Household Waste Research Articles

Evaluating The Pertamina’s Waste Bank Program Using Social Return on Investment in Koja District, North Jakarta

The findings of this study are expected to serve as an objective benchmark for determining the level of social acceptance of PT Pertamina Lubricants Production Unit Jakarta (PUJ). Moreover, this study report presents the results of calculating the impact value and SROI of the program. This program aims to improve the welfare of society and the environment in Tugu Selatan Village, Koja District, North Jakarta, through the Berkah Waste Bank program. Based on the results of the SROI study, the Berkah Waste Bank program has proven to produce more significant benefits than the costs invested in activities such as planning for the development of the Berkah Waste Bank, environmental awareness training, distribution of assistance for facilities and infrastructure, mentoring and monitoring & evaluation (Monev) of the Waste Bank socialization program, management of drum and Non-B3 waste, training and development of social media and E-Commerce, initiation of waste programs oil change, garbage pick-up service, renovation of the Garbage Bank Shelter, inauguration of the Oil Exchange Garbage Workshop, program to strengthen marketing and administration of the Garbage Bank. These programs have proven to help increase communities’ capacity to manage inorganic and organic waste from industrial and household waste. Through a series of activities such as training, mentorship, and assistance, these programs aim to increase community awareness and participation in waste management and empower them by improving skills to support the local economy.

Producing and Using Organic NPK Fertilizer From Agricultural and Household Waste by a Farmer Group in Sleman, Yogyakarta

Producing and Using Organic NPK Fertilizer From Agricultural and Household Waste by a Farmer Group in Sleman, Yogyakarta

Villages Owned Enterprise Provide Solutions to Leader's Addictionability of Energy Crisis

The Energy Crisis will soon confront at the beginning of the 21st Century and now is the transition period from Fossil Energy to New and Renewable Energy. This century has again seen a transportation revolution as at the beginning of the industrial revolution, everywhere humans are competing to manufacture propulsion sources derived from Solar Cells, Hydrogen Water, Wind Power, Tidal Wave Movement, Geothermal Energy and Synthetic Coal from Botanicals, so that a shift in Fossil Energy is slowly disappearing from the earth's surface. This research was conducted at Village-Owned Enterprises and is expected to be able to provide solutions in the Energy Transition, the Government's Commitment, which is supported by the influence of the Energy Crisis Policy in Indonesia. Energy Crisis Independence Indonesia has 3.6 billion barrels with a constant average of 800,000 barrels per day as future energy reserves, while these reserves will most likely no longer be able to be produced to meet needs in the next 12 years. This imbalance requires the performance policy, competence and commitment of government leaders to create the role of the private sector from rural to urban areas in bonds and EBT shares on stock exchanges by villages enterprise with a level of security and assurance as well as green energy with household waste as a raw material for Home-trash to Green-tech New-energy (MHGNe) Manufacturing technology which is the only closest alternative currently on earth.

Nghiên cứu nhiệt phân nhựa tái chế từ rác sinh hoạt để sản xuất nhiên liêu

Waste plastic originates from different sources. Currently, plastic mixed with solid municipal waste is separated for recycling and incineration. Waste plastic is derived from crude oil and can be converted into fuel by pyrolysis. This study conducted experiments on pyrolysis of plastic at 500oC, which was separated from household waste, and evaluated the properties of pyrolysis oil. Using FCC waste catalyst to improve the clouding point of pyrolysis oil products has been measured and discussed. Based on an experimental data, a process for plastic pyrolysis combination with vapor cracking unit is proposed and adapted to the infranstructure of a waste treatment plant in Central Vietnam

탄소중립을 위한 순환자원 활용 시설재료의 성능분석

As the climate crisis and global environmental problems intensify, policies and technologies for reducing greenhouse gas in industry and life are being emphasized, and the development of eco-friendly synthetic materials with low environmental load while reinforcing the performance of natural materials with building or facility materials is becoming a useful strategy for industrialization of greenhouse gas reduction as well as technical aspects. This study was conducted to present basic data for using coffee ground, a circulating resource, as a material for synthetic wood. The possibility of using the leftover coffee grounds as an alternative facility to reduce the environmental load such as carbon emissions was confirmed by producing it as a synthetic deck material through a drying processing process. It was classified into Type I (50% coffee grounds), Type II (20% coffee grounds), and a control, and the quality suitability and performance with KS standards were verified when the content rates of coffee grounds and wood were different. Compared to KS standards (KSF 3230), the performance of synthetic wood deck materials that recycled coffee grounds satisfied the standards under all three types of experimental conditions, and in particular, it was found to be the best in Type I, which mixed coffee grounds ingredients and wood at a 50% ratio. Coffee grounds, which are circulating resources other than household waste, can be alternatives as sustainable materials with excellent performance that meets quality standards while minimizing environmental pollution or carbon emissions.

