Housing Block Research Articles

Planning Structure As A Road Traffic Pollution Differentiation Factor: A Case Study Of Nur-Sultan

The article deals with the problem of spatial differentiation of road transport pollution due to the planning structure changes in the new capital of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the work is to study territorial differences in from vehicles Nur-Sultan from vehicles and to identify the role of embodied planning measures among the main factors of its differentiation. The research methodology included the analysis of 1) the city functions and planning structure transformation as well as the buildings and road network density and concentration; 2) traffic speed and intensity, emissions and their distribution areas for each street.The analysis showed that since 1997, when Nur-Sultan received the capital status, it has grown 3 times in the area, 3.5 times in population, and 6 times in the level of motorization. However, the volume of traffic emissions in the city increased only 2 times, largely due to the development of the planning structure and configuration of the road network. The development of a second center in the new part of the city along with the decrease in the barrier function of the river and transport transit because of the faster construction of transport infrastructure led to an increase in the density of the road network by more than 2 times while reducing the density of emissions in the city center by 2.25 times. For the rest of the territory, despite different growth rates in the road network density, the density of emissions steadily decreases from the center to the periphery. However, several locations with a high level of pollution are still present in the middle part, while on the outskirts of the city there are blocks of estate-type houses with low-quality roads, which hinder the development of public transport.

Leveraging open data to reconstruct the Singapore Housing Index and other building-level markers of socioeconomic status for health services research

BackgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health, and SES data is an important confounder to control for in epidemiology and health services research. Individual level SES measures are cumbersome to collect and susceptible to biases, while area level SES measures may have insufficient granularity. The ‘Singapore Housing Index’ (SHI) is a validated, building level SES measure that bridges individual and area level measures. However, determination of the SHI has previously required periodic data purchase and manual parsing. In this study, we describe a means of SHI determination for public housing buildings with open government data, and validate this against the previous SHI determination method.MethodsGovernment open data sources (e.g. data.gov.sg, Singapore Land Authority OneMAP API, Urban Redevelopment Authority API) were queried using custom Python scripts. Data on residential public housing block address and composition from the HDB Property Information dataset (data.gov.sg) was matched to postal code and geographical coordinates via OneMAP API calls. The SHI was calculated from open data, and compared to the original SHI dataset that was curated from non-open data sources in 2018.ResultsTen thousand seventy-seven unique residential buildings were identified from open data. OneMAP API calls generated valid geographical coordinates for all (100%) buildings, and valid postal code for 10,012 (99.36%) buildings. There was an overlap of 10,011 buildings between the open dataset and the original SHI dataset. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.999 for the two sources of SHI, indicating almost perfect agreement. A Bland-Altman plot analysis identified a small number of outliers, and this revealed 5 properties that had an incorrect SHI assigned by the original dataset. Information on recently transacted property prices was also obtained for 8599 (85.3%) of buildings.ConclusionSHI, a useful tool for health services research, can be accurately reconstructed using open datasets at no cost. This method is a convenient means for future researchers to obtain updated building-level markers of socioeconomic status for policy and research.

Urban Squares in Late Bronze Age Ugarit: a Street View on Ancient Near Eastern Governance

Urban Squares in Late Bronze Age Ugarit: a Street View on Ancient Near Eastern Governance

A Spatial Grammar Model for Designing Mass Customized High-rise Housing Blocks

Emergence as a product of natural processes is a typical feature for traditional and vernacular housing settlements created by different users with their various needs. However, this feature disappears in housing production approaches for uniform and standard users due to mass production concerns. The main reason is that user needs cannot be fully transferred to design strategies due to excessive standardization. One of the main factors in this is the need for design tools and methods that effectively evaluate preferences with complex relationships. Shape grammars and spatial grammars, one of the generative design approaches, exhibit original emergence examples with their rich diversity and adaptability to different approaches. Hence, it can be seen as an alternative for solving such problems. This article presents a parametric spatial grammar model that can design high rise housing blocks with customized dwelling for each family. The compositions of these houses ground on specific spatial relationships defined by parametric rule sets. In the article, the generative design process was developed in two stages. The first stage includes the formal, syntactical, and functional relations of the spaces in a floor plan, their representation according to the rules, and generating alternative solutions. The second stage consists of the representation of the facade rules and the parametric grammar that generates the facades. In the developed spatial grammar model, user preferences are transferred to the computer through the designed interface. Dimensional properties of housing blocks are defined by a gridal system, which is determined according to user preferences and used as a starting base for spatial grammar. Plan layouts are generated on this defined grid and by sequential application of rules. In conclusion, the adaptability of spatial grammar and the rich alternatives designers can use and develop are emphasized.

Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Isoman (Isolasi Mandiri) di Desa dan di Kota Terhadap Hubungan Sosial Kemasyarakatan

ABSTRACTIn breaking the chain of the spread of Covid-19, one of the efforts that can be done is to undergo self- isolation (isoman). The purpose of implementing this isoman is to limit a person or area suspected of being infected from transmitting the virus to other people or to groups of people at risk. However, the various polemics that occur are often the community views negatively people who do isoman such as distancing themselves, lack of social sense and empathy. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of isoman implementation on community social relations that occur in the village area, namely Tawang Hamlet, Driyorejo Village, Nguntoronadi District, Magetan Regency and the City area in Jaya Maspion Permata Housing Block B4-63 Bangah Village, Gedangan District, Sidoarjo Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative to describe the reality in the field, through data obtained from interviews, observations and documentation. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in the availability of health facilities where the city area has complete facilities in terms of the use of hand sanitizers and oxygen cylinders, in contrast to Driyorejo Village where the availability of health care programs is still limited. Meanwhile, based on the results of respondents, social relations, both city and village residents, on average during self-isolation, residents work together and are enthusiastic to help fulfill logistics, such as basic needs, medicines, and others

Living in anachronistic space: Temporalities of displacement in Moscow's Soviet-era standardised housing

In 2017, the Moscow municipality announced the demolition of several thousand remaining Soviet-era, standardised apartments (khrushchevki). Known as the Renovation, the renewal project promises to replace the khrushchevki with new residential districts. Based on fieldwork in Northern Izmailovo, a district targeted for demolition, this article analyses encroaching displacement by foregrounding the temporal experiences of affected residents. Building on literature that explores the political underpinnings of discourse and aesthetics in urban renewal projects, with particular attention to Rancière's temporal politics, the article contends that the Renovation depends on the discursive construction of its targets as spatial anachronisms. This renders the Soviet-era housing blocks, and those who live within them, vulnerable to a spectrum of modernising aestheticising interventions—from minor ornamentation to wholesale demolition. Based on ethnographic data, the article shows how the initial stages of redevelopment have altered a local network of benches. For a group of long-standing, elderly residents, these disruptions have instigated more profound reckonings with their own sense of time in/and space, leading to an understanding that they, too, are seen as anachronistic features of the city. Paying attention to urban materiality on a granular scale, particularly in standardised housing estates, reveals the multifaceted temporalities that inform residents' engagements with the spaces of their home districts. The article argues that doing so counters the exclusionary temporal logic of the discourse of anachronism by denying its ubiquity. In turn, it speaks to growing geographic interest in amplifying alternative temporalities in the face of destructive, terminal change.

Indian Housing Block Grant—Competitive Grant Program (HUD)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 45, Issue 20 p. 5-5 Grants Alerts Indian Housing Block Grant—Competitive Grant Program (HUD) First published: 14 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.31951Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue2016 September 2021Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

A Millimeter-Wave 4th-Harmonic Schottky Diode Mixer with Integrated Local Oscillator

In this paper the design and experimental validation of a fourth-harmonic mixer based on Schottky diodes working around 300 GHz is presented. The main novelty of this work consists in the integration of an MMIC-based local oscillator, working around 75 GHz, and a mixer in the same metallic block housing. A prototype has been characterized using the Y-Factor method and yields a best measured conversion loss and an equivalent noise temperature of 14 dB and 9600 K, respectively. This performance is comparable to the state-of-the-art for this type of mixer.

Noise reduction of enhanced acoustic balconies on a high-rise building block

A new device called 'enhanced acoustic balcony' is installed in a new housing estate in Hong Kong. It is intended to help reduce the impact of traffic noise on the residents. This balcony is basically an enlarged form of a plenum window and with three openings. Apart from the outdoor air inlet, there is the balcony door and a side-hung window on the interior balcony wall for natural ventilation of the indoor space. Sound absorption of NRC 0.7 is installed on the balcony ceiling and its sidewall facing the incoming traffic noise and an inclined panel is installed outside the balcony to provide noise screening. A site measurement of its noise reduction is carried out in the present study in a newly completed housing block. A 28 m long loudspeaker array is used as the sound source. The indoor noise levels are measured according to ISO standard. The results show that the difference between indoor and outdoor noise levels in the presence of this balcony form varies over a relatively narrow range between 10 to 13 dBA for an elevation angle from 25 to 60 deg. There is a weak increase of the noise level difference with elevation angle.

