Recipients Of Housing Assistance Research Articles

Cotinine-measured secondhand smoke exposure among federal housing assistance recipients without active tobacco or nicotine in the United States: NHANES, 2007-2018.

The prevalence of cigarette smoking is high among U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) assistance recipients, putting others at risk for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. We evaluated the burden of SHS exposure among HUD-assisted children, adolescents, and adults. Using 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data linked with HUD administrative data, we assessed SHS exposure prevalence, defined using serum cotinine, among non-tobacco, non-nicotine-using, HUD-assisted children and adolescents (ages 3-17 years, n=955) and adults (ages ≥18 years, n=878) and among low-income, HUD-unassisted children and adolescents (n=5,788) and adults (n=8,027). Time trends were evaluated. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were created to assess SHS exposure by HUD assistance status. The prevalence of SHS exposure during 2015-2018 was 73.2% [95% CI: 63.2%-81.7%] among HUD-assisted children and adolescents and 50.1% [40.1%-60.1%] among HUD-assisted adults. Decreases in SHS exposure among HUD-assisted individuals from 2007-2010 through 2015-2018 were significant only for ages 12-17 years (78.6% [68.0%-87.0%] to 64.3% [52.5%-74.9%]; P=0.04). Among low-income individuals, SHS exposure was higher during 2007-2018 among HUD-assisted than HUD-unassisted children and adolescents (Odds Ratio: 3.39 [2.58-4.47]) and adults (2.11 [1.66-2.68]). Results remained significant after adjusting for social, demographic, and housing characteristics. HUD-assisted children, adolescents, and adults had higher exposure to SHS than those not receiving HUD assistance. SHS exposure among HUD-assisted individuals was high for all years studied, compared to published estimates for the general U.S. population, but did decrease among children and adolescents ages 12-17 years. This study is the first to provide biomarker-derived prevalence estimates of SHS exposure among recipients of HUD assistance within a nationally representative sample of the United States. The findings suggest that HUD-assisted children, adolescents, and adults are an at-risk population for SHS exposure, independent of known confounding social and demographic factors.

Impact of the monetary value of housing assistance on adult health outcomes.

To assess the impact of the dollar value of federal low-income housing assistance on adult health outcomes and whether this impact varies across housing assistance programs. We use the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1999 to 2016 linked with administrative records from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) tracking receipt of low-income housing assistance from 1999 to 2017. We use two approaches to assess the impact of the value of housing assistance among HUD housing assistance recipients on outcomes capturing overall health and mental health, chronic and acute health conditions, health care hardship, and food insecurity. First, we use multivariable regression models that adjust for a wide array of possible confounders. Second, we use an instrumental variable approach in which the county-level supply of HUD housing serves as an instrument for the value of housing assistance. Our sample includes all 12,031 adult HUD linkage-eligible NHIS respondents who were currently in HUD housing at the time of their NHIS interview. We find the most consistent associations between the value of housing assistance and measures of health care hardship, a relationship that is most robust for Housing Choice Voucher recipients, where we find a $100 increase in the value of housing assistance is associated with a 6.2 percentage point decrease in probability of needing but not being able to afford medical care. We find little evidence that the value of housing assistance impacts overall health or chronic health outcomes. The relationship between the value of housing assistance and health likely operates via an income effect, wherein receipt of a more valuable benefit frees up resources to spend on needed care. Policy changes to increase the value of housing assistance may have tangible health benefits for tenants receiving housing assistance.

GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE ELIGIBILITY OF PROVIDING HOUSING ASSISTANCE TO POOR FAMILIES

It is very difficult to determine the eligibility of recipients of housing assistance for poor families, especially in gampongs, based on the number of gampong residents who apply. the large number of people who applied for assistance made it difficult for village officials and decision-makers to make decisions. The existence of a model analysis in the eligibility of recipients of housing assistance so that there is no subjectivity in the provision of assistance. The purpose of this research is to identify beneficiaries of housing assistance for underprivileged communities who meet the requirements using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Borda models. The variables used are parents' work (C1), number of parental dependents (C2), sources of income costs (C3), housing conditions (C4), status (C5) and education (C6). The results of selecting the ANP model were that Aminah got a score of 1.445, Hasanah (A2) 1.415, Baihaki (A3) 1.6148, Fakri (A4) 1.53. The recommendation from the ANP model analysis is baihaki with a value of 1.6148. while from the borda model the total values are A1:355, A2:355, A3:212, A4:381 A5:254, A6:209, with a weight value of 0.201, A2 weight: 0.201, A3 weight 0.120, A4 weight 0.216, A5 weight 0.144 and the weight of A6 0.118. The conclusion from the research results gives priority to the community for the highest value in obtaining housing assistance. this study which received priority baihaki with a value of 1.6148 for the results of the ANP model and the results of the value of the model group was A3 with a value of 0.272.

