Housing Structure Research Articles

A Look at Smallholder Cattle Farming in Payakumbuh, West Sumatra

The existence of smallholder cattle farming in Payakumbuh was studied. The research was conducted to obtain profiles of farmer demographics, cattle farming management, and reproductive performance. A survey was conducted in five sub-districts in Payakumbuh by interviewing 50 cattle farmers and conducting direct field observation. Smallholder farmers in Payakumbuh are typically an average of 45.02 years old, commonly senior high school graduates, occupied in the agricultural field with their own cattle ownership, experienced for 18.1 years, involved in cattle farming for additional income, and commonly focused on Simental crossbred raising. Cattle management was mainly categorized as good, as represented by feeding management (application of routine forage and concentrate, twice daily feeding frequency, and ad libitum drinking water), rearing (intensive rearing and natural weaning), housing (permanent housing structures, individual housing systems, and draw well water sources), and health (regular deworming). Reproductive performance (20.4 months age at first mating, 1.55 service per conception, 14.63-month calving interval, and 3.96 months for re-mating after calving) is also close to the ideal standard. To sum up, the presence of smallholder farmers is significant and could serve as a reference for farmers in other areas of West Sumatra. Enhancing applied technology is necessary to upgrade their cattle farming scale.

Neighborhood Trust, Cohesion, and Diversity: How Demographic Patterns and Processes Shape Their Relationships

AbstractCompelling evidence from around the world suggests that ethnic diversity is detrimental to neighborhood trust and cohesion. Much of this evidence derives from empirical associations found with static indicators of diversity, measuring the mix of ethnic groups at a single point in time, and controlling for a varied mix of individual and community‐level covariates. Less attention though has sought to understand how dynamic processes of migration and residential settlement both create diversity and influence trust and cohesion. In this study, census and survey data are used to analyze the demographic and economic characteristics and dynamics coinciding with diversity in local communities in Australia, and the implications for neighborhood trust and cohesion. Diverse communities are heavily concentrated in moderately and highly disadvantaged communities in large immigrant gateway cities. Highly diverse communities experience continual high levels of immigration and population turnover and contain young age structures and more diverse and transient housing and household structures. Survey analyses reveal that these characteristics substantially explain observed negative associations between diversity and neighborhood trust and cohesion. The results point to the near‐intractable difficulties in isolating the effects of diversity and the importance of understanding the dynamic demographic processes in the construction of neighborhood diversity, trust, and cohesion.

Environmental and structural factors associated with bacterial diversity in household dust across the Arizona-Sonora border

We previously reported that asthma prevalence was higher in the United States (US) compared to Mexico (MX) (25.8% vs. 8.4%). This investigation assessed differences in microbial dust composition in relation to demographic and housing characteristics on both sides of the US–MX Border. Forty homes were recruited in the US and MX. Home visits collected floor dust and documented occupants’ demographics, asthma prevalence, housing structure, and use characteristics. US households were more likely to have inhabitants who reported asthma when compared with MX households (30% vs. 5%) and had significantly different flooring types. The percentage of households on paved roads, with flushing toilets, with piped water and with air conditioning was higher in the US, while dust load was higher in MX. Significant differences exist between countries in the microbial composition of the floor dust. Dust from Mexican homes was enriched with Alishewanella, Paracoccus, Rheinheimera genera and Intrasporangiaceae family. A predictive metagenomics analysis identified 68 significantly differentially abundant functional pathways between US and MX. This study documented multiple structural, environmental, and demographic differences between homes in the US and MX that may contribute to significantly different microbial composition of dust observed in these two countries.

Innovative house structures for malaria vector control in Nampula district, Mozambique: assessing mosquito entry prevention, indoor comfort, and community acceptance.