Dominant type and migrant spaces in Chinese cities: architectural transformation of the tower-podium typology of a high-rise housing block into hybrid living place in Ningbo, China

ABSTRACT Focusing on the housing issue which segregates city dwellers and marginalises the migrants, this paper proposes an architectural transformation of a dominant type in Chinese cities, in search of a sustainable regeneration strategy which encourages social integration. This paper is concerned with two main issues: how to transform a dominant type of high-rise residential living – i.e. tower-podium residential – in China to promote a sustainable city, architecture and community; and how to integrate migrant-working class with the middle-income class to form a hybrid cohabitation place. The paper uses a design project to put forward a hypothesis, focusing on modifying the spaces of the podium in a tower-podium residential building in Xiaowen Street, Ningbo to provide a cohabitation living space for both migrant-working class and middle-income class group. The design creates spaces for living, co-working and community interaction, etc. to cultivate hybrid programme and spaces aided by informal spatial design strategies. Besides providing a case study of typological transformation with a tower-podium housing type of Ningbo, the study also contributes to the literature of informal cities and design strategies in seeing architectural design as an active agent for social changes.

Marketing Communication Strategy Of Riyan Farm Hydroponic Vegetable (Case Of Riyan Farm Smes, Serang City)

Riyan Farm is one of agricultural business that uses hydroponic method to grow vegetables in Serang City. However, many people of Serang City and the county around are still not knowing Riyan Farm’s hydroponic product which results in decreased sales. This requires Riyan Farm to determind the right marketing communication strategy. This study lasted for 7 months with several considerations. The research took place on RSS Pemda Housing Block D1 Banjarsari District Cipocok Jaya Serang City Banten. This research uses a benchmarking approach against other business that have similar products and have been successful in the market. Benchmarking method performed by collecting information from other Farm’s product through in-depth interviews and observation and other data that have reliable information as books and literature. The analysis tools used are Gap analysis, IFE matrix, EFE matrix and SWOT matrix. The Gap analysis based on marketing communication mix results in 7 recommendation of communication strategy. In order to create the applicative strategy that suits company’s environment, those 7 recommendations should be combined with the result of SWOT Analysis. The last of result shows 5 market communication alternative strategy.

AUTOMATIC MODELLING OF 3D TREES USING AERIAL LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA AND DEEP LEARNING

Abstract. 3D tree objects can be used in various applications, like estimation of physiological equivalent temperature (PET). During this project, a method is designed to extract 3D tree objects from a country-wide point cloud. To apply this method on large scale, the algorithm needs to be efficient. Extraction of trees is done in two steps: point-wise classification using the PointNet deep learning network, and Watershed segmentation to split points into individual trees. After that, 3D tree models are made. The method is evaluated on 3 areas, a park, city center and housing block in the city of Deventer, the Netherlands. This resulted into an average accuracy of 92% and a F1-score of 0.96.

Multiscale Contextual Poverty in the Netherlands: Within and Between-Municipality Inequality

Contextual poverty refers to high proportions of people with a low income in a certain (residential) space, and it can affect individual socioeconomic outcomes as well as decisions to move into or out of the neighbourhood. Contextual poverty is a multiscale phenomenon: Poverty levels at the regional scale reflect regional economic development, while meso-scale concentrations of poverty within cities are related to city-specific social, economic and housing characteristics. Within cities, poverty can also concentrate at micro spatial scales, which are often neglected, largely due to a lack of data. Exposure to poverty at lower spatial scales, such as housing blocks and streets, is important because it can influence individuals through social mechanisms such as role models or social networks. This paper is based on the premise that sociospatial context is necessarily multiscalar, and therefore contextual poverty is a multiscale problem which can be better understood through the inequality within and between places at different spatial scales. The question is how to compare different spatial contexts if we know that they include various spatial scales. Our measure of contextual poverty embraces 101 spatial scales and compares different locations within and between municipalities in the Netherlands. We found that the national inequality primarily came from the concentrations of poverty in areas of a few kilometres, located in cities, which have different spatial patterns of contextual poverty, such as multicentre, core-periphery and east–west. In addition to the inequality between municipalities, there are considerable within-municipality inequalities, particularly among micro-areas of a few hundred metres.

Matthew Picton's Urban Narratives. Or how a three-dimensional paper map can beam you into the London bombing nights of 1940

The first impression is a delicate paper city with a river. Homes and blocks of houses formed from printed pages. The buildings are open at the top, the words and the text fragments unfold inside, ...

Home Gardening and the Social Divide of Suburban Space: Methodological Proposal for the Spatial Analysis of a Social Practice in the Greater Paris Urban Area

This paper explores home gardening geography in metropolitan outskirts, seen as a major asset and challenge of the alternative suburban city model. Studies that estimate the domestic production of backyard gardens are scarce, but they all confirm the persistence of an ancient and “ordinary” phenomenon still firmly rooted in the food landscape of the globalised North cities. To fill a gap in European alternative urban and food systems studies, we focus on the case of two subsectors of the extended suburban belt of greater Paris agglomeration. We designed and performed a spatial analysis protocol that differentiates vegetable garden types to test spatial relationships between environmental and intrinsic factors and assess clustering patterns. We had to overcome several methodological barriers by building an original vegetable gardens database and applying distinct qualitative and quantitative methods. Our results show spatial home gardening patterns differentiation at three intertwined levels: At the micro-level of domestic space (according to the size and share of vegetable plots); at the house block level (according to their socio-economic and built environment profile); and at the level of the housing estates or urban agglomeration (according to the geography of social specialisation).

