Housing Programs Research Articles

Changes in healthcare costs and utilization for Medicaid recipients who received supportive housing through a payer-community-based housing partnership.

To evaluate healthcare cost and utilization changes among Medicaid and dually eligible participants of a supportive housing program implemented by a managed care organization and community-based organization. Healthcare claims were reviewed retrospectively for 80 program participants in one urban Pennsylvania county between 1/1/2018 and 9/28/2023 who had ≥6 months of claims data in both pre- and post-housing periods. Eligibility included age >18 years, Medicaid/Special Needs Plan enrollment, and housing need. Due to limited housing units, potential participants were prioritized by medical need and history of unplanned care. Healthcare cost and utilization were compared during pre- (i.e., 12 months before housing initiation) and post-periods (i.e., 12 months after housing initiation). Compared to the pre-period, significantly lower medical (-40.4%, p = 0.004), emergency department (-62.7%, p = 0.02), and total (-33.3%, p = 0.02) costs of care were observed in the post-period. Significantly lower primary care (-50.0%, p = 0.0003), specialist (-31.3%, p = 0.02), and emergency department (-50.0%, p = 0.03) utilization were also observed. Healthcare cost and utilization among medically complex individuals were lower with supportive housing. Future evaluations with randomized designs can address the potential causal impact of supportive housing as a healthcare intervention on specific outcomes.

Room for Change: Rural Low-Barrier Housing Policy and Program Models for People with Substance Use and Mental Health Comorbidities

Rural North American communities experience disproportionate burdens of housing instability and toxic drug poisonings. These regions face complex intersections of homelessness, substance use, and mental health issues, and innovative strategies are required to effectively address these crises. In British Columbia, Canada, new funding opportunities to address rural homelessness for complex populations have come after a lag in available resources. Complex Care Housing is a model aimed at filling gaps in the current housing and care continuum for people with mental health and substance use challenges. Due to rural-specific social characteristics, new housing models require ongoing evaluation to ensure programs meet the quality and fidelity of gold standard Housing First programs that upload the tenets of harm reduction and person-centeredness.

Real Estate Inflation and Housing Finance in India : Mapping the Correlation between Raising Property Prices & Increasing Home Loans among Indian Cities

Focusing specifically on India — a country that has recently faced recessions partially due to housing bubbles, like many other nations around the world — this research explores in depth how development of real estate linked financing sector have fuelled mortgage led asset price inflation across different cities (both metros & Tier II/III) over decades. Drawing upon a variety of market statistics, policy and economic indicators, the research identifies strong relationships between housing loan availability — by way of loosening mortgage regulations — and property price growth. The study shows that metropolitan cities have witnessed growth in housing loans at a CAGR of 10-12% over last decade (2010–2020) resulting into similar annual price appreciation for real estate standing between 010-15%. Tier II and III cities alternatively, exhibited slower but more stable growth trends in property prices of 6-8% driven by government push & infrastructure developments. The research emphasizes how this relationship has been altered by a number of variables, including as urbanization, demographic changes, government housing programs, and regulatory reforms like RERA and GST. The results imply that although housing financing has played a significant part in promoting the expansion of the real estate market, the influence varies greatly depending on local market dynamics, infrastructural development, and the state of the local economy.

Effectiveness Of Article 42 Sentence (1) Uu No. 6 Of 2023 On The Creation Of Work Regarding The Implementation Of The Basis Of Legal Certainty In The Mortgage Agreement By The Banks With The Act Of Binding Agreement Of Sale And Purchase

PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk (Bank BTN) is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) which operates in the banking sector, committed to being a bank that serves and supports housing sector financing. The mission carried out by Bank BTN is to actively support the government in advancing the welfare of the Indonesian people through home ownership and realizing the life that millions of Indonesians dream of through providing decent homes. One type of credit that is still in demand and needed by the public is KPR (Home Ownership Credit). Bank BTN as a bank that focuses on housing financing certainly fully supports the One Million Houses Program launched by the government. It is proven that currently Bank BTN is a bank with market share The largest Home Ownership Credit (KPR) in Indonesia. In order to improve and optimize services to the community with the development of the KPR business and support Bank operations both in terms of business processes and maintaining document quality, there are conditions where it is not possible to make a Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) so that a temporary binding agreement is needed, namely a Sale and Purchase Agreement ( PPJB). This research aims to determine the implementation of KPR agreements by Bank BTN with sale and purchase binding deeds (PPJB) according to Article 42 paragraph (1) of Law no. 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation at Bank BTN Kediri. This type of research is empirical juridical legal research and the specifications in this research are descriptive. The source and type of data in this research is primary data obtained from field studies in the form of interviews with Bank BTN Kediri employees. And secondary data was obtained from literature studies related to the theory of legal certainty. The results of this research are that the implementation of the KPR agreement by Bank BTN with the PPJB deed based on Article 42 paragraph (1) of the Job Creation Law does not fully meet the requirements stipulated in Article 42 paragraph (2) of the Job Creation Law.

Understanding the Population of People Experiencing Homelessness in Cape Town and their Service Use

Cape Town, South Africa, has an estimated 14,357 people living on the street or in temporary shelters. Current responses to homelessness are either punitive—focusing on law enforcement and displacement—or compassionate, offering basic relief like food or handouts. Neither approach is effectively addressing the root causes of homelessness, and the number of homeless individuals continues to rise. This paper advocates for a developmental approach that provides structured support to help people exit homelessness. There is limited knowledge about the causes of homelessness in South Africa, the services utilized by those affected, and the kind of support needed for sustainable solutions. To address this gap, a survey of 350 homeless individuals in Cape Town was conducted, gathering data on demographics, service use, income sources, health, substance use, and interactions with legal systems. The results reveal that the average duration of homelessness is 8.6 years, with over 70% of respondents experiencing homelessness for more than a year. The main causes of homelessness were identified as structural issues such as lack of income, housing access, and loss of family support. Only 11% of participants were in temporary shelters, and their average daily income was around R78 (about $4 USD). Substance use disorders were prevalent, affecting 63% of respondents, while 54% reported being arrested at least once during their experiencing homelessness. Most had not accessed developmental services, highlighting a critical gap in support. If the current approach persists, homelessness will worsen, with more individuals becoming entrenched in chronic homelessness. A shift towards a developmental approach is urgently needed, focusing on personalized support, affordable housing, rehabilitation, psychosocial services, and employment programs to facilitate a meaningful exit from homelessness.

Back and Forth from Urban Renewal: The Spatial Parameters of Affordable Housing in Two Cities

This study examines the impact of spatial parameters on urban well-being by comparing the urban design and housing policies of Roosevelt Island in New York City and Bat Yam in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, Israel. Despite their distinct political and cultural contexts, these cities exhibit similar urban design approaches that integrate physical well-being parameters—such as density, building height, open spaces, and walkability—alongside social well-being parameters including age distribution, income levels, and ethnic diversity. The research traces the evolution of affordable housing through various historical phases, including Urban Renewal, Community Development, and Neoliberal Urbanism, and explores how different residential ownership structures have influenced demographic shifts, gentrification, and neighborhood transformation over the past decades. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines historical analysis with spatial and demographic data, this study highlights the contrasting impacts of Roosevelt Island’s affordable housing program and Bat Yam’s state-led urban renewal policies. The results illustrate how distinct housing models affect community resilience, social stability, and overall urban well-being. By uncovering parallel narratives and extracting valuable insights, this analysis offers lessons for other cities navigating similar market-led pressures and policy shifts. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between spatial design, housing policies, and ownership structures in shaping the long-term sustainability and quality of life in urban neighborhoods.

