Household Care Research Articles

Achieving Universal Health Coverage as a Goal of Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Development

Aim.The presented study aims to analyze and identify the “bottlenecks” Vietnam may face on the way to achieving the goal of universal health coverage of the country’s population.Tasks.The authors analyze the situation regarding the implementation of sustainable development goals in terms of ensuring the availability of health services; assess the situation regarding the availability of health services in Vietnam; assess the potential of health insurance to achieve universal health coverage as a goal of Vietnam’s socio-economic development.Methods.This study uses statistical, empirical, and comparative analysis.Results.Achieving the goal of universal health coverage in the country requires more than just financing health care. It reflects the importance of ensuring equal access to quality health services and enforcing the right to health, especially for vulnerable groups. The authors analyze population coverage, the organization of the financing system, and the cost of medical care for households. Funding for health programs in Vietnam is increasing. However, due to the enduring poverty in the country, households spending a large share of their own funds on health services, and the number of challenges associated with the COVID-19 new coronavirus pandemic, there is still a risk of not achieving the goal of universal coverage in the near term.Conclusions.To achieve the set goal, Vietnam needs to introduce effective mechanisms of compulsory and voluntary health insurance (VHI). This additional financial protection is seen as a way to enable more people to use the necessary services without the risk of catastrophic health care costs, thus effectively approaching the goal of universal health coverage for the citizens of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV).

Richard Kondratovich (1932–2017) – a scientist and rhododendron breeder

Richard Yazepovich Kondratovich was born in southeastern Latvia in the Saules Kalnes hamlet bordering Belarus. His father was the senior forester Yazep Kondratovich, and his mother Antonina was engaged in raising children, taking care of a big household and working part‑time in a local orphanage. In the period from 1939 to 1950 Richard went to school. From 1950 to 1955, he studied at the P. Stuchka Latvian State University (LSU). After graduating from the university, Richard Kondratovich was appointed director of the Botanical Garden of Latvian State University. In 1957, Richard started his scientific work on representatives of the genus Rhododendron. In 1964, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic «Introduction of rhododendrons in the Latvian SSR». In 1981, two books by R. Kondratovich dedicated to rhododendrons were published in Russian. They aroused great inter‑est in this plant and have not lost their significance until now. In 1983, R. Kondratovich defended his doctoral thesis on the topic «Rhododendrons in the Latvian SSR». R. Kondratovich left the position of Director of the Botanical Garden in 1965 and later switched to teaching. Since 1957, R. Kondratovich has been carrying out research in rhododendron breeding, which expanded significantly after the opening of the «Babite» Rhododendron Breeding and Experimental Nursery. It covered an area of 12.1 hectares and was officially opened on July 1, 1980. In 2018, there were already 117 registered author’s varieties and 76 biological taxa (species and their forms) in the Nursery. The fruitful work was interrupted in February 2017 by illness. Richard Kondratovich passed away on February 17, 2017.

Assessing the distributions and fate of household and personal care chemicals (HPCCs) in the Songhua Catchment, Northeast China

Many household and personal care chemicals (HPCCs) are of environmental concern due to their potential toxicity to humans and wildlife. However, few studies investigate the spatiotemporal variations and fate of HPCCs in large-scale river systems. Here, river water and sediment samples from the Songhua River in Northeast China were analyzed for seven classes of HPCCs. Correlation analysis suggested similar sources and environmental behavior for compounds from the same HPCC classes. In the river water, the concentrations of most HPCCs in the cold season were significantly higher than that of the warm season (p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of target compounds were found in the downstream water samples of a city, suggesting the influence of human activities on the distributions of HPCCs. The concentrations and distributions of most HPCCs were controlled by primary emission sources. The derived dissolved concentrations of HPCCs suggested that small amounts of caffeine and parabens were partitioned onto particles, while large amounts of many other HPCCs were bound to the particle phase. Water-sediment distribution coefficients (log Kd) ranged from 1.59 for caffeine to 3.95 for benzalkonium chloride-C14. This work presents new insights into the environmental behavior of HPCCs and the factors affecting their fate in river systems.

