Village Houses Research Articles

Application of water treatment technology with help solar and antimicrobial power to village communities Tanjung Selamat Sub-district Sunggal Districts Deli Serdang

The need for clean water is a challenge in rural areas, especially villages that have not yet been reached by the Regional Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum,PDAM). One of the villages experiencing problems with the availability of clean water is Tanjung Selamat Housing Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The people in this village rely solely on ground water that comes from private bore wells. The problem faced is that the water is relatively high in turbidity, and the level of water sterilization is also very low because it contains micro-organisms that cause disease such as dysentery, typhoid diarrhea and so on. An efforts to clean water using citrate have been made but the level of turbidity of the water is still above the threshold. To overcome this problem, appropriate technology is needed for water treatment to produce clean water. The purpose of this activity is to design and implement a technology to process raw water into clean water for public consumption. A design of antimicrobial water purification set with the help of solar power has been provided in Tanjung Selamat Deli Serdang Housing in 2019. The steps taken are surveying the existence of water standards, microbial laboratory testing and acidity test. Low quality raw water has obtained in the target villagewhere the water is high turbidity level, yellowish color, acidity level 6, 23 and contains coliform E.coli bacteria, so it requires processing before it is used as raw material for domestic purposes and drinking water. The application of purifying technology with the help of solar panels is able to convert raw water into clear water, has an acidity of 8.6 and is free of E. coli bacteria. The water produced is also alkaline so it is good for domestic consumption. Water user communities really feel the benefits of appropriate water purification technology developed in community service activities

PELATIHAN KESOPANAN BERBAHASA SISWA SD BERBASIS KARYA SASTRA DI PERUMAHAN CITRA BUNGO PASANG KELURAHAN SUNGAI TARUNG KECAMATAN KOTO TANGAH PADANG

Politeness in language is a soft skill that needs to be instilled in children, especially elementary schools, because the times and technological advancements require soft skills of the younger generation to develop. As a result, many children have ethics that are far from what parents and their environment want. For this problem, this reason is used as a form of coping or a way of giving attention to elementary students so that politeness in language can be maintained well. Partners in this service are PKK mothers who have children at the elementary level who live in the Citra Bungoidal housing complex. With this language courtesy training it is expected that elementary students especially those living in Citra Bungo Pasang housing will have the modesty of language in their daily lives. The language politeness of elementary school students is expected to be not only polite to parents, but also to friends, and others who are the opponents. Based on the partner's problem, the proposed solution will be implemented in two stages, namely, the first stage by providing material on language courtesy, and strategies for speaking to elementary students who live in the Citra Bungo Village housing Sungai Tarung Village, Koto Tangah District. The material is presented using power points and infocus. After the language courtesy material was given to elementary school students living in Citra Bungo Village, Sungai Tarung Subdistrict, Koto Tangah Subdistrict, students were told to interact with their friends and parents. This is done to see whether the student understands and can apply it in communication. The results of the language courtesy training given to elementary school students residing in Citra Bungo Pasang housing were observed two weeks after the material was purchased. The results were very satisfying, because elementary school students residing in the Citra Bungo Pasang housing complex which had often said rudely had changed. Because these elementary students reminded each other not to say rude.

MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN THE VILLAGES OF SERBIA: FROM INAPPROPRIATE SPATIAL APPEARANCES TO POSSIBLE ELEMENTS OF URBANITY

<jats:p>Rural housing is directly linked to agricultural work, so the organization of space in the yard isfundamentally different from the functional characteristics of urban housing. In the villages ofSerbia, over the years and after the Second World War, multi-storey residential buildings wereerected for service to non-agricultural population. By their basic manifestations and visualmanifestations, as well as functional characteristics, these objects never fit into the image of thevillage, and their users do not enter into the habits and customs of life in the environments in whichthey are built. Semi-agricultural and non-agricultural population in rural areas is predominant today,so the question arises as to the relation of the profession to multi-family housing in villages.</jats:p>

Marketing Problems Faced by the Tapioca Cultivators in Tamilnadu

Agriculture is the most important in the Indian economy. The Indian farmer has shown wonderful, response to the new technological innovation in agriculture. In the agricultural sectors, tapioca plays a important role tapioca in generally referred to as “Starch Flour” and its cultivation and marketing givers employment to thousands of people apart from earning foreign exchange for the country. The cultivators face number of problems on the marketing front tapioca like seed procurement, innocent of farmers, financing problems, high transportation cost, and price fluctuation. So that it is recommended co-operative bank and co-operative organisation is regulated markets shall Come forward to establish their storage houses in villages and also loan offered by rural bank and co-operative bank. Again it is also suggested that the government shall come forward to construct public warehouses. . It the above suggestions are duly carried out by the parties concerned, the Tapioca production would go up, giving employment to more than lakhs of people. It would also result in effective marketing giving the legitimate share to the growers