Insecticide-treated mosquito bed nets and indoor residual spraying are widely used for malaria vector control. However, their effectiveness can be affected by household members' habits, requiring alternative approaches toward malaria vector control. To assess the effectiveness of modified houses in preventing mosquito entry; to assess the impact of house modifications on indoor air conditions and evaluate the acceptability of modified houses in the community where the study was conducted. Five traditional and five modified houses were constructed in Nampula district, Mozambique and underwent a 90-day overnight indoor mosquito collection using Centers for Disease Control and nitride ultraviolet light traps during the rainy season. Mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide levels and wind speed were also collected. The Student's t-test was used to compare the means of the number of mosquitos and environmental factors between both house types. A binomial form of the Generalized Linear Model identified the factors associated with the community volunteer's preference for house type. Modified houses reduced the number of Anopheles by an average of 14.97 mosquitos (95% CI, 11.38-18.56, p < 0.000) and non-Anopheles by 16.66 mosquitoes (95% CI, 8.23-25.09, p < 0.000). Although fewer mosquitoes were trapped in modified houses compared to traditional ones, the modifications were more effective against Anopheles (94% reduction) than for non-Anopheles (71% reduction). The average temperature increased at 0.25°C in modified houses but was not statistically significant (95% CI, -0.62 to 0.12, p = 0.181). Community volunteers preferred modified houses due to reduced mosquito buzzing. The efficacy of modified houses including its acceptability by community, highlight its potential to lower malaria risk. Effective integration of modified houses into the vector control strategy will require raising awareness among communities about malaria risks associated with house structure and training them to modify their houses.

Seasonality in functional connectivity: A case study with the American marten in Forillon National Park

AbstractProtected areas are essential tools for reducing loss of global biodiversity. To fulfill their ecological functions, protected areas must be connected to their surroundings, a requirement that is difficult to meet in landscapes intensively disturbed by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, protecting movement corridors at the edges of protected areas is crucial, especially for species with broad habitat needs, such as the American marten (Martes americana). However, habitat selection and space use patterns are dynamic processes, so we could expect that functional connectivity would vary temporally in response to changing environmental conditions and levels of human activities. In this study, we aimed at predicting the location of movement corridors for the American marten in Forillon National Park and its periphery during two contrasted periods (snow‐free: May–November; snow‐covered: December–April). We used “seasonal” resource selection functions to identify core areas (interpreted as circuit “nodes”) and CircuitScape to delineate movement corridors between them based on the electrical circuit theory. Habitat selection patterns differed between periods, with martens avoiding open areas, high elevations and road proximity during the snow‐free period, while avoiding areas closer to secondary roads but selecting areas closer to primary roads and housing structures during the snow‐covered period. Consequently, the location of movement corridors differed partially between periods. Functional connectivity was favored by the presence of forest patches for both periods, while being constrained by open environments, especially during the snow‐free period. Our study highlights the importance of modeling functional connectivity at fine temporal scales in order to provide movement corridors that fulfill the requirements of a species at each period of its annual cycle.

Innovative Housing Solutions for Flood Resilience and Thermal Comfort in Jakarta, Indonesia

This thesis explores innovative housing solutions aimed at enhancing flood resilience and thermal comfort in Jakarta, Indonesia, a city that faces significant challenges due to its tropical climate characterized by intense heat and frequent flooding. Drawing from successful case studies in Bangkok, Thailand, and Singapore, this research examines the integration of architectural and urban planning strategies tailored to mitigate these environmental challenges. In Bangkok, elevated housing structures and community infrastructure demonstrate effective flood management techniques, while Singapore’s implementation of green buildings showcases advanced passive cooling methods and sustainable urban practices. This study proposes specific architectural models for Jakarta, integrating elevated designs, green roofs, and advanced passive cooling strategies. By adapting these proven solutions to Jakarta’s unique context, the thesis aims to provide practical frameworks that improve the city’s resilience to climatic adversities and enhance the quality of urban life.

