Housing Maintenance Research Articles

Clinical Features of Disaster-Associated Direct Deaths during Recent Inland Earthquakes in Japan.

Natural disasters, including earthquakes, cause disaster-associated direct deaths due to hazards and disaster-related deaths. This study was a retrospective and observational study that explored the effect of natural disasters on direct death. Although research reports on disaster-related deaths are common, there are few reports of disaster-associated direct death caused by events, such as house collapses, fires, and sediment-related factors. The amendment of the Building Standards Law in 1981 has made Japanese building standards more stringent. We sought to examine the determinants of the number of disaster-associated direct deaths during recent inland earthquakes in Japan. Following 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes (April 14, 21:26 [magnitude (M) 6.5], April 15, 0:03 [M 6.4], and April 16, 1:25 [M 7.3] and the subsequent numerous aftershocks), police necropsies confirmed 50 disaster-associated direct deaths (28 women [56%]). Thirty-four victims (68%) were elderly people 65 years of age or older, and 38 victims (76%) died as a result of a collapsed house. These percentages are consistent with those associated with recent inland earthquake disasters in Japan. The main finding was a linear correlation between the number of completely collapsed houses and the number of deaths due to house collapse during recent inland earthquakes in Japan (P = 0.02). It is suggested that the maintenance of houses may be important in reducing the number of disaster-associated direct deaths during inland earthquakes. The amendment of the Building Standards Law might reduce the number of disaster-associated direct deaths during inland earthquakes.

Influence of a diet and physical activity on the nutritional status of soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry units

AbstractIntroductionResearch from recent years indicate a problem of excessive body weight among soldiers, who due to the kind of carried out work should reveal the best health and fitness. Moreover, proper nutritional status in case of soldiers is extremely important, as it significantly affects their physical fitness. The aim of the study was to determine impact of the diet and physical activity on selected indicators of protein-energy and mineral nutritional status.Materials and methodsOne hundred and twenty male soldiers (aged: 28 ± 5; years of service: 5 ± 5), serving completed validated for Polish population the Food Frequency Questionnaire and long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body composition was determined by an electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) and bone mineral density of forearm bone of the non-dominant hand was assessed by the DEXA densitometric method, using apparatus EXA 3000.Results and discussionThis study confirmed the impact of both the diet and physical activity on selected measures of soldiers’ nutritional status, i.e. fat mass index and bone mineral density. Out of selected 61 products negative correlation between FMI and frequency of apples and pears consumption (r = -0.23, p = 0,023), and positive correlation with frequency of beer (r = 0.20, p = 0.049) and vodka and spirits drinking (r = 0.26, p = 0.010) consumption were found. While the T-score value positively correlated with frequency of tropical fruits (r = 0.23, p = 0.024), avocado (r = 0.25, p = 0.014), fine-grained not refined groats (r = 0.22, p = 0.030) and eggs (r = 0.29, p = 0.004) consumption. A negative correlation was found for frequency of refined bread (r = -0.24, p = 0.019), sausages(r = -0.35, p < 0.023), high-quality cold cuts (r = -0.25, p = 0.014, sugar to sweeten beverages (r = -0.31, p = 0.002), biscuits and cakes (r = -0.23, p = 0.016), salty snacks (r = -0.23, p = 0.023), fruit juices and nectars (r = -0.28, p = 0.005) and sugar-sweetened beverages (r = -0.34, p = 0.001). A negative correlation with FMI (r = -0.22, p = 0.036) for weekly physical activity expressed in MET-minutes/week was found. Positive correlations were found between T-score value and physical activity expressed in MET-minutes per week in total, housework, house maintenance and caring for family (r = 0.22; p = 0.040), and recreation, sport and physical activity in leisure time (r = 0.25, p = 0.019), as well as moderate physical activity (r = 0.28, p = 0.008) and intense one (r = 0.21, p = 0.046). The founded abnormalities in nutritional status, as well as numerous nutritional errors indicate a need for further monitoring of this group of soldiers, not only in terms of accuracy of nutritional status, their diet and physical activity, but also wider understood health behavior