The Challenge of Energy Efficiency in Social Housing: An Evaluation of Envelope's Improvements and their Economic Effects

Objective: This study aims to propose a combination of modifications to the envelope of a Social Housing (SH) project and evaluate their impacts on thermal load reduction and cost increase, staying within the budgetary constraints. Theoretical Framework: The Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) prioritizes architectural solutions focused on large-scale production and reduced unit costs, at the expense of environmental comfort and energy efficiency. However, efforts to raise the standards of habitability and quality of life are evident in the new 2023 program version and its regulations for new projects. Method: This case study assesses the envelope classification of an SH project applied to 20 sets of construction modifications and 4 deployment orientations, using the Inmetro Normative Instruction for Building Energy Efficiency (INI-R). Thermal load reduction and cost increment analysis will be performed. Results and Discussion: For each deployment orientation, the modifications that resulted in the greatest reduction in thermal load. This reduction ranged between 20% and 26.5% for the four orientations, with an additional cost ranging from 6% to 16%. Research Implications: Energy efficiency measures, even if they entail higher costs, may provide economic benefits during the operation and maintenance phases of the properties within PMCMV standards. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the dissemination of the simplified method of INI-R for envelope analysis in buildings and may influence improvements in public policies related to environmental quality in housing programs.

Influence of External Stakeholder Involvement and Risk Perception on Affordable Housing: A Survey on the Implementation of Affordable Housing Project in Anderson-Ofafa Estate, Kisumu City (Kenya)

The significance of stakeholder involvement and risk forecasting in project management has been documented in literature and in studies all over the World. One such study was carried out in Anderson-Ofafa estate, Kisumu City. The main goal of the study was to assess the influence of external stakeholder involvement and risk perception on the implementation of the project. The stakeholders showed resistance to the housing project.The study aimed to establish the risks the project is exposed to based on stakeholder attitude and their influence on project performance, and whether the stakeholders were involved so as to provide solutions to problems bedeviling the project and to generate new knowledge. A survey of general respondents/ intelligent laypersons of age 18 years and above totaling 384 and key informants numbering 16 proportionately sampled from a population of 174,145 people found out that there was a significant correlation between stakeholder involvement, risk perception and project performance. In addition, the study established the occurrence of socio-political,regulatory and financial risk factors which had a perceived high influence of 50% and above, moderate influence of 39% and a very high influence of above 50% respectively.Updated risk register had a perceived high influence of 50% and above. Socio-political risk factors significantly influenced the project performance as was hypothesized by the alternative hypothesis of this study.Financial risk factors had the greatest impact.The stakeholders were involved in the project but were still not satisfied with its implementation.The results are expected to assist the project stakeholders align their goals with that of the project to foster sustainability.The practical or managerial implications is explained as follows- there are documented potential consequences and outcomes of stakeholder actions that have contributed to risk factors that will have extended effect on all stakeholders; including project beneficiaries, project providers, project influencers, and the project governance team. Interventions recommended include; Project sponsors to focus on strategies that manages risk perception and returns expectations, Project manager to reduce project scope, public sector to put measures that guarantee stability in laws and regulations and, the project should be infused into the new affordable housing program by the Kenya Kwanza government to benefit from the new government initiated housing levy fund.

Retaining HUD-VASH housing: differences in housing exits among unsheltered and sheltered veterans

ABSTRACT Introduction: Permanent supportive housing programs, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veteran Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH), are a highly important intervention to address homelessness among Veterans. Unsheltered Veterans are a priority population for HUD-VASH because this group is especially vulnerable and may face higher risk of exit from HUD-VASH. Method: We developed a 6-year retrospective (2012–2018) longitudinal cohort to compare whether previously unsheltered Veterans had a greater risk of exit from HUD-VASH housing compared to previously sheltered Veterans. Result: Veterans experiencing unsheltered homelessness had a significantly higher risk of exiting HUD-VASH housing (HR 1.1; 1.1–1.2) than sheltered Veterans. Conclusion: Veterans experiencing unsheltered homelessness had higher risk of exiting HUD-VASH housing. These findings may have implications for unsheltered non-Veterans, and people experiencing unsheltered homelessness may benefit from a tailored approach to supportive services to prevent housing exits.