Damage State of Non-Engineered Residential Buildings Owing to Earthquakes: A Case Study in Pacitan Regency, Indonesia

Abstract The Pacitan Regency of Indonesia is located in an area of high seismic activities. Regrettably, field surveys held in Pacitan Regency, Indonesia have revealed the prevalence of low-income housing structures that do not meet the engineering standards and are vulnerable to damage during earthquakes. The seismic evaluation of these buildings is urgently required. This study proposes realistic damage state limit values for the seismic damage evaluation of non-engineered buildings. For this purpose, an incremental dynamic analysis was conducted on a sample of non-engineered buildings in Pacitan to evaluate their probable seismic damage. As a result, curves showing the dynamic pushover responses of buildings to various input earthquakes were plotted. These curves were then summarized as three-linear curves, providing a single value for the average response of the structure. Based on this simplified curve, a more realistic damage-state limit for non-engineered structures are proposed. The damage levels of slight (DS1), moderate (DS2), extensive (DS3), and complete (DS4) were determined using the drift ratio at the linear elastic limit, midway point between the linear elastic and yield limits, yield state, and 80% rupture limit, respectively.

Reasons for mosquito net non-use in malaria-endemic countries: A review of qualitative research published between 2011 and 2021.

Mosquito nets, particularly insecticide-treated nets, are the most recommended method of malaria control in endemic countries. However, individuals do not always have access to insecticide-treated nets or use them as recommended. The current paper expands on a previous review published in 2011 which highlighted a need for more qualitative research on the reasons for mosquito net non-use. We present a systematic review of qualitative research published in the past decade to assess the growth and quality of qualitative papers about net non-use and examine and update the current understanding. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Global Health, in addition to a citation search of the initial review. Relevant papers were screened and discussed. The critical appraisal assessment tool was used to ensure quality. Thematic synthesis was used to extract, synthesise, and analyse study findings. Compared with the initial review, the results showed a 10-fold increase in qualitative research on the reasons for mosquito net non-use between 2011 and 2021. In addition, the quality of the research has improved, with more than 90% of the papers receiving high scores, using the critical appraisal assessment tool. The reported reasons for non-use were categorised into four themes: human factors, net factors, housing structure, and net access. More than two thirds of the studies (25/39) were led by authors affiliated with institutions in malaria-endemic countries. Despite the distribution of free mosquito nets in malaria-endemic countries, earlier reported challenges remain pertinent. The most common reasons for net non-use across all regions of Malaria endemic countries pertained to human- and net-related factors. The research focus should shift towards intervention studies to address these issues.

Voices of Strength: Narrative of Resilience from Parents Having Trisomy 21 Child

This narrative inquiry dives into the resilience and strength of parents raising children with Trisomy 21. The metaphoric framework of building a house illustrates the progressive and complex experiences of parents with Trisomy 21 child. This study is based on eight purposively selected participants, initially grappling with shock and denial is akin to laying a foundation, followed by understanding genetic and societal implications as the house structure rises. Coping strategies and adapting to care needs represent building walls and installing a roof. Within this metaphorical house, evolving acceptance and support networks shape family dynamics and social interactions. The narrative not only captures personal growth and deeper family bonds but also reflects broader societal shifts toward inclusion. This metaphor for home building not only builds up a narrative inquiry but also highlights the progressive development of resilience and deeper family bonds, which is illustrated by significant personal growth and societal shifts towards inclusion.

Seismic resistance analysis of a plywood house structure based on ABAQUS fracture mechanics

Plywood is a more affordable material for the residential construction industry due to its lower cost and easy availability. However, earthquakes are the biggest barrier for wood structures to stand for a long time, as the materials can easily deform or collapse when subjected to seismic forces. This paper aims to explore the performance of plywood structures during an active earthquake by conducting a series of tests and simulations. In this study, plywood property was explored in the four-point bending experiment to determine its stress-strain relationship, and the results were used to identify the materials young modulus, a key parameter for designing more resilient structures. In addition, a finite element model of a plywood house structure was developed in the ABAQUS application, and the seismic movements with five different velocity values were applied to determine the stress distribution and deflections of the structure. The results provide insights into the dynamic behavior of plywood structures under different seismic movements.