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРАВОВОЙ ОСНОВЫ СИСТЕМЫ ЖКХ В РОССИИ: НАЧАЛЬНЫЙ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ЭТАП

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical process of formation of urban planning legislation that regulates public relations regarding the creation, maintenance and operation of housing and communal systems. The material was prepared on the basis of regulations included in the Complete Collection of Laws and the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. The conclusion is made about the presence of non-systematized sporadic normative acts of different levels and effect, covering the areas currently united by the concept of “housing and communal services”, including those specified in codifications of Russian law created in the 19th century. It is concluded that the beginning of the 20th century elements of the “common part” of housing and communal legislation and the relationship of the presented area of regulation with police law were formed.

Angeschlossen und gleichgeschaltet. Kino in Österreich 1938–1945 by Klaus Christian Vögl

Reviewed by: Angeschlossen und gleichgeschaltet. Kino in Österreich 1938–1945 by Klaus Christian Vögl Robert Dassanowsky Angeschlossen und gleichgeschaltet. Kino in Österreich 1938–1945. By Klaus Christian Vögl. Vienna: Böhlau, 2018. Pp. 447. Paper €60.00. ISBN 978-3205202974. Following the collapse of the Vienna-Hollywood coproduction deal of 1936, which might have reduced Ständestaat Austria's financial need to export films to Germany and have its major companies continue to abide by Nazi racist laws to do so, mainstream Austrian film had lost much of its specific content, qualities, and style to a general Gleichschaltung promoting an increase of German coproductions and cultural messages. Vienna's largest film studio, Tobis-Sascha, had been "still arisiert" (35) before the Anschluss, and the iconoclastic independent Emigrantenfilm productions made with Jewish and anti-Nazi talent in Vienna, Budapest, and Prague disappeared, with its talent once again on the run. It has often been said that Goebbels expected he could walk into the Austrian film industry on the day of the Anschluss and find it ideologically ready for immediate assignment, given that its Gleichschaltung through infiltration and manipulation had been a working goal since 1934 when the restriction of Jewish talent in imported Austrian film was first set (34). Klaus Christian Vögl's meticulously researched and detailed study takes on exactly what has been needed for a more encompassing examination of the so-called "Wien-Film" era, that of the centralized studio of Vienna, which would have its specific role in the super-centralized triumvirate that included the leading force of UFA in Berlin and Barrandov in Prague. The examination and analysis here regard not the art of [End Page 197] film, but the system of cinema theater presentation and its relationships with the individual owner, the studio, the party and the municipality, film distribution venues, the development and maintenance of cinema houses, the propagandistic charge of programming, other branch partnerships, as well as the "organized" dissolution of cinema exhibition beginning in 1944. Vögl's direct theoretical principal, "Film ist ungleich Kino" (15), clearly fashions the aims of his study—there are no digressions into film analysis no matter how tempting that might be at certain points. His devotion to a "thematische Eingrenzung" (15) allows for a clearer understanding of the pure business and impure political aspects of Nazi cinema in annexed Austria, and vis-à-vis its Berlin leadership than has appeared before. The success of this text is based in the author's rejection of creating a traditional history book to tracing the flow of cinema development as a subordinate result of the "Ostmark's" geopolitical development. Vögl instead creates an efficient five-phase format that focuses principally on cinema business, law, technology, propaganda, and party relationships, which influenced the Reich rather than simply seeming to react to it. The first phase, from March to June 1938, deals with the initial "Einbindung des österreichischen rechtlichen und politischen Systems in das reichsdeutsche … insbesondere den Vorbereitungen zur 'Arisierung' der jüdischen Filmtheater …" (84). Its "lawful" basis is imbedded in the "Volksabstimmung," which became the first important role for the Reichsfilmkammer in presenting Anschluss propaganda across the entire Austrian landscape, including the deployment of "30 Tonfilmwagen" that would travel to any and every tiny village without a cinema to at once entertain and instruct its Volk. The second phase, from June 1938 to the start of war in September 1939, deals with the established law on "Aryanization" of Jewish wealth from a cinema industry aspect. A time lag was allowed for actual confiscation due to the relationship of Jewish cinema owners (the "unacceptable" studio functionaries had long been dismissed) who were still connected personally to the distribution of Hollywood and other foreign films in the Reich's film programming. Following this phase, the Reichsfilmkammer would be in charge of all film distribution, selection of theater management, and cinema theater concessions. Vögl's third phase runs from September 1938 to the summer of 1943, which sums up the experiences of the Reich until the recognized turning point of the war. Film distribution from now-Allied and even neutral countries had ended, and the selection was reduced to German...