Towards a Prosperous Indonesia: Building the Local Economy Through Food Estates in Sukodono, Gresik

Indonesia has a food estate program which is a program initiated to make Indonesia developed. Food estate program under the auspices of the government which aims to increase national food security. One of the food estate programs is established in Sukodono Village, because it has the potential to develop the local economy of the community. The aim of this qualitative research is to find out how the food estate program in Sukodono Village is run and how it impacts the community. This research uses a literature study approach which focuses on the data collection process through interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. The research results show that the Sukodono Village food estate program has made progress, but also has problems. Problems with the government, human resources (HR) which are still not fully supported, and problems with the distribution of agricultural products. The condition of other food estates is considered progress due to synchronization with the village green house program to improve economic welfare

And for a few more decibels

Sound diffusion in cinemas is nowadays subject to a bidding war in the low-frequency range. Through various projects and recent experiences, we offer an overview of this evolution, its effects and the solutions found to reconcile often antagonistic uses. In particular, we will present the integration of a city cinema, one room of which is equipped with a Dolby ATMOS system, into a housing program. We will also look at the specific features of the recent Dolby Cinema system in terms of low-frequency sound diffusion and its impact on the cinema itself and its surroundings, through a recent installation of such a system.

Healthy Village House Program Outcomes in Panggreh Village, Jabon District

Background: This research explores the implementation of the Healthy Village Program, emphasizing local health initiatives' role in public health. Specific Background: It examines communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structures within a particular village context. Knowledge Gap: There is limited analysis of these programs' effectiveness and community engagement in rural areas. Aims: The study aims to assess the program's impact on maternal and child health and its role in reducing stunting risks. Results: Findings reveal significant improvements in community health practices and increased resident participation. Novelty: This research provides new empirical evidence on the effectiveness of local health programs and their bureaucratic structures. Implications: It highlights the necessity for organized bureaucratic frameworks to sustain health initiatives and improve villagers' quality of life, supporting Edward III's theory on policy implementation and bureaucratic structures. Highlights : Local health initiatives enhance community participation in health maintenance. Effective bureaucratic structures are essential for sustaining health programs. The study provides empirical evidence on the impact of rural health interventions. Keywords: Healthy Village Program, maternal health, community engagement, stunting reduction, bureaucratic structure

Collaborative Governance in the Restorative Justice House Program

Collaborative Governance in the Restorative Justice House Program

THE URBAN EVOLUTION OUAD EL HAD: FROM A MINOR URBAN EXTENSION TO AN INFAMOUS AND ILLICIT NEIGHBORHOOD

Informal housing represents a complex phenomenon with far-reaching implications for urban development and social equity, it is characterized by its spontaneous and unauthorized nature, it has emerged as a significant phenomenon in urban areas worldwide and usually arises a multitude of socio-economic challenges such as rapid urbanization, poverty, and as in our case, rural migration, Therefore, understanding the spatial evolution of informal settlements is crucial for designing more equitable and sustainable living environments. That was the case of “Ouad El Had”, a neighborhood that may be considered as one of the focal points in metropolis of Constantine, informal housing started as an extension, an illicit urbanization due to rural-to-urban migration led to the perpetuation of informal settlements on what was in that time the outskirts of city, Nowadays, housing shortages caused the proliferation of informal settlements, those settlements presented a chance to obtain a house in the social housing program given by the government leading it to get repopulated every time and after several attempts to evacuate the entire zone starting from 2012 to this actual day. Our paper offers an in-depth analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution to the informal housing situated in the neighborhood “Cité des Fréres Abbas” (Ouad El Had) and its evolution within urban and social contexts with the objective of understanding the complex case of this neighborhood that led to its repopulation after every evacuation or displacement and identifying the urban model generated of during this process.