Preliminary study of mixing used cooking oil and lemon peel essential oil as an alternative fuel to replace biodiesel

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly renewable bio-energy with many advantages over diesel fuel. The disadvantage of biodiesel is that the price is still relatively expensive so it cannot compete with diesel fuel. This high price is due to the high cost of raw materials and manufacturing process costs. Raw materials such as palm oil, methanol and methyl acetate are expensive, and the transesterification and interesterification processes require long process stages that require a lot of energy supply. The solution to overcome this problem is to use cheap raw materials and a simple manufacturing process. Used cooking oil is household waste that has prospects as a raw material. Another ingredient used is lemon essential oil. Lemon essential oil can be made yourself by extracting lemon peel waste using a boiling or steaming process. The lemon essential oil used is also small, namely a maximum of 5% of the mass of used cooking oil. It is hoped that mixing used cooking oil with lemon essential oil can replace biodiesel. Lemon essential oil is a bio-additive that can improve the quality of used cooking oil to approach the physical properties of biodiesel. With this new process, it is hoped that it can produce fuel that is cheap but of good quality. The aim of the research is to obtain a new fuel to replace biodiesel that is cheaper and more efficient, namely with cheap raw materials and fewer process stages so that it will reduce production costs. The research began with the activation of zeolite as an adsorbent for purifying used cooking oil with variables including zeolite mass of 400 grams, calcination temperature of 300⁰C, activation time of 2 hours and zeolite size > 80 mesh. The second stage of the research was purifying used cooking oil with zeolite using a variable volume of 3 liters of used cooking oil and a purification time of 1 hour. The third stage of the research was mixing purified used cooking oil with lemon essential oil with variable volume of essential oil (3, 4, 5, 6, 7% oil volume) and mixing temperature (30, 40, 50⁰C), mixing time 60 minutes, stirring speed 500 rpm and oil volume 150 mL. After the mixing time and the sample temperature reached room temperature, an analysis of the density, acid number, viscosity and FFA of used cooking oil with bio-additive lemon essential oil was carried out. The analysis results are compared with the biodiesel standard SNI 7182-2015 to see whether the product/sample approaches the physical properties of biodiesel

Eco Enzyme Sebagai Alternatif Pengolahan Limbah Lahan Pertanian dan Rumah Tangga Menjadi Pupuk Organik Bagi Petani di Desa Nian

Problems related to waste have become a hot issue in the community and have received serious attention from policymakers. One practical way to overcome this problem is to manufacture eco-enzyme products whose raw materials use organic waste. Eco enzyme is a fermented process from organic kitchen waste such as fruit and vegetable pulp, sugar, and water until it becomes the final product in liquid fertilizer. This service aims to describe community social activities to overcome waste problems using the eco enzyme concept. The activities carried out were providing counseling related to how to manage household organic waste into eco-enzyme products, introducing and training the use of composter technology to process household organic waste into eco-enzyme products, and motivating and encouraging people to manage household waste into products of economic value. This study uses several methods such as presentation, discussion, question and answer, training, and evaluation handled by lecturers of the Faculty of Agriculture, Timor University. The study results show that people can apply eco enzyme technology, know how to use it, and produce economic value from organic waste.

PERAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM MENGURANGI TINDAKAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA GAMEL

This article examines the important role of environmental education in reducing environmental pollution by society. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental education in changing the behavior of the Gamel Village community towards waste management and pollution. The methodology used was interviews with various members of the Gamel Village community to obtain their views on environmental outreach and education. Interview results show that frequent outreach about the negative impacts of waste and how to handle household waste is considered important by several respondents, although there are still many people who do not fully understand the negative impacts of waste and therefore still throw rubbish carelessly. One proposed approach is the use of organic materials to create more environmentally friendly waste. Several respondents noted that people who receive environmental education and information show higher levels of awareness about plastic pollution and tend to reduce their dependence on single-use plastics. Overall, this research shows that environmental education can increase pro-environmental awareness and behavior in the Gamel Village community. Intensive and continuous education, together with supportive regulations, can contribute significantly to reducing environmental pollution.