Single-parenthood and health conditions among children receiving public assistance in Japan: a cohort study

BackgroundChildren’s healthy development is important. While governmental public assistance benefits financially troubled families, it cannot compensate for a lack of social support. Single-parenthood is a health risk factor for children owing to low-income-associated food insecurity and stress. No study has investigated the association between single-parenthood and health status in children from families receiving public assistance. This study aimed to examine the association between single-parent households and children’s health among public assistance recipients in Japan by using linkage data of two municipal public assistance databases and administrative medical assistance data.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study. Public assistance for households below the poverty line ensures income security and medical care. The study population included all children aged 15 or younger availing public assistance in January 2016. We extracted recipients’ sociodemographic factors from January 2016 and identified the incidence of childhood diseases’ diagnosis until December 2016 as the outcome, including 1) acute upper respiratory infections; 2) influenza and pneumonia; 3) injuries, including fractures; 4) intestinal infectious diseases; 5) conjunctivitis; 6) asthma; 7) allergic rhinitis; 8) dermatitis and eczema, including atopic dermatitis; and 9) diseases of the oral cavities, salivary glands, and jaws, such as tooth decay or dental caries.ResultsAmong the 573 children, 383 (66.8%) lived in single-parent households. A multivariable Poisson regression, with a robust standard error estimator, showed that single-parenthood is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma (incidence ratio [IR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–2.26), allergic rhinitis (IR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07–1.86), dermatitis and eczema (IR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.21–2.70), and dental diseases (IR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.33–2.42) compared to non-single parent households, whereas little association was found between single-parenthood and children’s acute health conditions.ConclusionsAmong public assistance recipients, living in single-parent households may be a risk factor for children’s chronic diseases. The Japanese public assistance system should provide additional social care for single-parent households. Further investigations are necessary using more detailed longitudinal data, including environmental factors, the severity of children’s health conditions, contents of medical treatments, and broader socioeconomic factors.

Work-Care Balance over the Day and the Gender Wage Gap

We focus on the timing of labor supplied during the day and its interaction with home care responsibilities. Using the American Time Use Survey, we measure the incidence of household care activities between 8 AM and 5 PM (the prime time of the day). Women experience more work interruptions during that time. These work interruptions imply wages that are about 9 percent lower. This result is consistent with occupations offering more flexibility but also a lower wage. We offer suggestive evidence that missing work due to household demands has a larger penalty in occupations with more coordinated work schedules.

Exploring antenatal care utilization and intimate partner violence in Benin - are lives at stake?

BackgroundThe republic of Benin ranks in the bottom third of countries recently assessed for ANC coverage and its Ministry of Family and National Solidarity (2009) reported close to 70% of Beninese women suffered abuse at least once in their lifetime. Utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services is key to positive health outcomes for both mother and infant. This study examined the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the utilization of ANC services in Benin using both the basic 4 visit model (ANC-4) and the updated WHO recommended 8-visit model (ANC-8).MethodsData used for this study were collected from the nationally representative 2017–2018 Benin Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) on ever-partnered women aged 15–49 who had completed both reproductive maternal health and domestic violence modules of the survey. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine significant factors associated with ANC utilization in Benin.ResultsOver 40% of the women (n = 3084) reported experience of IPV in their lifetime. Findings revealed that women who ever experienced IPV (OR 0.753, 95% CI: 0.628–0.901; p = 0.002) had 25% less odds of accessing the basic four ANC visits. IPV was not found to be a factor in accessing at least eight ANC visits. With increasing number of children, there was less likelihood of accessing at least four and at least eight visits. Being in the richest quintile (OR 5.490, 95% CI 3.907–7.714; p < 0.000 for ANC-4; OR, 5.781, 95% CI: 3.208–10.41; p < 0.000), making decisions on household and health care (OR 1.279, 95% CI: 1.042–1.569 for ANC-4; OR, 1.724; 95% CI: 1.170–2.540; p = 0.006 for ANC-8), and getting paid cash for work increased the chances of utilizing ANC-four (OR 1.451, 95% CI: 1.122–1.876; 0.005) but not for ANC-eight. Belonging to the Muslim faith decreased the odds of ANC utilization compared to all other religions.ConclusionThis work revealed key areas for maternal health policy makers and service providers in Benin to appropriately plan effective policies (i.e., alleviate poverty; equitable health services access; cultural sensitivity) and necessary interventions (i.e. ANC education, IPV prevention, paid employment, alcohol cessation) to increase utilization of ANC.