The Systematic Integrative Narrative Review on Community Support Practices and Outcomes in Social and Community Housing

This systematic integrative review provides a unique pioneering perspective on community support practices in social, community, and cooperative housing, improving our understanding of the practice and its outcomes. Two research questions guided this work: 1) What are the community support practices in social and community housing serving individuals in the context of socioeconomic deprivation in permanent housing structures? And 2) What are the outcomes of the community support practices in social and community housing. Studies describing and/or reporting on outcomes of community support practices in social and community housing (psychosocial, economic, and health/mental health) were included from the journals’ inception to September 2022. A total of 42 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 20 were qualitative, 14 quantitative, and eight mixed-method studies. Of them all, 34 studies reported on public housing, four on community housing, and four on cooperative housing. Results inform practitioners and decision makers on issues related to community practices in permanent supportive housing and their outcomes in relation to tenure orientations and potential impact. Community practice workers are pillars in housing settings who provide bridging, bonding, and linking that builds social capital in adverse conditions. This review provides insight into innovative research avenues in this domain, while bringing to the forefront the fundamental challenges of individual support pathways to collective empowerment, increased health needs, and unequalled peer-tenant support engagement, as well as their precarious conditions.

Additive Manufacturing of Sensors: A Comprehensive Review

AbstractThe development and manufacturing of sensors are of great importance to modern engineering, as sensors are essential for detecting environmental changes and for the monitoring of various systems. While conventional manufacturing is the most common method for fabricating sensors, additive manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing) has gained popularity as an efficient alternative. Although additively manufactured sensors are applicable in many engineering fields, building an entire sensor (including the housing structure and sensing components) by additive manufacturing remains challenging. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the additive manufacturing processes, materials, and applications for sensors that are either fully or partially produced by additive manufacturing. Key issues in material development and processes that limit the development of fully 3D-printed sensors are highlighted. Additionally, the role of additively manufactured sensors plays in green technology has been explored. This review is expected to provide the researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the processes and materials used to produce sensors for various applications.

AN EXPLORATION OF PASIFIKA MULTIGENERATIONAL SOCIAL HOUSING

This research explores Pasifika multigenerational social housing, defined as the cohabitation of three or more generations. With nearly a quarter of the Pasifika population residing in such extended family situations, the study aims to scrutinize whether the current social housing infrastructure adequately meets their needs. The research, which employed a case study approach, focused on a Pasifika Community Housing provider working predominantly with Pasifika as a cohort and operating large numbers of social housing properties across Auckland. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were the main data collection methods. The results suggest a significant misalignment between existing multigenerational housing structures and the actual needs of the Pasifika community. The interview data indicates that the current housing framework falls short of meeting the unique requirements of Pasifika households, hence necessitating a redesign of multigenerational housing to align with the diverse lifestyles and preferences of its occupants. The study highlights the inadequacy of a ‘one size fits all’ approach, emphasizing the need for tailor-made designs reflective of the communities residing in multigenerational housing. In conclusion, policymakers should consider a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to the design and implementation of Pasifika multigenerational housing solutions in New Zealand.

AN EXPLORATION OF PASIFIKA MULTIGENERATIONAL SOCIAL HOUSING

This research explores Pasifika multigenerational social housing, defined as the cohabitation of three or more generations. With nearly a quarter of the Pasifika population residing in such extended family situations, the study aims to scrutinize whether the current social housing infrastructure adequately meets their needs. The research, which employed a case study approach, focused on a Pasifika Community Housing provider working predominantly with Pasifika as a cohort and operating large numbers of social housing properties across Auckland. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were the main data collection methods. The results suggest a significant misalignment between existing multigenerational housing structures and the actual needs of the Pasifika community. The interview data indicates that the current housing framework falls short of meeting the unique requirements of Pasifika households, hence necessitating a redesign of multigenerational housing to align with the diverse lifestyles and preferences of its occupants. The study highlights the inadequacy of a ‘one size fits all’ approach, emphasizing the need for tailor-made designs reflective of the communities residing in multigenerational housing. In conclusion, policymakers should consider a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to the design and implementation of Pasifika multigenerational housing solutions in New Zealand.