Problems of Household Waste Management in Banyumas Regency, Central Java

Problems of Household Waste Management in Banyumas Regency, Central Java

Utilization of Livestock Waste (Cow Manure) and Household Waste (Waste Cooking Oil) as Briquettes to Substitute Alternative Fuels

As the global population continues to grow, there is a corresponding increase in energy consumption annually. The need for alternative energy sources is evident in light of the finite reserves of oil. Briquettes are a renewable energy option that can help decrease reliance on oil. Briquettes can be produced through the utilization of organic waste materials. This research was carried out from 19 September to 18 October 2023, at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, and the Analytical Laboratory, Muhammadiyah University, Palangka Raya. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of briquettes made using cow dung charcoal and cooking oil as an adhesive. The parameters of this research are water content, ash content, burn rate, and colorific value. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model with 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 5 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The composition of the briquettes consists of (P1) = 90% cow dung and 10% used cooking oil, (P2): 87.5% cow dung and 12.5% ​​used cooking oil, (P3): 85% cow dung and 15% used cooking oil and (P4): 82.5% cow dung and 17.5% ​​used cooking oil. The results of variance analysis showed that the parameters of water content, ash content, burn rate, and colorific value did not show a significant influence between treatments (P>0.05) although there was a trend that P1 and P3 were better than the other treatments. It was concluded that the best quality of briquettes in terms of water content and ash content was in the P1 treatment (Briquettes with a composition of 90% cow dung and 10% used cooking oil), whereas if viewed from the burning rate and calorific value of the best briquettes, it was the P3 treatment (Briquettes with a composition of 85 % cow dung and 15% used cooking oil).

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DENGAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PIR II BAJUBANG KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

Community characteristics contribute greatly to waste management. The characteristics of the community in the working area of ​​the Bajubang PIR II Community Health Center are very varied. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between community characteristics and community participation in managing household waste in the PIR II Bajubang Community Health Center Working Area, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research method used is quantitative using an observational analytical design, in accordance with the research objective which is to explain the relationship between variables. The research location is in the PIR II Bajubang Health Center Working Area, Muaro Jambi Regency. The population is 2,322 housewives with a research sample of 92 housewives The instruments used were: questionnaire and checklist. Data analysis used the statistical test used was Chi-Square with a confidence level of 95% where α = 0.05. The results of the study showed that no Chi-square statistical test results were calculated because the respondents' attitudes towards the environment were constant, namely good for all, while family members had nothing to do with community participation. Meanwhile, other individual characteristic variables were significantly related to community participation in waste management. . Conclusion: The dominant characteristics of community participation in managing household waste in the PIR II Bajubang Community Health Center Working Area, Muaro Jambi Regency. The results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression statistical tests showed that the most dominant variables were the education variable and the income variable had a p value <0.05.

Pelatihan Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Sebagai Nilai Ekonomi

The high volume of waste generated by the community is a common problem in the city of Jakarta. The dense population and the high purchasing power of the community plus the limited landfills (TPA) are the causes of the increasingly complicated waste problem. Alternative waste management is needed that can reduce the level of waste accumulation in the landfill. Kelurahan Kayu Putih with an area of 437.15 ha has a population of 48,289 people, RW 08 is one of the densely populated areas in this Kelurahan. The problems faced by the RW 08 community include, first, the waste has not been managed properly, there is often a buildup of waste so that it rots and causes unpleasant odors. Second, how to manage household waste into commodities with economic value so that the benefits can be enjoyed by the RW 08 community. To overcome these conditions, the PKM FEB Trisakti Team held counseling and training. Counseling is given about the meaning of waste, waste sorting, how to manage household waste both organic and inorganic waste, how to turn household waste into commodities of economic value. Training was conducted to make ecoenzym liquid from organic waste. Discussions were held on the sidelines of counseling and training. The results of the activity showed that knowledge of sorting and managing waste increased from 20 percent to 80 percent, organic and inorganic waste management techniques increased from 10 percent to 100 percent and knowledge of household waste into economic value increased from 10 percent to 100 percent. The results of the implementation of this PKM have met the target because the participants have experienced an increase in insight and understanding above 70 percent of the material provided. Further activities are recommended for inorganic waste utilization training.