WASTE BANK SOCIALIZATION INCREASES COMMUNITY PROSPERITY IN ANGGADITA VILLAGE

Anggadita Village utilizes the potential of 5,500 m2 of land for fish enlargement and fishing activities. And there are still 5050 m2 of land that has not been utilized. This untapped land will be used to build waste sorting, processing and recycling facilities to make the Citarum River clean and maintained. The area of Anggadita Village is 2.94 Km. Based on situation analysis, efforts should be made to provide alternative solutions that can help clean the Citarum River, sector 18, from Walahar Village to the Emba Bridge Village House and specifically in Sukajaya Village by adding value to the treatment of sorted waste. In addition, activities are needed that can add enthusiasm and skills for all residents and cadres of the Waste Bank to process waste into valuable items, for compost and can also be used as a planting medium for hydroponic plants. Addressing problems that occur in the partner community as described, offers several methods of approach to help solve existing problems by conducting training and counseling methods to produce some economic value products. Implementation of this Partnership Program, the community will be given some training and mentoring activities: waste segregation training, waste management training, managerial and entrepreneurial skills training and Assistance for training participants.

Customized birthweight standard for an Iranian population

Objective To produce a customized birthweight standard for Iran. Method Retrospective study of a pregnancy database collected from five hospitals across Iran. The cohort consisted of 4994 consecutive term births with complete data, delivered between July 2013 and November 2014. Coefficients were derived using a backwards stepwise multiple regression technique. Results Maternal height, weight in early pregnancy and parity as well as the baby’s sex were identified as significant physiological variables affecting birthweight. Paternal height and weight were also significant although weaker factors. The expected 280-day birthweight, free from pathological influences, of a standard size mother (height 163 cm, weight 64 kg) in her first pregnancy was 3390 g. Pathological factors found to affect birthweight in this cohort included village housing, anemia, preexisting and gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Conclusion The analysis confirmed the main physiological variables that affect birthweight in other countries and shows paternal factors also to be significant variables. Development of a country-specific customized birthweight standard will aid clinicians in Iran to distinguish between fetuses that are either constitutionally or pathologically small, thereby avoiding unnecessary interventions, and improving identification of at-risk pregnancies and perinatal outcome.

Passive cooling techniques

Passive cooling techniques

Earthquake damage and related factors associated with the 2016 ML = 5.8 Gyeongju earthquake, southeast Korea

The Gyeongju area covers the intersection of two major young structural features in Korea: the Yangsan and Ulsanfaults. More than 60 Quaternary fault sites have recently been reported along these fault zones, which are thus considered major active tectonic features in southeast Korea. An earthquake of local magnitude ML = 5.8 struck the Gyeongju area on September 12, 2016; the largest instrumental earthquake recorded in South Korea. We performed detailed investigation for severely damaged buildings and houses in villages around the epicenter, and determined the characteristics and controlling factors of the earthquake damage. The distribution of damaged buildings is relatively scattered around the epicenter, which may be related to the relatively deep focal depth of approximately 13–15 km. The radius of the reported damage area affected by ground motion is approximately 17 km from the epicenter, which is almost equal to the focal depth. Old buildings with traditional styles are more seriously damaged than modern buildings, suggesting that the damage intensity depends on the building structure, material properties, and seismic design. Interestingly, in a small village, the degree of building damage is clearly divided by a small stream. Based on an electrical resistivity survey for the local geological condition, we found that the degree of building damages also strongly depends on the local unconsolidated alluvium thickness. Moreover, the orientation of tilted or damaged buildings is closely related to the general trend of the related faults indicating the propagation direction of ground motion. Although focal depth, building style, and foundation condition are the main controlling factors to the building damages caused during the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, other minor factors could also be involved. This information will be useful to design proper construction codes for reinforced buildings and for hazard studies against future earthquakes in potential earthquake prone areas.