“Give me the reigns of taking care of myself with a home”: Healing environments in an Indigenous-led alcohol harm reduction program

BackgroundDistinct from western Managed Alcohol Programs (MAPs), Indigenous-led alcohol harm reduction programs can be defined by both ‘culture as healing’ and decolonized harm reduction philosophies. We sought to explore experiences of Indigenous ‘family members’ (participants) in an Indigenous-led alcohol harm reduction program and culturally supportive housing to identify appropriate supports according to family member perspectives, and to inform delivery of the program.MethodsSituated within an Indigenous-western research partnership, we completed semi-structured interviews with seven family members of an Indigenous-led alcohol harm reduction and culturally supportive housing program. Community-guided protocols informed relational knowledge gathering practices including semi-structured in-depth interviews, qualitative thematic analysis, collaborative interpretation of findings, and development of knowledge products.ResultsFamily members highlighted the importance of tailored Indigenous-led alcohol harm reduction in shifting their relationships to alcohol from survival to having choice and control of their drinking (It’s a choice I’m making right now). The provision of varied and incremental culture-based opportunities (Multiple pathways for connecting to culture) facilitated engagement with culture as healing. Policies that honour respect and autonomy were identified as supportive to healing and harm reduction, countering family members’ experiences in western spaces (Give me the reigns of taking care of myself with a home).ConclusionsAn Indigenous-led alcohol harm reduction program within a model of culture as healing facilitated shifts in relationships to alcohol, providing a space where family members could explore long term goals of healing and connection to culture. Family members’ experiences and recommendations offer key considerations for the design of Indigenous-led harm reduction and culture as healing models. Recommendations emphasize the provision of tailored alcohol harm reduction plans in parallel to multiple and accessible opportunities for connection to culture as healing in order to meet diverse participant goals and relationships to alcohol and culture.

Artifacts of Empathy: Cultivating, Identifying, and Assessing Students’ Development and Written Articulations of Empathy in a Community Engagement Course

This research recounts a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) project aimed at facilitating students’ empathic development while also offering ways to identify and assess students’ written expressions of empathy. I ground this work in an exploration of the many processes labelled as empathy and the reasons for including empathy as a course learning outcome. While participating in the Lighted School House program, I explored using progressive, or stacked, writing reflections to help students build, recognize, and articulate their own empathy. I conducted a close reading of final reflection papers in two offerings of a second-year community engagement course (in 2017 and 2019) in which students worked with an afterschool program in local elementary and middle schools. This enabled me to identify features of student writing—the evidence or “artifacts”— that illustrated their understanding of empathy, others’ perspectives, and positionality. To assess the depth and complexity with which students articulated their empathy, I devised a scale to identify these written expressions as novice, intermediate, or advanced. The analysis showed the importance of using an “imagine-other” perspective rather than merely imagining oneself in another’s situation, valuing others to inspire empathic action, and using conversation as a powerful tool for developing empathy. The project points to pedagogical practices that encourage students to employ effective conversation and listening skills in community engagement. This research suggests ways to help students better express their empathy by revising prompts and rubrics to clarify the particular empathic processes targeted and to foster strong writing skills.

Optimization of Embodied Energy and Construction Cost of Low-Income Housing in Urban India

India is the most populous country in the world, having a population of 1.42 billion in 2022. It is urbanizing rapidly, with the present urbanization level at about 35%, which is expected to reach about 40% by 2030. There was an estimated demand of 11.22 million homes in urban India in 2017, of which 95% was in the affordable housing sector. This demand is expected to increase with the current urbanization trends. The Indian government is promoting the construction of millions of affordable houses under its ambitious Prime Minister’s Housing Program. These houses are planned, designed, and constructed using local materials and techniques, considering local climatic, geological, hazard, and socio-economic conditions. We examined the 30 most commonly applied housing typologies to determine which typologies and materials have minimum embodied energy and construction costs. The results indicate that load-bearing housing construction of up to three stories, with a plinth–carpet area ratio of 1.31, constructed with any of the blocks-based masonry techniques, has the lowest embodied energy and construction cost, and houses with a plinth–carpet area ratio of 1.51 have the highest. Further, houses constructed with Hollow CC block masonry have the lowest embodied energy, and HF Fly Ash block-based masonry has the lowest construction cost.