Desain Mesin Pencacah Sampah Organik Kapasitas 20 Kg dalam Mendukung Produksi Eco-Enzyme dan Kompos

Research to design an organic waste chopping machine with a capacity of 20 kg, which can be used by small industries and households, aims to facilitate the processing of organic waste with a capacity that is not large to support the activities of processing fruit and vegetable waste into eco-enzyme or compost which is an alternative organic waste processing solutions. During this process, what is done is to cut fruit and vegetable waste into small pieces which will be processed into eco-enzyme using a kitchen knife which is definitely not effective, takes a long time and the results are not uniform. The method used in designing this tool is the French method. This research succeeded in designing an organic waste chopping machine with a capacity of 20 kg, with a motor power of 0.18 kw / 180 watts. The combination of tool capacity and low watt motor makes mobility easier because it is easy to move and saves electricity consumption or costs. This research is a solution for processing organic waste both in households and in communities that are eco-enzyme and compost activists with real implementation in supporting more effective and efficient handling of organic waste.

Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Organik di Kelurahan Balongsari melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dengan Metode Kompos Takakura

The majority of waste produced by residents in the Balongsari Subdistrict is organic waste from household activities. The waste problem becomes more complex if public awareness about the importance of waste management remains low. To address this, Balongsari Subdistrict authorities and officials RW 4, 5, and 6, along with the community service team, agreed to conduct a waste management socialization activity using the Takakura method, targeting the PKK Mobilization Team. This activity aims to increase community knowledge and skills in managing kitchen waste, revive the community's enthusiasm for composting waste, and reduce waste volume. The method used is a participatory approach involving socialization, education, demonstrations, and hands-on practice with residents to create compost using the Takakura method. The results show that this community service activity improved residents' awareness and skills in converting household waste into compost. The increased active participation of 26 participants and the commitment of 85% of participants to implement the Takakura method at home demonstrate the success of this activity. The Takakura method offers an effective solution for reducing organic waste volume and producing high-quality compost. This practical introduction hopes to encourage more efficient and environmentally friendly waste management practices at the household level.

Knowledge, attitude and practice on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and COVID-19 among households in rural Bangladesh

Enhanced water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions can significantly reduce the incidence of communicable diseases and deaths related to diarrhea by up to 65%. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advocates regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds as an effective measure to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to assess rural Bangladeshi households' perceptions and knowledge concerning the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their understanding, attitudes, and practices regarding water, sanitation, and hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2020 and December 2020 to evaluate knowledge and practices related to safe water, sanitation, personal hygiene, and COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh. Self-administered questionnaires, pre-tested for reliability, were utilized to collect self-reported data, which were subsequently analyzed descriptively. Of the study participants, 66.78% were female, with a mean age of 40. The majority (92.36%) demonstrated adequate knowledge of personal hygiene, although 66.78% had not received hygiene education, and a significant proportion reported low levels of hygiene practices (17.28%). Nearly all respondents (98%) reported having access to a pit latrine, either with or without a seal, yet 63.12% indicated that their toilets become unusable during floods, and 29% admitted to practicing open defecation. While nearly all respondents were aware of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, only 46% had a comprehensive understanding of its transmission dynamics. Moreover, knowledge about preventive measures against the pandemic was found to be limited. Despite understanding the importance of handwashing, reported hand hygiene practices were inadequate among rural households. Additionally, a majority reported inadequate management of child feces, household waste, and sludge tanks. While awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic was high, a substantial proportion of respondents lacked understanding of its transmission and prevention methods. Moreover, fewer respondents reported using hand sanitizer when venturing outside for work. Future research should explore the impact of these behaviors on health outcomes and propose targeted interventions to improve hygiene practices. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 12(1 & 2): 11-21, 2023 (June & December)

Sosialisasi Transformasi Digital bagi UMKM sebagai Bagian Penguatan Fondasi Ekonomi Masyarakat Kabupaten Tangerang

Activities to socialize digital transformation of Micro small and Medium Enterprises in Tangerang Regency were carried out online and were attended by 497 participants with various backgrounds. There were three speakers and were guided directly by a moderator. Explained the problems and obstacles in implementing digitalization for micro small and medium enterprises, and the importance of digital transformation. This community service seminar was also filled with material about breaking down household waste into gold and beauty by the second resource person. The activity went well and was interactive between participants and resource persons. It is hoped that in the future similar activities can be carried out directly and continuously so that they can maximize the progress of Micro small and Medium Enterprises in Tangerang Regency