도시재생사업의 평가요인 선정 및 적용†

The purpose of this study was to suggest indicator-based selection and improvement plans for evaluating urban regeneration projects. First, we selected the indicators by conducting expert surveys and analysis of the responses received. Additionally, using the selected indicators, we analyzed the residents’ opinions in Wongogae Village, where urban regeneration projects were in progress. Based on these, we suggested a plan to improve Wongogae Village. According to the study, we classified the urban regeneration evaluation indicators into ‘Physical environment’, ‘Social environment’ and ‘Economic environment’ according to their characteristics. We selected urban regeneration evaluation factors through the first expert survey and MCB analysis. As a result, we selected six factors for the ‘Physical environment’ category: ‘Traffic and pedestrian environment’, ‘Residential (housing) environment’, ‘Safety and security environment’, ‘Greenspace’, ‘Landscape improvement’ and ‘Public space’, In the ‘Social environment’ category, four factors were chosen: ‘Resident participation’, ‘Community activation’, ‘Role of the local government and support centers’ and ‘Resident education’ while for the ‘Economic environment’ category three factors were selected: ‘Local economic revitalization’, ‘Creating an economy-based environment’, ‘Job creation’. Next, we conducted a second expert survey and carried out an AHP analysis using the selected evaluation factors to derive the overall weight for each. Among the evaluation factors for urban regeneration, the ’Residential (housing) environment’ has the highest weighted value of 0.108, followed by ‘Local economic revitalization’ and ‘Resident participation’. Lastly, the analysis of the residents’ opinions of Wongogae Village using the urban regeneration evaluation factors, Parking environment’, ‘Maintenance of old houses and living environment’, ‘Environment for founding town and social enterprises’, ‘Improve commercial and business environment’, ‘Maintain and activate existing business’ and ‘Vitalizing small regional economies such as domestic handicrafts and side-job’ had high overall importance, but low satisfaction, which means that it is necessary to improve the focus. Therefore, in order to improve the urban regeneration project in villages, it is necessary to improve the parking environment by expanding public parking lots, eliminate close houses, and idle lands, or open a school playground in the village for the residents. In addition, it is essential to encourage economic activities, such as fostering village enterprises and social enterprises in connection with cooperatives and allow for the selling of the products through resident activities, such as neighboring markets.

Model of Increasing the Economic Affordability of Housing When Creating Housing Cooperative

The housing problem remains one of the most acute and socially significant, since the possibility of acquiring and improving housing conditions for citizens becomes difficult and impossible to achieve without state support. In particular, a decrease in housing affordability is associated with the quality and growth in the cost per square meter of housing, the tax burden and the annual increase in housing maintenance costs. Nevertheless, the main criterion characterizing the growth of reproduction and ensuring the comfort of living is the income level of the population. Housing is a social criterion and an indicator of the life quality of the population, affecting labor productivity, growth in gross domestic product, dynamics of demographic processes, and economic activity of the population. Undoubtedly, the availability of housing is the main indicator of the economic and social development of the state. Unfortunately, despite the positive dynamics of the housing affordability indicator, there are a number of problems that need to be addressed within the framework of the formation of comfortable housing. And also, it is necessary to introduce the affordability barriers to understand the complexity of creating an affordable housing market. In this article, the authors present a model for increasing housing affordability, taking into account an accurate assessment of the possibility of its acquisition. In addition, we offer a solution to this socio-economic problem by supporting the development of housing cooperation, which shall be expressed in the formation of new legal institutions and instruments that contribute to the guaranteed accumulation of funds by citizens for the acquisition of real estate.