Technologies of the Hungry Ghosts and Underworld Gods

During the seventh lunar month, many Chinese believe that the gates of the underworld open and the spirits return to dwell with the living. During this month, concerts and performances, colloquially known as getai (English: a stage for songs) or kuatai, are staged for both the dead and the living in Singapore and Malaysia. Many Chinese temples and professional videographers in Singapore now provide live streaming of getai performances and spirit possessions during the Hungry Ghost Month. These videos are hosted on Facebook, such as on ‘Singapore Getai’, ‘Singapore Getai Fans Page’, ‘Lixin Fan Page’ and ‘LEX-S Watch Live Channel’. Temples also create Facebook pages where posts of video recordings and live streams of spirit possessions appear. Conventionally, hell and its inhabitants are transported during the seventh month to confined spaces such as private temples, factory sites, ‘void decks’ (a colloquial term for the ground floor of a public housing block), basketball courts or open grass fields where a makeshift stage is erected for the getai performance. Now, with the increasing use of digital technology, deities and spirits perform to the digital camera in ways that extend the performance stage to the digital platform. This suggests that ‘hell’ can shift from a vertical axis (Chinese: 天地人; the realms of heaven, hell and human) to a material stage, where performances of hell percolate as digits on a network that consists of nodes, machines and technologies that mediate the spiritual.

Preserving a modern housing model: the restoration of Pedregulho Housing Neighborhood

This paper examines the history of Pedregulho Housing Neighborhood, built between 1948 and 1960 by the Department of Popular Housing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from the first concepts to the restoration in 2015. Conceived by the urbanists Carmen Portinho and Affonso E. Reidy, it became one of the most emblematic works of modern Brazilian architecture. After years of neglect, in 2015 housing Block A of the neighborhood underwent restoration, one of the only such projects on social housing complexes in Latin America. The paper discusses the housing complex’s history, focusing on the intervention and restoration project, its criteria and challenges, and also the aims and demands by the residents during the works.

Miron Białoszewski jako miejski rytmoanalityk. O roli spojrzenia w Chamowie

The article analyzes Chamowo, a journal by Miron Białoszewski, in which the writer recounts his experience of the block housing estate in Lizbonska street in Warsaw. The leitmotive in the text is the function of the gaze as Białoszewski devotes special attention to the action of looking through the window of his new flat. By concentrating on this apparently prosaic activity, the author of the article reflects upon the ways in which a city can be perceived and lived in. She also analyses the ways of narrating the urban space and representing the everyday of block housing estates, to include finally the rhythmanalysis of the urban space.

A novel turbine ventilator with a damper regulator to adjust exhausted air for energy-saving in buildings

Turbine ventilators are widely used for improving indoor air quality. However, the air exhaust flow rate of presently used turbine ventilators increases with wind speed, which results in a much higher air exchange rate than the required air exchange rate for air quality in the winter for heated buildings. A novel turbine ventilator with damper is developed in this paper for the energy saving of buildings under this circumstance. It could stabilise the air exchange rate in buildings to meet the minimum air quality requirement. Experiment and real site studies are conducted to test the performance of the novel device. The experiment verifies that the novel device could reduce unnecessary air exhaust flow rate when the wind speed is high compared with other presently used turbine ventilators. In a day when the wind speed is 8 m/s, the novel ventilator can reduce about 120 m3/h air volume flow compared with the presently used ventilator in both kitchen and toilet. The real site measurements show that in the conditions of city Brno-Bystrc, Czech Republic, the novel device can save about 30 EUR/y for one apartment on heating, and 2,160 EUR/y for a typical panel house (block of flats) which has three entrances, 72 apartments.

Notas de un proyecto de archivo: la construcción del archivo privado de un arquitecto en Turquía

<p class="p1">Este artículo se centra en un proyecto de archivo, conducido por la Asociación de Arquitectos 1927 en Ankara, sobre una de las figuras principales de la arquitectura moderna en Turquía, el arquitecto Nejat Ersin (1924-2010). La realización de estudios de investigación sobre su vida y sus obras ha estado en la agenda desde 2013, cuando la Asociación trasladó su oficina principal al bloque lecorbusiano de viviendas que Ersin había diseñado. En abril de 2017, su esposa donó sus documentos profesionales y personales a la Asociación. Después de que ella falleció, sus familiares proporcionaron material adicional de archivo en enero de 2018. Los documentos y proyectos recogidos a través de las donaciones, tomados en conjunto, requirieron rediseñar los estudios previstos en 2013. A partir de ello, se discute la construcción del archivo privado de un arquitecto en el contexto de la historiografía arquitectónica.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>