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ СРЕДСТВАМИ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has changed the lives of many people around the world. During the pandemic, hundreds of thousands of genomic sequences of the new coronavirus were formed, and its steady transmission from person to person remains. The use of disposable personal protective equipment (PPE) has become necessary to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to an unprecedented increase in the number of their production. Is of great concern the accumulation of the number of used PPE (medical and household waste), as well as their further disposal. The presence of various fragments of plastic and chemicals in disposable PPE can cause ecotoxicological effects on representatives of aquatic and terrestrial habitats at different levels of biological organization. In addition, PPE is a great danger for the further spread of various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, since viruses can remain on different surfaces for several days. In the current situation, it is obvious that there is a need to conduct research to assess environmental risks and the impact of used PPE on the environment and human health

Exploring urban spatial heterogeneity and socio-environmental attributes of household greenhouse gas emissions

Understanding urban spatial heterogeneity of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from sectoral household consumption is crucial to facilitate moves towards low-carbon cities. In this study, we use Xiamen city of China as a case study to reveal the emission characteristics of household GHG as well as spatial heterogeneity. We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey and calculated GHG emissions of districts from household energy consumption, food consumption, transportation, housing, household waste and wastewater treatment. The GHG emissions and the amount of urban residential household consumption shows obvious spatial heterogeneity across districts. Total GHG emissions of Xiamen city were 8.39 Mt. CO2e, and average household and per capita of GHG emissions were 8.11 and 2.72 tCO2e, respectively. While total GHG emissions vary from 0.41 to 2.45 Mt. CO2e across six districts and range from 0.16 to 3.39 Mt. CO2e among six sectors. Household GHG emissions differ from 7.08 to 9.40 tCO2e, while the per capita emissions range between 2.41 to 3.14 tCO2e among districts. Results also showed that more urbanized areas with higher population density have larger total urban residential GHG emissions, whereas household emissions were comparatively lower in these areas. In contrast, our study did not show an (inverted-) U relationship or linear relationship between emissions and population, nor between emissions and income level. Household energy use is the largest sector emitting GHGs. These findings will be useful to underpin policy making towards low-carbon cities.

Better social infrastructure matters: Impacts of perceptional and behavioral smartization on food-related household emissions and wastes

Japan has been implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (NDC goal) and food-related wastes (Food Recycling Act). However, these policies were mainly targeting commercial stakeholders instead of households. In this paper, we proposed a smart food transition framework with multiple dimensions, conducted a large sample size survey (5500 households in Japan) with consumer attitudes towards smart food services and smart eating habits, and investigated what may affect food-related household greenhouse gas emissions and food waste through a detailed assessment of both direct and indirect emissions. We found that, in the context of a better social infrastructure (e.g., better telecommunications infrastructure or higher penetration of SNS) where households can have a higher level of welfare and better access to smart food services, additional food waste would be generated, but not necessarily food-related greenhouse gas emissions. This is possible to be improved by perceptional changes and behavioral changes (e.g., more tolerance of using commercially prepared dishes, more willingness to use inventory management APPs). Our paper emphasized the importance of appropriate guidance in such perceptional changes and behavioral changes, together with detailed directions, for more decent household lives in the future of Japan.

Characterization, recyclability, and significance of plastic packaging in mixed municipal solid waste for achieving recycling targets in a Swedish city

About 60% of plastic packaging in Sweden ends up in mixed municipal solid waste (MSW), which is incinerated with energy recovery. This status quo presents a missed opportunity to meet ambitious recycling targets. This study aims to provide a detailed characterization of plastic packaging in mixed MSW to assess its potential for recycling and its significance in improving the overall recycling rate. A case study involving a Swedish city was conducted wherein a sample of 5500 kg of mixed MSW from 920 households was characterized. From the 31% recycling rate, improvement of up to 59% can be achieved by diverting this misplaced plastic packaging into the existing recycling system. An additional 9% increase remains challenging to achieve due to the occurrence of non-recyclable attributes like black and multilayer packaging. The highlighted key enabler is the combination of correct household waste separation behavior and the establishment of mechanical sorting facilities to recover plastic waste from mixed MSW. These recycling potentials and associated challenges are discussed in the context of Sweden's ongoing efforts across the plastic packaging value chain. Furthermore, the importance of extended waste characterization is emphasized as a tool for identifying recycling potentials and monitoring the effectiveness of measures in enhancing circularity and resource-efficiency.