FIRST STEPS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ASSYRIA: BOTTA'S LETTERS AND THE “EXCAVATION HOUSE” AT KHORSABAD

Paolo Emilio Botta, who was sent to Mosul as the French Consul in 1842, explored at Kuyunjik and Nebi Yunus and then began investigating ancient stone foundations at Nebi Yunus. Muhammed/Mehmed Pasha and local religious leaders, who were worried that the tomb of prophet Yunus (Jonah) and a local mosque would be destroyed by the excavations, opposed these investigations and the work stopped as a result. After Nebi Yunus, Botta started to work at Kuyunjik in December 1842. While his workers were busy at Kuyunjik, someone from the village of Khorsabad talked about stones with inscriptions and reliefs on them on top of a hill. After three months of exhaustive work at Kuyunjik, on March 20th, 1843 Botta sent a group of workers to Khorsabad for excavation. However, problems arose about Botta's work in Mosul. The Pasha of the province in particular created obstructions. We have done research in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry of Turkey on Botta's excavation permits and documents, the obstructions created by the Pasha of Mosul, the details of the story of Botta's experiences at Khorsabad and the relevant correspondence. In these archives we have found documents about the problems Botta experienced at Khorsabad, the conditions for excavation permits and the construction of an excavation house, the plan of the excavation house mentioned by Botta, which was drafted like a fortress next to the village houses and sent to Istanbul, as well as petitions of the villagers opposing Botta's work and his excavation house. Here, we attempt to re-read Botta's excavation seasons, permits and the problems he encountered through the documents in the Ottoman Archives in order to understand how this period is to be understood. Through these documents and correspondence, we were able to study the problems that arose between the Ottoman State and France as a result of Botta's excavations at Khorsabad.

Why Migrant Workers in China Continue to Build Large Houses in Home Villages: A Case Study of a Migrant-Sending Village in Anhui

This article uses a case study of a migrant-sending village in Anhui to understand why migrant workers build large houses in home villages. The rural sex-ratio imbalance at marriageable ages, heightened by the rural-urban migration of women, has led to an increase in the negotiating power of young women in the rural marriage market. Young men’s families construct large houses to attract potential brides and facilitate patrilocal residence. The lack of maternity leave and affordable childcare in migrant destination cities encourages female migrants to return to the countryside to give birth to and raise children. Large rural houses offer young female migrants comfortable places to live and privacy when they cohabitate with their parents-in-law, who help them raise their children. Although most new-generation migrant workers do not have agricultural experience, rural areas are important to this generation because they provide affordable housing and family support.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF MOBILE PHONES IN CHILDREN IN SIDOMULYO VILLAGE AND KERTOSARI ESTATE HOUSING PONOROGO

Mobile Phone is a communication tool that is currently developing rapidly, both among parents, adolescents, and children. This study aimed to determine the effects of handphones on children in Sidomulyo village and Kertosari housing Ponorogo. This study used a moderating variable that is the roles of parents. The study population were parents in the village of Sidomulyo and Kertosari Estate Housing Ponorogo. The samples selected were parents aged 3-12 years. The analytical method used descriptive statistical analysis, data quality test or data validity test, regression analysis and then proceeded with hypothesis testing with the application of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution). The first hypothesis testing showed that the use of mobile phones affected the social and emotional level of children. The second hypothesis testing showed that the role of parents could control children in using mobile phones with the children's social and emotional levels.

Green Design Strategy of Village and Town Residential Buildings under the Background of New Urbanization

Under the strategy of rural revitalization, how to promote the green development of village and township housing by taking the new road of urbanization development. On the basis of reviewing the status quo, Xue family of Lishuishan Village in Nanjing is taken as an example, the paper analyzes the green renewal design strategy of village and town housing from the three aspects of planning layout, single building design, energy saving and environmental protection. And this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the green planning and construction of villages and towns under the background of new urbanization.

Comparing the Residential Sustainability of Two Transformation Models for Chinese Urban Villages: Demolition/Relocation Market-Oriented and New Rural Construction

In China, large-scale urban village transformation has profoundly influenced the residential sustainability and interests of indigenous villagers. Local governments have widely adopted a demolition/relocation market-oriented model (D/RMM) for transformation of most of the urban villages (UVs) in China. During the D/RMM process, the interests of indigenous villagers have generally suffered to a certain extent. Originally, the new rural construction model (NRCM) was only used to improve rural development and sustainability. However, it has now occasionally been applied in the UV transformation process to safeguard and guarantee the interests of the village collective and villagers. Given the considerable difference between the two transformation models, we explored the sustainability and impact mechanisms of residential landscapes in terms of housing condition sustainability, community environment sustainability, and livelihood sustainability, through the cases of Beimiantan New Village (BNV) with NRCM and Xiaoyantan Village (XV) with D/RMM in Lanzhou, Gansu, China. The research findings reveal the differences in institutional design and social influence, and changes in the redistribution of benefits between the two transformation models. Overall, the residential sustainability of NRCM is higher than the D/RMM’s. Meanwhile, the influence factors in the residential sustainability of the two transformation models can mostly be attributed to three aspects: (1) Land development rights allocation models and earning redistribution fundamentally affect villagers’ housing condition sustainability; (2) The collective economy and the informal economy are the potential drivers of sustainable village community transformation; (3) Informal institutions and village social networks protect and continue the social capitals in village. Specifically, the NRCM in BNV has the following advantages in improving residential sustainability: (1) Collective land assets can be further activated; (2) Villagers’ vested interests are largely safeguarded; (3) The main role of social low-rent housing and informal employment places in the original village is optimized to a larger extent; (4) The original villagers’ social networks remain stable and intact. In summary, villagers’ rights are maintained and enhanced via informal institutions, informal economies, and original social relationship networks are completely preserved through NRCM in BNV, as much as possible. Therefore, NRCM can maximize the villagers’ interests, that may be conducive to residential sustainability in the transformation of China’s urban villages.