Relationship, Choice, Health, and Typologies of Unpaid Care Labor for Older Adults.

Providing unpaid care labor to older adult friends and relatives is associated with deleterious health outcomes, especially among persons who feel they have no choice when taking on care responsibilities. We used hierarchical cluster analysis and structural equation modeling of data from the National Alliance for Caregiving's Caregiving in the U.S. 2015 Survey to explore choice-outcome relationships. We identified three distinct care typologies, hands-on, household, and managerial care. Perceived lack of choice predicted emotional stress directly and indirectly through household and managerial care; predicted physical strain directly and indirectly through all care typologies; but only predicted negative health impact indirectly through mediation. Lack of choice had greater direct effects on emotional stress and negative health impact for adult-descendants compared to participants with other relationships with recipients, for whom the effects of lack of choice on outcomes were mediated through household and managerial care.

Mobilizing motherhood: The gendered burden of environmental protection.

Maternalist framing has been a consistent part of a long history of powerful, often successful organizing for environmental protection and justice. Yet today's calls on individuals to simultaneously engage in proenvironmental behavior and to protect themselves from environmental threats through consumption have mobilized maternal discourse in a way that is likely demobilizing in the long run. Indeed, the increasing individualization of the environmental movement is intersecting with persistent, unequal gendered structures of labor in a way that places the burden of environmentalism and environmental risk management on women and mothers. I argue that precautionary consumption and other forms of individualized environmental risk management add to the "third shift," on top of the disproportionate burden of household labor and care work that women already face. This phenomenon is concerning because it has the potential to (1) limit women's engagement in other forms of environmental advocacy and leadership, and to (2) reproduce existing gender inequalities not only between men and women but also among women of different levels of race and class privilege. Thus, the increasing individualization of the environmental movement also potentially exacerbates environmental injustice at the household level. Despite such emerging concerns, the domestic scale remains an often overlooked site of environmental harm and gendered burden.

Care Needs and Migration: Household Determinants of Internal Labour Migration in Vietnam

Migration stands as a livelihood strategy for households in Southeast Asia. Recent literature calls for the study of migration at the household level and for the consideration of care needs among the determinants of migration. Based on the case of Vietnam, this article contributes to past research by providing a longitudinal analysis of how household care needs may influence the use of internal migration as a livelihood strategy. Using a household life-course perspective that recognizes how family care needs evolve over time, this article tests if care needs influence the propensity for a household to have one or more new member-out-migrants over time. We operationalize care needs through the household dependency ratio, health care and education expenditures. Multivariate analyses are based on longitudinal data from three passages of the Vietnam Living Standards Survey of 2010, 2012, and 2014. Results indicate that households needing to cover costs of children’s education are more likely to engage in migration than those with health care needs. These results reinforce the idea that migration requires certain conditions to occur and that the immediate care needs that require co-presence tend to prevent, rather than incite, migration at the household level. Overall, the analysis indicates that evolving care needs and household members’ capacities to provide for modify the way households organize and deploy their workforce over space and time.

Parenting Pressures Among Academic Pediatricians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

* Abbreviation: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019 Pediatricians advocate for parent wellbeing as a component of child health, and most pediatricians are parents themselves, the majority with partners who also work.1 Yet academic departments of pediatrics inconsistently address workplace parent supports, which resulted in challenges for pediatrician parents even before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatrician parents are experiencing work-related and parenting-related challenges that have spurred escalating concerns about work-life integration, burnout, and remaining in the academic workforce. We offer an approach for academic departments of pediatrics to support their faculty’s pandemic-related work-life integration, noting that such supports may benefit all faculty, parents and nonparents alike. We use the term “parent” broadly to include those with dependent-care responsibilities (eg, those caring for children, adults with disabilities, or elders) and parents-to-be (ie, pregnant or family building). “Women” is intended to include all those identifying as such. Although we focus here on academic pediatricians, the pandemic parenting load affects nonphysician colleagues as well as pediatricians in nonacademic positions; this similarly warrants attention. Supports for parenting pediatricians should be implemented by using an inclusive, team-centered approach that acknowledges that some supports for parenting physicians (eg, flexible clinic schedules) will impact other members of the health care team. Even before the pandemic, parenting pediatricians faced unique challenges to work-life integration compared with their nonparenting colleagues. Despite the preponderance of parents and women in academic pediatrics, many institutions do not yet provide robust family benefits that are increasingly available in other industries (eg, paid parental leave and back-up or on-site child care). … Address correspondence to Kimberly A. Randell, MD, MSc, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Mercy, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110. E-mail: karandell{at}cmh.edu