To Whom Do Housing Policies Provide Stable Housing? Examining Housing Assistance Recipients and Leavers

By analyzing the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data combined with the Assisted Housing Database, this study explores the associations between the five statuses related to receiving or leaving from a certain type of housing assistance and the subsequent housing instability experience. These statuses include households that (1) reside in a public or project-based subsidized housing (PH) unit, (2) leave a PH unit, (3) receive a Housing Choice Voucher (HCV), (4) withdraw from the HCV program, and (5) are unsubsidized but income-eligible to receive housing assistance. The results reveal that, although all subsidized households tend to experience less housing instability than do income-eligible, unsubsidized households, HCV recipients are relatively more likely to experience housing instability than are PH residents. In addition, the likelihood of experiencing housing instability among PH and HCV leavers does not differ significantly from the likelihood among the unsubsidized households, suggesting that they may leave their programs prematurely.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE FUZY-SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTNG (F-SAW) UNTUK SISTEM PENERIMA BANTUAN RUMAH DI KECAMATAN AMARASI KABUPATEN KUPANG

Penerima bantuan rumah untuk warga yang kurang mampu merupakan program bantuan pemerintah yang memiliki anggaran yang terbatas sehingga tidak semua masyarakat menerima bantuan rumah. Penentuan kriteria penerima bantuan rumah dapat dilihat dari 13 kriteria yaitu umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, kepemilikan tanah, kepemilkan rumah, jumlah pengghuni, kondisi atap, kondisi dinding, kondisi lantai, kepemilikan kamar mandi, sumber air, sumber listrik. Untuk mendapatkan penerima yang layak diperlukan sebuah Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) agar mempermudah pihak pemerintah dalam memberikan bantuan rumah untuk warga yang kurang mampu. Metode Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (F-SAW) merupakan salah satu metode dalam SPK yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan masalah tidak terstruktur serta dapat mengakomodir kekurangan metode SAW dalam penilaian yang bersifat linguistik dan numerik. Pengujian sistem yang dilakukan menggunakan pengujian sensitivitas yaitu dengan merubah nilai bobot masing-masing kriteria secara bertahap. Dari pengujian sensitifitas diatas yang telah dilakukan, kriteria pendidikan paling sensitif karena saat dilakukan pengujian sebanyak tiga kali dari bobot tinggi diubah menjadi sanggat tinggi mengalami 1 kali perubahan, rendah mengalami 4 kali perubahan dan sangat rendah mengalami 4 kali perubahan, dengan perubahan tersebut didapatkan hasil presentasi 90 % untuk kriteria pendidikan. Dari hasil perbandingan yang telah dilakukan antara Dinas Sosial dan sistem, kuota data yang layak untuk menerima bantuan rumah sebanyak 30 data dari Dinas Sosial menunjukan bahwa total kuota data tersebut 20 yang sama dengan sistem dan 10 data tidak sama dengan sistem.

Using the Family Self‐Sufficiency Program to Help Families with Housing Assistance Improve Earnings, Credit Score, and Debt Levels: A Quasi‐Experimental Analysis

HUD's Family Self‐Sufficiency (FSS) program aims to help housing assistance recipients increase their earnings and build savings to make progress toward economic security. This study examines an asset‐building nonprofit's innovative financial coaching‐based approach to FSS that adds an additional focus on helping clients build assets and financial capability. We use a quasi‐experimental approach to estimate the program's impact on earnings and cash assistance receipt and analyze credit and debt outcomes against a benchmark group. The findings show substantial, significant gains in households' earnings and significant decreases in receipt of some cash benefits. Participants also saw increases in credit score, and success in paying down credit card and derogatory debt. Our results indicate that FSS can be an effective platform for helping participants in subsidized housing make real progress toward economic security and financial health.

Evidence Matters: Summer/Fall 2018

Fifty-seven percent of working-age, nondisabled recipients of housing assistance have earned income over the past year, and most people experiencing homelessness are working or wish to do so. Yet, because of insufficient wages, job churn, dependent care obligations, and other factors, many still are unable to afford housing without assistance. Federal, state, and local efforts to promote self-sufficiency among HUD-assisted households and individuals experiencing homelessness have shown mixed results in earnings and employment outcomes for participants. This issue of Evidence Matters focuses on these efforts and related research that offer insight into promising practices and lessons for improving programs and supports aimed at fostering economic independence among HUD-assisted households.