The impact of digital finance on household consumption: Evidence from China

Using panel data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2013, 2015, and 2017 and the digital inclusive finance index developed by Peking University, this study examined impacts of the digital inclusive finance on household consumption and explored its mechanisms. Results suggest that the digital inclusive finance could promote households consumption. A heterogeneity analysis showed that households with fewer assets, lower income, less financial literacy and in third- and fourth-tier cities experienced larger facilitating effects of digital finance on consumption compared to their counterparts. For consumption categories, digital finance was positively correlated with food, clothing, house maintenance, medical care, and education and entertainment expenditures. In terms of consumption structure, digital finance mainly promoted the recurring household expenditures rather than the non-recurring expenditures. Further analyses based on the mediating model found that online shopping, digital payment, obtainment of online credit, purchase of financing products on the internet and business insurance, were the main mediating variables through which digital finance affected household consumption.

Factors of Interregional Migration in Russia Disaggregated by Age

This paper examines the factors of interregional migration in Russia for people of different ages. Basing on 2010 census data, we estimate negative binomial regression models for total migration flows and migration flows disaggregated by age with socio-economic, demographic, geographical factors of the regions of departure and arrival. The analysis showed that only two flows: migrants of economically active age and families react correctly (from an economic point of view) to the variables of the labor market, incomes, the economic situation of the regions of departure and arrival, and housing indicators. Pensioners tend to minimize the costs of living, moving to poorer regions with high unemployment, where the cost of living is cheaper, and to regions with a favorable climate, thus saving on housing maintenance and having opportunity for subsistence farming. Students and young people are rational in their relocation in a different way, they are motivated by the possibility of building up human capital and opportunities for starting a career, while other factors are insignificant for them. The study also confirmed the hypothesis that in Russia, as in other countries, migrant flows of different ages move in opposite directions.

VOLUNTARY HOUSING DELIVERY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF PARTNERSHIPS TO THE SUCCESS OF A COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATION (WASSUP) IN DIEPSLOOT LOW-INCOME COMMUNITY, JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa continues to face a persistent housing challenge. This article examines the success of a housing partnership initiated by WASSUP, a housing-based voluntary organisation operating in Diepsloot, a low-income community north of Johannesburg. Findings showed that from its inception the organisation had gained grassroots support, because it targeted the felt housing maintenance needs of the community. Local leadership and other non-profit organisations (NPOs) in the community developed a sense of ownership, as they were involved in defining the relevant needs and the establishment of WASSUP. The authors recommend purposeful support for housing partnerships through financial and advisory support, among other aspects.

Expanding transnational care networks: comparing caring for families with caring for homes

AbstractAlthough many factors may motivate a migrant to own a house in their country of origin, significant practical labour is needed to maintain it, as both a material structure intended for shelter and as a symbolic object reflecting attachment to a place of origin. Most research in this area focuses on the significance accorded to transnational houses by their owners and families connoted by the ‘myth of return’, but little attention has been given to how the labour of ownership – constructing, maintaining, overseeing and improving the house – is accomplished. In the light of emerging studies on the care labour that remittance houses require, this article suggests a theoretical framework for studying networks of transnational house maintenance on three dimensions of care – trust, communication, and remittances – observed in networks for transnational family care provisions. A review of literature on transnational home ownership indicates that these dimensions are also present, with some differences in application.