Fragrance materials (FMs) affect the larval development of the copepod Acartia tonsa: An emerging issue for marine ecosystems

Fragrance materials (FMs) are used in a variety of detergents and cosmetics, including household and personal care products. Despite their widespread use and the growing evidence of their occurrence in surface waters worldwide, very little is known about their toxicity towards marine species, including a key component of the marine food webs such as copepods. Thus, we investigated the toxicity of six of the more long-lasting and stable commercial fragrances, including Amyl Salicylate (AMY), Oranger Crystals (ORA), Hexyl Salicylate (HEX), Ambrofix (AMB), Peonile (PEO), and Benzyl Salicylate (BZS), to assess their ability to impair the larval development of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. FMs inhibited the development of A. tonsa significantly at concentrations by far lower than the effect-concentrations reported in the literature for aquatic species. The more toxic FMs were HEX (EC50 = 57 ng L−1), AMY (EC50 = 131 ng L−1) and ORA (EC50 = 766 ng L−1), while the other three compounds exerted toxic effects at concentrations higher than 1000 ng L−1 (LOEC at 1000 ng L−1 for PEO and BZS, and at 10,000 ng L−1 for AMB). Early life-stage mortality was unaffected by FMs at all the tested concentrations. A comparison with water concentrations of FMs reported in the literature confirmed that FMs, especially HEX and AMY, may act as contaminants of potential concern in many aquatic habitats, including urban areas and remote and polar environments.

Partner Selection Across the Life-Course: Age Variation in Partner Preferences in the Czech Republic

The proportion of people seeking a partner later in life has increased in recent decades. However, studies exploring age variation in partner preferences are quite rare. We aim to fill this gap by examining the partner preferences for household care skills, financial resources, and education of unpartnered individuals aged 19–65 years ( n = 1145) who participated in speed-dating events in the Czech Republic. We hypothesized that the importance of these characteristics varies with age, and that this variance may differ for men and women. The results show that gender differences concerning these characteristics are mostly stable across age groups. The exception is the importance of household care skills, which increases for older men and decreases for older women. We found that older adults value financial resources more than younger adults, and that this increase is true for women and men. Finally, we did not find evidence that the importance of education differs with age.

Galaxolide and tonalide modulate neuroendocrine activity in marine species from two taxonomic groups

Galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) are polycyclic musk compounds (PMCs) used in household and personal care products that have been included on the list as emerging contaminants of environmental concern due to their ubiquity in aquatic and terrestrial environments. There still exists a dearth of information on the neurotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of these contaminants, especially for marine and estuarine species. Here, we assessed the neuroendocrine effects of HHCB and AHTN using adult clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, and yolk-sac larvae of sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. The clams were treated with concentrations (0.005–50 μg/L) of each compound for 21 days. Meanwhile, sheepshead minnow larvae were exposed to 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L of HHCB and AHTN for 3 days. Enzyme activities related to neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE), neuroendocrine function (cyclooxygenase - COX), and energy reserves (total lipids - TL) were assessed in R. philippinarum. Gene expression levels of cyp19 and vtg1 were measured in C. variegatus using qPCR. Our results indicated induction of AChE and COX in the clams exposed to HHCB while AHTN exposure significantly inhibited AChE and COX. Gene expression of cyp19 and vtg1 in yolk-sac C. variegatus larvae exposed to 50 μg/L AHTN was significantly downregulated versus the control. The results of this study demonstrate that HHCB and AHTN might pose neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects in coastal ecosystems.

DETERMINAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGKATAN KERJA PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 MENGGUNAKAN MODEL REGRESI DATA PANEL

Tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja (TPAK) perempuan di Indonesia selalu lebih rendah dari TPAK laki-laki, bahkan perbedaannya sangat jauh dan tidak pernah mengerucut. Selain itu, tren TPAK perempuan mengalami stagnasi pada kisaran 50 persen selama lebih dari satu dekade terakhir. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki determinan TPAK perempuan di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis inferensia dengan model regresi data panel. Fixed efffect model (FEM) dengan metode seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) dipilih sebagai model terbaik untuk melakukan estimasi model regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi rata-rata lama sekolah (RLS) perempuan, upah tenaga kerja perempuan, jumlah tenaga kerja sektor industri pengolahan, jumlah tenaga kerja sektor pertanian dan produk domestik regional bruto atas dasar harga konstan (PDRB ADHK) dapat meningkatkan TPAK perempuan di Indonesia. Sementara itu, semakin tinggi jumlah penduduk yang mengurus rumah tangga dapat menurunkan TPAK perempuan di Indonesia.

Fate of Household and Personal Care Chemicals (HPCCs) in Sewage and Sludge from Typical Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Fate of Household and Personal Care Chemicals (HPCCs) in Sewage and Sludge from Typical Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Mensurar o trabalho não pago no Brasil: uma proposta metodológica

Resumo As estatísticas mostram que, em todo o mundo, as mulheres são as maiores responsáveis pelo trabalho de reprodução da vida humana, que envolve as tarefas domésticas e de cuidados, definido como trabalho não pago. É preciso que se reconheça seu valor e importância para a sociedade. Uma forma de fazer isso é mostrar o volume de riqueza, na forma de bens e serviços, gerados por esse trabalho invisível, através de sua mensuração/valoração. Para isso, é necessária a criação de uma Conta Satélite do trabalho não-pago, cumprindo um dos objetivos propostos pela ONU na lista de Metas para o Milênio. Desta forma, este estudo propõe a discussão de um indicador social do trabalho não pago para o Brasil a ser incorporado às Contas Nacionais. Este trabalho discute o significado das Contas Satélites para as estatísticas de gênero, realçando a importância econômica dos afazeres domésticos e cuidados, não apenas para as famílias mas para a sociedade como um todo, destacando as dificuldades em conciliar trabalho e família para as pessoas responsáveis pelo trabalho não pago. Por fim, o texto desenvolve uma proposta metodológica para estimar o trabalho não-pago no Brasil compatível com a metodologia das contas nacionais.

Did COVID-19 Affect the Division of Labor within the Household? Evidence from Two Waves of the Pandemic in Italy

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on families’ lives, with parents all over the world struggling to meet the increased demands of housework, childcare and home-schooling. Much of the additional burden has been shouldered by women, particularly in countries with a traditionally uneven division of household labor. Yet the dramatic increase in remote work from home since the pandemic also has the potential to increase paternal involvement in family life and thus to redress persistent domestic gender role inequalities. This effect depends on the working arrangements of each partner, whether working remotely, working at their usual workplace or ceasing work altogether. We examine the role of working arrangements during the pandemic on the traditional division of household labor in Italy using survey data from interviews with a representative sample of working women conducted during the two waves of COVID-19 (April and November 2020). Our data show that the gender gap in household care related activities was widest during the first wave of the pandemic, and although it was less pronounced during the second wave, it was still higher than pre-COVID-19. The time spent by women on housework, childcare, and assisting their children with distance learning did not depend on their partners’ working arrangements. Conversely, men spent fewer hours helping with the housework and distance learning when their partners were at home. It is interesting, however, that although men who worked remotely or not at all did devote more time to domestic chores and child care, the increased time they spent at home did not seem to lead to a reallocation of couples’ roles in housework and child care. Finally, we find that working arrangements are linked to women’s feelings of uncertainty, with heterogeneous effects by level of education.

