovative technologies in professional activities. The educational process and curricula are improved as a result of the feedback obtained from graduates and employers. Among the modernization trends in library education in the Republic of Kazakhstan are the country’s integration into the single information space and implementation of the main educational content within the context of trilingual educational policy.

Identifying a community capital investment portfolio to sustain a tourism workforce

Members of the tourism workforce are a crucial resource, whose quality and quantity determine the success of tourism businesses and destinations. Yet, they are frequently subjected to social, psychological, and economic stressors which can result in isolation from destination communities or limited interest in participation in the tourism workforce. Both of these outcomes threaten the sustainability of tourism businesses and destinations, but more importantly create a working environment that can be unjust or unsafe for tourism workforce members. This study relies upon the community capitals framework to identify the resources that currently support the tourism workforce in an island community whose economic and social structure is heavily reliant upon tourism. Analysis of data from in-depth interviews and focus groups with thirty-seven tourism stakeholders reveals the social, cultural, human, and natural capital assets used to support a tourism workforce. An “investment portfolio” for these capitals offers development strategies that can be implemented to help sustain the tourism workforce.

Человеческий капитал как ресурс самосохранительного поведения в условиях коммерциализации медицины

The research featured efficient self-preservation behavior in the context of healthcare commercialization, which affected the fundamental principles of medical service. The research objective was to study human capital assets as a resource of self-preservation behavior in the abovementioned conditions. The study involved a philosophical analysis based on the axiological approach, which made it possible to consider the ethical aspects of commercial medicine. The author also employed the structural method to study human capital as a complex structure. Human capital plays the leading role as it provides an effective implementation of self-preservation behavior in the context of healthcare commercialization. The research included an axiological analysis of the value-semantic context of the doctor-patient relationship and the ethical-axiological aspect of the phenomenon of commercial medicine. The author defines a number of indicators of human capital and defines productive self-preserving behavior in commercialized healthcare. Human capital assets turned out to be a valuable resource of self-preservation behavior in terms of health preservation. Its components could serve as performance indicators. They are basic medical literacy; effective cognitive skills in interpreting the empirical data obtained in life; adequate attitude to one’s own health, e.g. regular check-ups, healthy lifestyle, etc., as well as a sufficient well-being. Good awareness leads to effective self-preservation behavior, which is especially important in commercial healthcare.

Centrally administered state-owned enterprises’ engagement in China’s public–private partnerships: a social network analysis

ABSTRACT A salient characteristic of China’s public–pgrivate partnerships (PPPs) is the deep involvement of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), particularly those administered by the central/national government (CSOEs). In this research social network analysis (SNA) was used to examine the role of different actors in transport and environmental protection PPPs in China in the period 2012–17. The results largely confirm the resource-based view and resource-dependency theory, showing that while CSOEs are dominant in both sectors, their dominance and control is greatest in transport sector projects that are more dependent on their accumulated experience, expertise, human capital assets and managemgent skills, that their dominance has increased over time, and that it is aligned with the provincial distribution of Chinese CSOEs.