Surveying After a Disaster: Capturing Elements of Vulnerability, Risk and Lessons Learned from a Household Survey in the Case Study of Hurricane Irma in Sint Maarten

On September 5 2017, a Category 5 Hurricane, named Irma, struck the Caribbean island of Sint Maarten causing destruction and loss of life across the territory. This paper presents a household survey and the main findings related to vulnerability and risk to extreme weather events in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma. The post-disaster context posed challenges in relation to data collection, determination of sample size and timing of the fieldwork. The survey was conducted using a combination of face-to-face interviews and web-administered questionnaires. This method proved useful in achieving a better coverage of the study area as well as obtaining a greater overall response rate. With regards to the timing of the survey, it was found that a period of six months between Hurricane Irma’s landfall and the field data campaign was adequate in terms of availability of resources and emotional distress of respondents. Data collected in the survey was categorized into general household information, hurricane preparedness and reaction, and risk perception/awareness. Survey findings show that the factors that increased vulnerability and risk on the island include a high tenancy rate, low insurance coverage, lack of house maintenance, disregard to building regulations (particularly on leased lands), low evacuation rate, not receiving a clear warning, and lack of preparation. The factors that reduce vulnerability include high hurricane awareness at a household level and high tendency of rebuilding houses with comparable quality to houses that can sustain hurricanes. Finally, recommendations are provided that could potentially reduce communities’ vulnerability and risk to hurricanes, and lessons learned in conducting household surveys after disasters.

CONTAMINATION OF THE LITTER OF BROILER CHICKENS WITH EIMERIA OOCYSTS DURING THE TECHNOLOGICAL CYCLE OF CULTIVATION

For disinvasion of poultry houses on this site against the exogenous stages of eimeria, a new complex drug “Delegol Pro” was used to prepare poultry houses for occupancy. The drug toltrazuril was prescribed to 2.5% of the chickens aged 8–9 days against the endogenous developmental stages of eimeria. Studies conducted after 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after planting chickens and before slaughter, showed contamination of the litter with eimeria oocysts. The average number of oocysts in 1 g of litter during different periods of research was 3.32; 14.4; 8.6; 7.9 and 3.7 thousands, respectively. Our data show that the release of oocysts begins to decrease gradually 2 weeks after the application of toltrazuril. The low level of oocysts in the litter at the end of the broiler breeding cycle (3.7 thousands) indicates that chickens are well immune to coccidiosis. Contamination of the litter of broiler chickens with invasive elements during outdoor maintenance of the poultry houses during the technological cycle of cultivation after disinfestation and when prescribing coccidiostatics was established from July to September 2017 in the conditions of the “White Bird” Poultry Factory by taking and examining the litter samples at different times of growing broilers. To disinfect all 34 poultry houses at this site against the exogenous stages of ameri, a new complex drug “Delegol Pro” was used in a dose of 0.5 l / m2 at an exposure time of 2 hours when preparing poultry houses for settlement.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN THE MODERN MARKET ECONOMY

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN THE MODERN MARKET ECONOMY

Technical Assessment of Old Buildings by Fuzzy Approach

AbstractA group of old apartment houses with the age over 100 years (that is those carried out before the First World War) takes an important place in polish building resources. Technical maintenance of apartment houses, traditional methods erected, is nowadays and will be a valid problem in the nearest future. The results of the work refer to the general population, estimated for 600 objects, that is about 20% of municipal downtown apartment houses in Wrocław.The purpose of the research was to identify an influence of widely considered maintenance of apartment houses on a degree and intensity of their elements’ deterioration. The goal of the work has been fulfilled by symptoms’ analysis of declining of inspected elements’ exploitation values, that is identification of mechanics of their defects arising.The range of the work has required creation of original qualitative model of pinpointed defects and its transfer into quantitative one. It has made possible to analyse the reason - effect phenomena „defect - technical wear” relevant to the most important elements of Wroclaw downtown district’s apartment houses. The research procedure has been conducted in accordance of fuzzy sets theory which made possible to describe qualitative model of pinpointed defects and its transfer into a quantitative one.