Ramazan Yemeklerinde Sosyo-Kültürel Değişim: Karaman İli Örneği

Araştırmada Karamanda Ramazan yemekleri üzerinden sosyo-kültürel değişim incelenmiştir. Gastronomi ve din bağlamında Karaman ilindeki sosyo-kültürel değişimi açıklamak çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve kartopu tekniği ile yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu olarak Karaman il merkezinde konuya bilen, farklı yaşlardan 13 katılımcı ile görüşülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgulardan betimsel analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre Karaman ilinde Ramazan ayı öncesinde geçmişteki gibi yemek hazırlıkları yapılmaktadır. İftar ve sahur sofralarında bazı yiyecekler standartlaşmış, bazı yemekler günümüzde aynen korunmuştur. Bazı yemekler dönüşerek günümüzde devam etmiş birçok yemek ise yeni kuşaklar tarafından unutulmuştur. Bayram sabahı gibi dini zaman dilimlerinde bütün ailenin bir arada olduğu özel yemekler yapılmaktadır. Geleneksel olarak tahıldan üretilen hamur türü yiyeceklerin; şehirleşme aşamaları, kadının iş hayatına katılması, yeni kuşakların yiyecek tercihi ve evlerin mimari yapısındaki değişiklikler sonucunda lokanta gibi işletmelerde üretilmeye başlandığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Karaman şehir merkezinde Ramazan ayında sosyo-kültürel bir değişimin meydana geldiği ve bu değişimin tüketim alışkanlıklarını da doğrudan etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Karaman il merkezinde Ramazan ayındaki mutfak kültüründeki değişimin tespiti çalışmanın literatüre katkısıdır. Bu bağlamda çalışma ileride yapılacak sosyo-kültürel araştırmalara kaynak teşkil edecektir.

Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Automobile Brake by Wire System Based on Giant-Magnetostrictive Actuator

Addressing the drawbacks of traditional automotive braking systems, including long hydraulic lines, heavy weight, and slow response speed, a new type brake by wire system based on giant-magnetostrictive material is proposed, which consists of giant-magnetostrictive actuator module and mechanical drive module. In this paper, CATIA software is used to establish a three-dimensional model of the brake. In order to verify the reliability of the model, giant-magnetostrictive actuator is taken as the research object, and COMSOL software is used to simulate different working conditions of automobile braking. A Magneto-mechanical coupling model was established and Magneto-mechanical coupling analysis of the actuator was carried out. The simulation results show that the aluminum shell material is superior to the 45 steel shell material. The inductance direction of the actuator is approximately elliptical from top to bottom, with uniform distribution of magnetic flux density and stress. The output stress is 5e4N/m2, and the maximum elongation is 0.1071mm. Finally, the driving efficiency of GMA was verified on an optical isolation platform, and comparative experiments were conducted before and after optimization using instruments such as laser displacement samplers, Tesla meters, and force sensors. The experimental results indicate that by optimizing the housing material and structure of the actuator, the displacement increased from 0.05188mm to 0.1003mm, magnetic induction increased from 42.9mT to 79.9mT, resulting in an increase of 41.6% and 42.7% respectively, and the maximum output force was 4752.3N. It makes a certain contribution to the application of GMA to automotive braking field and further proves the effectiveness of GMA in the application of automobile brake by wire system.

The Design of Earthquake Evacuation Spaces Based on Local Wisdom: A Case Study of Traditional Houses in South Sulawesi