Did Covid-19 Affect the Division of Labor within the Household? Evidence from Two Waves of the Pandemic in Italy

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on families' lives, with parents all over the world struggling to meet the increased demands of housework, childcare and home-schooling. Much of the additional burden has been shouldered by women, particularly in countries with a traditionally uneven division of household labor. Yet the dramatic increase in remote work from home since the pandemic also has the potential to increase paternal involvement in family life and thus to redress persistent domestic gender role inequalities. This effect depends on the working arrangements of each partner, whether working remotely, working at their usual workplace or ceasing work altogether. We examine the role of working arrangements during the pandemic on the traditional division of household labor in Italy using survey data from interviews with a representative sample of working women conducted during the two waves of COVID-19 (April and November 2020). Our data show that the gender gap in household care related activities was widest during the first wave of the pandemic, and although it was less pronounced during the second wave, it was still higher than pre-COVID-19. The time spent by women on housework, childcare, and assisting their children with distance learning did not depend on their partners' working arrangements. Conversely, men spent fewer hours helping with the housework and distance learning when their partners were at home. It is interesting, however, that although men who worked remotely or not at all did devote more time to domestic chores and child care, the increased time they spent at home did not seem to lead to a reallocation of couples' roles in housework and child care. Finally, we find that working arrangements are linked to women's feelings of uncertainty, with heterogeneous effects by level of education.

Data Mining Approaches for Assessing Chemical Coexposures Using Consumer Product Purchase Data.

The use of consumer products presents a potential for chemical exposures to humans. Toxicity testing and exposure models are routinely employed to estimate risks from their use; however, a key challenge is the sparseness of information concerning who uses products and which products are used contemporaneously. Our goal was to demonstrate a method to infer use patterns by way of purchase data. We examined purchase patterns for three types of personal care products (cosmetics, hair care, and skin care) and two household care products (household cleaners and laundry supplies) using data from 60,000 households collected over a one-year period in 2012. The market basket analysis methodology frequent itemset mining (FIM) was used to identify co-occurring sets of product purchases for all households and demographic groups based on income, education, race/ethnicity, and family composition. Our methodology captured robust co-occurrence patterns for personal and household products, globally and for different demographic groups. FIM identified cosmetic co-occurrence patterns captured in prior surveys of cosmetic use, as well as a trend of increased diversity of cosmetic purchases as children mature to teenage years. We propose that consumer product purchase data can be mined to inform person-oriented use patterns for high-throughput chemical screening applications, for aggregate and combined chemical risk evaluations.

Persons disabled since childhood with severe functional impairments: medical-social portrait

Aim. To study of medical and social characteristics of persons disabled since childhood of the first group, their needs for various types of rehabilitation and care for the development of a medical-social model of personal assistance.&#x0D; Methods. A sample study of 194 persons disabled since childhood of the first group in eight regions of the Russian Federation was conducted using a specially developed methodology. The calculations were performed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics Viewer 23.&#x0D; Results. The state of health of persons disabled since childhood of the first group is characterized by polymorphism and polymorbidity. 64.3% of people with disabilities have multiple dysfunctions of organs and systems. In this regard, there are pronounced restrictions on the main categories of life activity. Half of the caregivers (47.4%) spend more than 8 hours a day on organizing care for persons disabled since childhood of the first group; between 4 and 8 hours 29.8%; between 2 and 3 hours 12.9%; less than 2 hours 4.1%. It was found that 32.7% of families spend more than half of their family budget on care (organization of medical and household care, transportation and relocation, organization of training, communication in accordance with age). At the same time, only 30.0% of caregivers work, the remaining 70.0% do not work (do not receive seniority) and will not be able to claim a labor pension. Persons disabled since childhood of the first group are characterized by pronounced restrictions on the main categories of life, the need for constant and regular care of all types, however, 28.4% of this group of people can self-service themselves or with little help from other people. With the presented medical-social portrait, state support for this category of citizens should be carried out in a differentiated manner. The personal assistance model allows parents/guardians of persons disabled since childhood of the first group not only to care for a family member but also to find employment as a personal assistant.&#x0D; Conclusion. Families with persons disabled since childhood of the first group need differentiated support that will allow parents/guardians to care for their family members and work; the personal assistance model could solve these problems.