Regional Migration to Jeju, Community Change and Response

2000년 이후 제주로의 인구유입을 배경으로 제주사회는 인구변화뿐만 아니라 다양한 지역사회 변화를 겪고 있다. 이 글에서는 제주 이주열풍에 대한 지방자치단체 차원의 지원정책 형성과 변화 그리고 마을 단위의 변화와 대응을 살펴보고자 하였으며, 이 글은 이주민들이 정착하면서 나타난 각 마을 단위의 변화에 대한 심층 분석을 위한 토대적 논의에 해당한다. 2000년 이후 제주로의 이주 열풍은 1990년대 후반부터 농어촌을 중심으로 귀농· 귀촌 바람이 불면서 추진해온 정부의 귀농· 귀촌지원정책을 배경으로 하며, 제주도 행정당국은 2014년 정착주민 관련 조례를 제정하고 담당 부서를 설치하는가 하면 정착주민지원센터와 정착주민협의회를 구성하는 등 이주자들의 제주 정착 지원을 해왔다. 그러나 이주자들이 정착한 마을에서 사회· 경제· 문화 갈등이 커지면서 제주도 행정당국은 2017년 7월 20일부터 ‘정착주민의 지역공동체 조성을 위한 조례’로 전면 개정해 이주민과의 상생협력의 지역공동체 조성에 역점을 두는 방향으로 정책을 선회하였다. 다음으로 산업화와 도시화에 다른 농· 산· 어촌의 인구 감소와 이에 따른 학생 수 감소 등을 배경으로 해1980년대 초부터 정부의 소규모학교 통· 폐합 정책이 수립되어 추진되어왔는데, 제주에서는 정부의 소규모학교 통폐합 정책에 반하여 작은 학교를 유지, 발전시키기 위해 학교살리기운동을 전개하는 마을들이 등장하였고, 이러한 상황에서 지방자치단체는 이들 마을에 대해서 공동주택 및 빈집 정비 사업을 통해 지원해왔다. 이러한 지방자치단체와 마을공동체의 대응의 성과에도 불구하고, 최근 들어 이주민의 정착으로 초창기 긍정적 변화가 나타나던 마을들에서조차 갈등이 생기는 상황에서 지방자치단체의 지원 사업 간 유기적 연계와 이주민과 더불어 살아가는 지역공동체 조성에 역점을 둔 정책의 내실화가 필요하다. 이와 함께 마을단위의 사회·경제·문화적 변동에 대한 보다 심층적인 이해 노력과 다문화시대에 새로운 지역성 찾기를 위한 방안 모색이 필요하다.Since 2000, the Jeju society has been experiencing not only population change but also various community changes with the influx of migrants into Jeju. The purpose of this article is to investigate the formation and change of resettlement policy of immigrants in Jeju immigration hotspots and the changes and responses in villages. Since 2000, the immigration frenzy of Jeju has been implemented since the late 1990s in the backbone of the government s support policies for the farming villages, They have set up a department in charge and have set up a settlement support center and settlement council to support immigrant settlement in Jeju. However, as the social, economic, and cultural conflicts have grown in the villages where immigrants have settled in, the local governments have been fully revised from July 20, 2017 to the Ordinance for the Establishment of Local Communities of Settled Residents.” The policy was turned in the direction of emphasis on composition. Second, in order to reduce the population of industrialized and urbanized fishing villages, and to reduce the number of students, the government has set up a policy to close the small schools in the early 1980s. In order to maintain and develop small schools without following the policy of abandoning schools, there are villages in which schools are revitalizing. In this situation, local governments have supported these villages through the joint housing and vacant house maintenance projects. Despite the achievements of these local governments and local communities in policy making process, even in the villages where the positive changes occurred in the early days due to the settlement of the migrant. In addition to strengthening policies that emphasize the creation of local communities where existing residents are in harmony with each other, it is necessary to deepen understanding of social, economic, and cultural changes in villages and find ways to find new localities in the multicultural era.