Indonesia is situated on the Ring of Fire, which causes a lot of earthquakes. On the 28 September 2018, there was an earthquake in Palu, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, which was one of the strongest shakings since 1980. Surprisingly, most traditional houses in Sulawesi survived. There has been some research on adapting traditional house structures to modern residential buildings. The limited availability of wood and complicated construction make adapting wood structures to current conditions challenging. The purpose of this study is to analyze space organization in ten traditional South Sulawesi house designs. A possible evacuation route can be found through the analysis as the first space for expeditiously escaping from an earthquake. In addition, modernizing the layout of a traditional South Sulawesi house and introducing it to local people was easy since they were familiar with the design. A deep analysis of spatial organization and its interrelations can help develop realistic designs, plans, and knowledge, thus improving the quality of residential projects. A descriptive qualitative method was used as a research method. Data were collected from field observations, brief interviews, and literature reviews. In order to analyz thee data, ORA-LITE was used to redraw the data and create the charts. It was found that different cultures have different evacuation spaces, in this case the Bugis tribe and the Toraja tribe. A corridor and kitchen were the most strategically located areas that could possibly be used for evacuation. Considering the differences in culture among tribes, designing evacuation spaces based on local culture was important. A recommendation based on this finding can also be made to the government of South Sulawesi in the design of residential houses.

Digitalisasi Rumah Batu Kampung Al-Munawar di Palembang

This study examines the Stone House in the Arab village of Al-Munawar founded by Abdurrahman Al-munawar. The house has been inhabited by seven to eight generations, and its age is estimated to be between 200 and 300 years. By providing digital information about Al-Munawar Village, in particular Stone House, the researchers wanted to deepen their understanding of the history and structure of Stone House in al-Minawar Village. The research used literature studies to gather primary and secondary data. The data processing results were presented qualitatively and descriptively and discussed information about al-munawar village, especially Stone House. Researchers conducted direct surveys and measurements in Stone House to ensure the accuracy of the data. It produces digitized images that are accurate and suitable for field conditions.

Assessing current state and prospects for housing construction development in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation

Housing commissioning in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation was low until 2019, which resulted in housing availability lower than the national average. The Government of the Russian Federation implemented the program on preferential mortgage lending “Far Eastern Mortgage” that led to an increase in the housing availability in apartment buildings in the macro-region, purchased on credit, while stimulating price growth at a rate outpacing the increase in household incomes. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving measures to support the housing construction market of apartment buildings in the Far Eastern Federal District. The data on the volume and structure of multifamily housing under construction, the main factors of construction cost formation in the macro-region have been analyzed. The mechanism of mortgage influence with state support on the supply growth has been described. It is shown that the dynamics of supply is insufficient to achieve the average Russian values on housing provision of the population, in this connection stimulation measures require improvement. The high dependence of the housing market on mortgage lending programs with state support has been revealed. Based on the comparative analysis of the Far Eastern Mortgage program with other preferential mortgage programs, the article presents proposals for improving the measures of state support for multifamily housing construction in the Far East.

Models of residential space for ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province associated with sustainable livelihoods

Thanh Hoa Province has 11 mountainous districts with seven ethnic minority groups, and the three largest ethnic groups are the Muong, Thai, and H'Mong. This region has great potential for developing a forest-based economy, ecotourism, community-based tourism, and cultural heritage tourism that is associated with cultural festivals, customs, lifestyles, and traditional housing architecture. However, developing a family-based economy, such as engaging in community-based tourism or agricultural production, has negatively affected and disrupted the structure of village spaces, spatial planning, and traditional house design. The arbitrary construction of additional service spaces and spaces for resident guests within the village space and the precinct of a house has reduced the area of the garden and agricultural land. The self-initiated modification, expansion, and use of non-traditional materials in traditional housing structures by residents to serve tourists have resulted in the loss of the architectural value of traditional homes. The exploitation of agricultural land has affected the natural forest area, the forest protection area at the headwaters, and the vegetation cover and natural ecosystems. Moreover, agricultural economic activities have not been linked to service activities, handicraft production, or tourism, and there are no adaptive residential space models, thus failing to create sustainable livelihood activities. Therefore, the article proposes settlement space models and orientations for residential space development including village spaces, house precincts, and traditional housing spaces of ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province, associated with sustainable livelihoods based on the exploitation of traditional housing architectural heritage values to ensure local economic development. These models are closely linked with the conservation and promotion of ethnic cultural values, landscape preservation, environmental protection, and contribution to poverty reduction for residents.