Energy Management through Cost Forecasting for Residential Buildings in New Zealand

Over the last two decades, the residential building sector has been one of the largest energy consumption sectors in New Zealand. The relationship between that sector and household energy consumption should be carefully studied in order to optimize the energy consumption structure and satisfy energy demands. Researchers have made efforts in this field; however, few have concentrated on the association between household energy use and the cost of residential buildings. This study examined the correlation between household energy use and residential building cost. Analysis of the data indicates that they are significantly correlated. Hence, this study proposes time series methods, including the exponential smoothing method and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model for forecasting residential building costs of five categories of residential buildings (one-storey house, two-storey house, townhouse, residential apartment and retirement village building) in New Zealand. Moreover, the artificial neutral networks (ANNs) model was used to forecast the future usage of three types of household energy (electricity, gas and petrol) using the residential building costs. The t-test was used to validate the effectiveness of the obtained ANN models. The results indicate that the ANN models can generate acceptable forecasts. The primary contributions of this paper are twofold: (1) Identify the close correlation between household energy use and residential building costs; (2) provide a new clue for optimizing energy management.

Cinema, Architecture and Domesticity: The Filmic House in Basu Chatterjee’s ‘Piya ka Ghar’

This paper explores the intersection of cinema and architecture to analyse the Filmic House in Hindi film Piya Ka Ghar (Dir. Basu Chatterjee, 1972). It deploys Environment-Behaviour Studies for film interpretation to make readings about the unique habitability and domesticity of chawls, a residential typology evolved in Bombay for communal living in a dense urban situation. The central premise of the film is constructed around the spatial anxieties faced by a young bride having grown up in a spacious village house when she arrives at her new marital home, a single room chawl tenement that is home to five other people besides her husband, and is always overrun by chawl friends. This marital house (or ‘The Home of the Beloved’, of the title) and its extreme utilisation of space is the source of her anxieties and impacts her behaviour. The lived space rendered in the film and its architectural mise-en-scene is found to communicate about the strategies of adaptation and possible reconciliation to a life in chawl. It also communicates nuanced meanings about the generally understood notions of domesticity such as home as a private and inner domain vis-à-vis the world outside by showing their fluidity in the context of chawl living.

A Study of Passive Design Strategy on Typical Village House in XiAn, Northwestern China

Due to energy crisis and environment problems around the world, not only cities but also villages should concentrate on the energy saving strategy and environment protection. Northwestern China is in the northwest area of China with large amount of rural population. Less considered passive design on the village house in northwestern China influences life quality of rural people in northwestern China. XiAn is a typical city in northwestern China. Passive design strategy on typical village house in XiAn is analyzed in this research. There are mainly two types village house in XiAn; one type is traditional adobe house and the other type is new brick house. This research achieved two significances. The first one is that thermal performance between traditional adobe house and new brick house is compared. Results shows that traditional village house has better thermal performance than the new village house. The second significance of this research is that passive deign strategy on typical village house in XiAn is analyzed from house orientation, structure, insulation of the envelope, window to wall ratio and sunroom effect. Analysis results shows that each passive design strategy has its effect to improve the thermal performance of the village house.