Shared home ownership by people with disability

This study investigated the most appropriate and beneficial shared home ownership models for people with disability. While shared ownership brings potential benefits such as can enhancing housing choice, security of tenure and sense of ownership, it can expose people to debt risks. Capital investment by people with disability into shared ownership may also reduce the overall cost of housing assistance required by government to overcome the supply gap.

Housing Assistance and Housing Insecurity: A Study of Renters in Southeastern Michigan in the Wake of the Great Recession.

This article examines the factors shaping longitudinal patterns of housing insecurity in the wake of the Great Recession, with a focus on whether housing assistance helped renters who received it. We use data from the first two waves (2009-10 and 2011) of the Michigan Recession and Recovery Study, a population-representative sample of working-aged adults from Southeast Michigan. We use detailed reports from renters and other non-homeowners to construct measures of instability and cost-related housing problems at both waves, and we compare the changes in these over follow-up between housing assistance recipients and their income-eligible but non-recipient counterparts. Our findings suggest that receiving housing assistance reduced the chance of experiencing housing insecurity problems over follow-up regardless of baseline housing insecurity.

Addicted to Government? The Impact of Housing Assistance on Program Participation of Welfare Recipients

This research addresses the question of whether housing assistance provided a perverse incentive for welfare recipients to remain on the rolls following the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996. Merging the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) with HUD's administrative records provides a unique opportunity to test whether recipients of housing assistance were more likely to stay on the welfare program four years after the enactment of PRWORA. This dataset contains a nationally representative sample of welfare recipients. Quarterly data, including sources of income, were obtained from these families of welfare recipients for four years. Results indicate that in an era of plunging welfare rolls, receipt of housing assistance did not account for those who remained on Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). These data show that housing assistance was not a perverse incentive to remain on welfare in the aftermath of the welfare reform of 1996. Instead, those who failed to exit the rolls four years after TANF was enacted had high obligations to children, lacked prior participation in the labor force, and lacked access to an automobile.

Using Linked Survey and Administrative Data to Better Measure Income: Implications for Poverty, Program Effectiveness and Holes in the Safety Net

We examine the consequences of underreporting of transfer programs in household survey data for several prototypical analyses of low-income populations. We focus on the Current Population Survey (CPS), the source of official poverty and inequality statistics, but provide evidence that our qualitative conclusions are likely to apply to other surveys. We link administrative data for food stamps, TANF, General Assistance, and subsidized housing from New York State to the CPS at the individual level. Program receipt in the CPS is missed for over one-third of housing assistance recipients, 40 percent of food stamp recipients, and 60 percent of TANF and General Assistance recipients. Dollars of benefits are also undercounted for reporting recipients, particularly for TANF, General Assistance and housing assistance. We find that the survey data sharply understate the income of poor households, as conjectured in past work by one of the authors. Underreporting in the survey data also greatly understates the effects of anti-poverty programs and changes our understanding of program targeting, often making it seem that welfare programs are less targeted to both the very poorest and middle income households than they are. Using the combined data rather than survey data alone, the poverty reducing effect of all programs together is nearly doubled while the effect of housing assistance is tripled. We also re-examine the coverage of the safety net, specifically the share of people without work or program receipt. Using the administrative measures of program receipt rather than the survey ones often reduces the share of single mothers falling through the safety net by one-half or more.

Housing Assistance

In Australia, an increasing number of households face problems of access to suitable housing in the private market. In response, the Federal and State Governments share responsibility for providing housing assistance to these, mainly low-income, households. A broad range of policy instruments are used to provide and maintain housing assistance across all housing tenures, for example, assisting entry into homeownership, providing affordability assistance in the private rental market, and the provision of socially owned and managed housing options. Underlying each of these interventions is the premise that secure, affordable, and appropriate housing provides not only shelter but also a number of nonshelter benefits to individuals and their households. Although the nonshelter outcomes of housing are well acknowledged in Australia, the understanding of the nonshelter outcomes of housing assistance is less clear. This paper explores nonshelter outcomes of three of the major forms of housing assistance provided by Australian governments—low-income mortgage assistance, social housing, and private rent assistance. It is based upon analysis of a survey of 1,353 low-income recipients of housing assistance, and specifically measures the formulation of health and well-being, financial stress, and housing satisfaction outcomes across these three assistance types. We find clear evidence that health, finance, and housing satisfaction outcomes are associated with quite different factors for individuals in these three major housing assistance types.