Enhancing Regulatory Compliance to Prevent Errors: Insights from Federal Housing Program Implementation

Purpose: Regulatory compliance is a vital part of governance, ensuring that programs across various sectors are implemented effectively and without errors. This study focuses on the Virginia Beach Housing & Neighborhood Preservation department, examining how it managed the CARES Act and HUD ARPA legislation, two significant federal regulations introduced during challenging times. The integration of these laws into existing local policies presented a range of difficulties, including conflicts, misinterpretations, and delays. This research analyzes those challenges and offers strategies to streamline compliance in future situations. Methodology: To better understand the regulatory hurdles, this study employed a thorough document analysis and compared housing sector compliance issues with those faced in healthcare. Both sectors deal with strict regulations, and non-compliance can have serious consequences. In healthcare, for instance, lapses in compliance can endanger patient safety, while in housing, they can lead to administrative inefficiencies and misuse of resources. By drawing this comparison, the study highlights the broader implications of effective compliance systems across different sectors. Findings: The findings show that regulatory compliance not only helps reduce errors but also enhances overall program performance. The challenges faced by the Virginia Beach Housing & Neighborhood Preservation department serve as an example of the obstacles organizations encounter when implementing new regulations. The solutions proposed in this study offer a clear path for improving compliance systems and reducing operational disruptions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Ultimately, this study emphasizes the importance of robust compliance frameworks in ensuring efficient program execution. It argues that proper management of compliance not only mitigates risks but also contributes to better outcomes across various sectors. By offering practical strategies for overcoming compliance challenges, this research adds valuable insights to the field and supports the ongoing development of effective regulatory practices that benefit both organizations and the communities they serve.

Optimalisasi Penggunaan Human Resource Information System (HRIS) pada Human Capital Administration of The Foundation

The Foundation is a non-profit organization that focuses on education and empowerment of women in micro-enterprises (MSMEs). The Foundation has several community activity programs such as scholarship programs, batik learning houses, learning house programs for underprivileged community groups, etc. Community Service Activities carried out by STIE Trisakti at The Foundation aim to help organizations improve the accuracy and completeness of data on the HRIS (Human Resource Information System) used by The Foundation so that the process of managing Human Resource (HR) management activities becomes more efficient and appropriate. The STIE Trisakti Community Service Team together with The Foundation team carry out activities to apply management science, especially human resource management, to optimize the use of HRIS as a solution for managing organizational HR by updating employee data through the process of collecting the latest employee data and filling out employee data update forms continuously. The use of HRIS in routine activities is the responsibility of the HC administration unit so that the available data is accurate and can minimize errors that generally occur in the process of organizational HR management activities. Accurate employee data information is an important part of the HR management process to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in achieving success goals.

Navigating the Housing Bureaucracy in Late Soviet Moscow: A Housing Order as a Document of Socialist Desire

Many scholars have drawn attention to the large housing programme at play in the late Soviet period. However, this programme did not solve the housing shortage, and the housing order (zhilishchnyi order) remained an object of desire for Soviet citizens. This document was an official guarantee of accommodation in the USSR, where there was no housing market. Based on archival sources and interviews, this article focuses on the history of the housing order and people’s strategies for obtaining it. It reveals the specifics of the public housing delivery system and the means through which ordinary Soviet citizens navigated its bureaucracy.