Peran Perempuan Dalam Pemeliharaan Rumah Tradisional di Kampung Tarung, Sumba Barat, NTT

Local knowledge of Kampung Tarung community is maintained to preserve the traditional house. Most of the local knowledge is practiced by women because it relates to its domestic role. So the role of women has an impact on the preservation of traditional homes. The formulation of problem in this research include (1) How is the role of Kampung Tarung women in traditional house maintenance? (2) What forms of local knowledge do women have in Kampung Tarung? and (3) How is the impact of local knowledge owned by Kampung Tarung women towards the preservation of traditional house ?. The purpose of this research is to (1) identify and explain the role of Tarung Village women in traditional house maintenance; (2) describes the local knowledge forms owned by the Kampung Tarung women; and (3) disclose and analyze the impact of local knowledge of Kampung Tarung women on the preservation of traditional houses. Descriptive qualitative research methods with participant observation techniques, interviews, literature studies, and analysis of field data findings. The role of women in the maintenance of traditional houses in Kampung Tarung can be described by applying the role theory and the theory of ecofeminism. The role, according to Soekanto, is the dynamic aspect of status, so that if a person exercises his rights and obligations in accordance with his position he can be said to run a role. Meanwhile, ecofeminism as proposed Megawangi, see the individual comprehensively as a being that is bound and interact with the environment. This study also uses the concept of women's roles, local knowledge, and traditional houses. The results of the study show the importance of the role of women in the maintenance of traditional houses related to their daily domestic activities, the role is based on local knowledge possessed by women as the most effective way of maintaining traditional houses. Forms of local knowledge that are presently maintained, can not be separated from female figures and forms of local knowledge are taught to the children so that the next generation retains the kelur of the traditional house of Kampung Tarung.

The Possibility for Maintenance and Management of Vacant Houses by the Silver Human Resources Centers

The Possibility for Maintenance and Management of Vacant Houses by the Silver Human Resources Centers

Зарубіжний досвід управління та обслуговування багатоквартирних житлових будинків

Зарубіжний досвід управління та обслуговування багатоквартирних житлових будинків

Simulation of the System of Repairs of Apartment Buildings

the main issue of the study is the problem of improving the efficiency of the housing sector. The current state system does not ensure the proper efficiency of the housing stock, which is increasingly manifested in the growing gap between the cost of operation of apartment buildings, aimed at ensuring the quality of their functioning and the real state of this quality. In recent years, numerous regulatory documents have been adopted to ensure the normal maintenance of buildings, but a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of various activities with technical and economic solutions, in most cases, has an empirical nature, not confirmed by a strict analytical justification. The purpose of the study is a systematic integrated approach to solving problems to improve the efficiency of maintenance of housing using the proposed mathematical apparatus, which allows you to objectively, fully and accurately assess the relationship of economic and technical indicators. All total socially significant economic indicators of operational measures can be the basis of legislative regulation in the industry. Conclusions: criteria for assessing the effective and safe operation of buildings, optimal for residents of apartment buildings and management companies serving these houses.

A REVIEW ON SCENARIO, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF POULTRY PRODUCTION IN NEPAL

Poultry production is a growing industry that accounts about 3.5% of total GDP. The number of commercial farm is concentrated to districts like Chitwan, Kathmandu and Kaski but major of the poultry farming is followed by rural people which is under the free range system and low input production system. This review was written to summarize and study the present status, challenges and potential of poultry farming. In order to meet the demand of the poultry, the commercial poultry population has increased about more than two times than the last decade. Similarly, there has been marked increase in the number of laying birds, meat production and egg production in these recent years. But it has not been able to surpass the demand in the market. To meet the demand through commercialization, people have suffered different challenges like increase cost of production, lack of maintenance of bio-security, improper maintenance of housing ,lack of proper knowledge about poultry production ,irregular supply of qualifiable chicks ,religious and cultural restrictions ,outbreak of different diseases , lack of slaughter house and processing plant etc which has threatened the poultry business which can be uplifted through certain management strategies along with policies, programs and awareness campaign.