Governing Through Locational Choice: the Locational Preferences of Rural Public Housing Tenants in South‐Western New South Wales, Australia

The state provision of housing assistance often fulfils goals in addition to that of providing citizens with affordable shelter. With a broad shift to advanced liberal governmental strategies, both housing and regional development policies construct governmental strategies that promote locationally flexible responses as appropriate means of adjustment to regional change and locational disadvantage. Using a survey and interviews conducted with public housing tenants from four towns in south‐western rural New South Wales, this paper builds on the governmentality literature in housing studies that has emerged over the last five years and explores the potential locational preferences of housing assistance recipients. In particular it investigates whether rural public housing tenants were likely to become more mobile/locationally flexible with greater locational choice and to analyse how “economically rational” these locational preferences would be. The paper finds that while a majority of tenants indicated a preparedness to become locationally flexible, these preferences were not influenced predominantly by economically rational factors. Likewise, at a regional scale, a majority of tenants indicated a preference for rural areas, with their discourses exhibiting country‐minded attitudes and a strong attachment to place. The paper concludes with the reflection that the use of “choice” as a technology of government is unlikely to produce the economically rational, locationally flexible responses that policymakers pursue as a means of addressing regional disadvantage. Instead, such governmental processes are likely to be hindered by other non‐economic factors that remain as strong influences in how individuals come to their locational preferences.

Recipients of housing assistance under welfare reform: Trends in employment and welfare participation

Between 1994 and 2001, the employment of low‐skilled single mothers increased dramatically and the welfare rolls shrank. Did these gains extend to single mothers who received federal housing assistance? This question is important because these women constitute a large, highly disadvantaged group and because housing assistance may work at cross‐purposes to welfare reform by fostering dependency on public support. The prospect of deep cuts in housing programs adds to the timeliness of this research. We find that employment increased as much for single mothers who received housing assistance as for those who did not. Although welfare participation appears to have declined somewhat less for single mothers getting housing assistance, this may be due to inadequate data. Demographic differences do not appear to matter. Gains from increased employment more than offset welfare losses, for an estimated annual net savings of approximately $265 million in government outlays for housing subsidies in 2001.

The impacts of welfare reform on recipients of housing assistance

This article uses data from randomized evaluations in Indiana and Delaware to address three questions: (1) Are welfare recipients who receive federal housing assistance less employable than recipients who do not? (2) How does the impact of welfare reform compare for families with and without housing assistance? (3) Does welfare reform increase or decrease the use of such assistance? Although public housing residents may be more disadvantaged than welfare recipients who do not get housing assistance, voucher users and Section 8 project‐based recipients were not. Welfare reform had similar impacts on the earnings and welfare benefits of families that received housing assistance and those that did not. Where impacts did differ, they were larger for families receiving assistance. Welfare reform also reduced the receipt of housing assistance. Families that receive assistance appear to have less financial strain than families that do not, suggesting that assistance may increase overall financial stability.

The interactive effects of housing assistance and food stamps on food spending

Few studies have examined how housing assistance affects recipients’ well-being and none has examined how participation in other public assistance programs alters these effects. Yet there is considerable overlap between programs and measuring how different program combinations differentially affect well-being is critical to evaluating them. This paper uses a unique dataset, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with housing assistance recipients identified through address-matches, to take an initial, very exploratory look at whether housing assistance differentially affects one marker of well-being, food expenditures, for food stamp recipients versus non-recipients. The numerous theoretical and empirical challenges confronting such research are discussed and a novel approach for addressing these challenges is developed.

Removing the spatial bias from state housing provision in Australian cities

There are four sections to the paper. The first sets out to attribute the overconcentration of public housing in the outermost suburbs to a range of Commonwealth and state measures which acted to foster, and then perpetuate, the provision of public housing at the edge of major Australian cities throughout the 1950s and 1960s. The second section briefly indicates how this poorly located public housing redistributes real income away from its occupants, and leads to spatial discrimination amongst the recipients of housing assistance. Next, the revision of state housing policy undertaken during the 1970s in Australia and the corresponding shift in the South Australian Housing Trust's objectives is described. The final section explores the ways in which welfare housing provision is being obstructed by the perverse nature of structural change and state intervention.