Court-imposed fines as a feature of the homelessness-incarceration nexus: a cross-sectional study of the relationship between legal debt and duration of homelessness in Seattle, Washington, USA

Legal system involvement is a policy-driven risk factor for homelessness. Legal financial obligations (LFOs), such as court fees, fines and restitution, can endanger the financial security of those ensnared in the criminal justice system. In this study we measured the effect of incarceration and LFOs on duration of homelessness in Seattle, WA, USA. To analyze the relationship between incarceration, debt and duration of homelessness, we interviewed 101 adults experiencing homelessness and living in city-sanctioned encampments and tiny house villages in Seattle, WA in 2017-18. We collected personal housing history, presence and amount of debt, and measures of legal system involvement. Our respondents experienced homelessness an average of 41 months during the current episode. Nearly two-thirds reported being convicted of a crime, and 78% had been incarcerated. More than 25% reported owing current legal fines. Individuals with legal fine debt experienced 22.9 months of additional homelessness after considering the effects of race, age, and gender. We confirmed a strong association between homelessness and legal trouble. Among high-income countries, the USA has the highest rates of legal system involvement and the highest rates of homelessness; the relationship between the two may be connected.

Survey and Population Density of Some Rodent Species in Sahel Silem District at Assiut Governorate

Survey and population density of rodent species at Sahel Silem District, Assiut Governorate in two different habitats; field crops and village houses, were conducted during two successive years from 2015 to 2017. The obtained results recorded, three rodent species: the fruit rat, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus), the Nile Field rat or the Nile grass, Arvicanthis niloticus (Desmart) and the wildNorwayrat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkanhout), in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons during the experimental period. In addition, the high population density was recorded for the dominant rodent species, Rattus rattus in field crops while; low population density was recorded for, Rattus norvegicus in field crops. Moreover, Rattus norvegicus was dominant and the highest numbers in village houses. Furthermore, the results proved that the field crops were attacked by rodent species more than village houses during the experimental period.

Experimental study on seismic performance of a low-energy consumption composite wall structure of a pre-fabricated lightweight steel frame.

This study developed a low-energy consumption composite wall structure constructed with a pre-fabricated lightweight steel frame that is suitable for houses in villages and towns and evaluated its anti-seismic performance. A low-reversed cyclic-loading test was conducted on four full-scale pre-fabricated structure specimens, including a lightweight, concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column frame specimen (abbreviated as SFCF), a lightweight CFST column frame composite wall specimen (abbreviated as SFCFW), an H-steel column frame specimen (abbreviated as HSCF) and an H-steel column frame composite wall specimen (abbreviated as HSCFW). The failure characteristics, hysteretic behaviour, strength, rigidity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of each specimen were compared and analysed. The results demonstrated that the pre-fabricated, double L-shaped beam–column joint with a stiffener rib which was proposed in this study worked reliably and exhibited good anti-seismic performance. The yield, ultimate and frame yield loads of the specimen SFCFW were 1.72, 1.80 and 2.03 times higher than those of specimen SFCF. The yield load, ultimate load and frame yield loads of specimen HSCFW were 1.27, 1.68 and 1.82 times higher than those of specimen HSCF. This indicates that the embedded composite wall contributed significantly to the horizontal bearing capacities of the SFCF and HSCF specimens. The embedded composite wall was divided into multiple strip-shaped composite panels during failure and achieved a stable support for the frame in the later stages of elastoplastic deformation. The horizontal strips of the tongue-and-groove connection between the strip-shaped composite panels produced reciprocating bite displacements, and ultimately improved the structure's energy dissipation capacity significantly.

Strategi Pencegahan Stunting melalui Rumah Desa Sehat dan Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan Rumah di Desa Karya Indah Kecamatan Buntulia Kabupaten Pohuwato

School children are at a rapid development stage in their intellectual and skill processes and are beginning to have vigorous physical activities. To support the development and physical activity, school children need various kinds of nutrients in sufficient quantities in order to grow and develop properly, because the role of nutrition greatly determines the child's health condition.In this regard, many direct factors are affecting nutritional status, including food consumption and infectious diseases. Moreover, several indirect factors, such as knowledge, education, income level, parental education, and family size, also affected the nutritional status. In developing countries, including Indonesia, nutrition is becoming more critical in terms of public health because malnutrition can reduce immunity to several diseases, especially infectious diseases.This community service program aims to increase education and provide information about stunting through the dissemination of stunting prevention and fostering the creativity of the community through the utilization of the home yard. The implementation methods employed includeddissemination, the use of Poskesdes as a Healthy Village House, coaching, and community empowerment. Thematic Community Service Program outputs are dissemination activities, the formation of Healthy Village Houses and modules on the use of house yards, and the formation of garden models, which are the results of the utilization of house yards that can be emulated by people who want to use their houses as gardens. The advice given regarding this Community Service Program is that the local government needs to support the stunting prevention in the village, especially in Karya Indah Village. Moreover, awareness is needed from village officials, health cadres, and the community in managing Poskesdes as a Healthy Village Home. Guidance and support from village officials and youth organizations are also needed for the community regarding the utilization of home yards