Hot Dogs Research Articles

Kinematics and star formation of high-redshift hot dust-obscured quasars as seen by ALMA

Hot, dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are a population of hyper-luminous obscured quasars identified by WISE. We present ALMA observations of the [C II] 158 μm fine-structure line and underlying dust continuum emission in a sample of seven of the most extremely luminous (EL; Lbol ≥ 1014 L⊙) Hot DOGs, at redshifts of z ≃ 3.0−4.6. The [C II] line is robustly detected in four objects, tentatively in one, and likely to have been red-shifted out of the spectral window in the remaining two, based on additional data. On average, [C II] is red-shifted by ≃780 km s−1 from rest-frame ultraviolet emission lines. EL Hot DOGs consistently exhibit very high [C II] surface densities, with Σ[CII] ≃ 1−2 × 109 L⊙ kpc−2, which is as high as the most extreme cases seen in other high-redshift quasars. As a population, EL Hot DOG hosts seem to be roughly centered on the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, but the uncertainties are substantial and individual sources can fall above and below. The average, intrinsic [C II] and dust continuum sizes (FWHMs) are ≃2.1 kpc and ≃1.6 kpc, respectively, with a very narrow range of line-to-continuum size ratios, 1.61 ± 0.10, suggesting they could be linearly proportional. The [C II] velocity fields of EL Hot DOGs are diverse: from barely rotating structures, to resolved hosts with ordered, circular motions, to complex, disturbed systems that are likely the result of ongoing mergers. In contrast, all sources display large line-velocity dispersions, FWHM[CII] ≳ 500 km s−1, which are, on average, larger than optically and IR-selected quasars at similar or higher redshifts. We argue that one possible hypothesis that explains the lack of a common velocity structure, the systematically large dispersion of the ionized gas, and the presence of nearby companion galaxies, may be that the EL Hot DOG phase could be recurrent, rather than a single event. The dynamical friction from the frequent in-fall of neighbor galaxies and gas clumps, along with the subsequent quasar feedback, would contribute to the high turbulence of the gas within the host in a process that could potentially trigger not only one continuous EL, obscured event –but instead a number of recurrent, shorter-lived episodes as long as external accretion continues.

International Obesity Day

Today's pace of life forces people to eat quickly and on the go, neglecting a full dinner with hot soup, and makes them buy ready-made meals due to the unwillingness to cook on their own. Why waste time going to the store and standing by the stove, when you can have a quick bite at the nearest cafe or buy convenience foods? We even bring children to fast food places, again due to the lack of time, sometimes forgetting how much we harm the body with such products. In these conditions, no one counts calories or analyzes the nutritional balance of this diet. We do not think that the frequent consumption of hamburgers, hot dogs, pies and fries quickly causes metabolic disorders and, as a result, leads to the development of obesity. Few consider obesity to be a disease, meanwhile this pathology is rapidly becoming younger: if earlier overweight children used to be, rather, an exception to the rule and became objects of ridicule by their peers, now, due to a sedentary lifestyle and excessive enthusiasm for gadgets, more and more children and adolescents are becoming overweight.

Validation of the Clear Safety Listeria Method for Detection of Listeria Species in Hot Dogs and on Environmental Surface Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 091901.

The Clear Safety Listeria method utilizes polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and targeted next-generation sequencing technology to detect Listeria species (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. marthii, L. grayi, L. welshimeri, and L. seeligeri) in hot dogs and on selected environmental surfaces. The aim was to validate the candidate method according to current AOAC guidelines. The candidate method was compared to the reference method for hot dogs and the environmental surfaces. The method was also evaluated for inclusivity and exclusivity using 50 inclusivity strains and 30 exclusivity strains for each reported target. Product consistency and stability was tested and robustness was evaluated with changes in enrichment temperature, volume of sample treatment, and aliquot volume for PCR. The candidate method demonstrated no statistically significant differences using the probability of detection model between candidate and reference methods or between presumptive and confirmed results for all environmental surfaces and hot dogs. Additionally, the candidate method detected all inclusivity organisms and excluded all exclusivity organisms for each reported target. Product lots were shown to be consistent and data supported the kit's shelf life. Finally, the robustness study demonstrated no statistical differences when the volume of sample or the aliquot volume for PCR was altered. Increasing the incubation temperature to 37 ± 1 °C resulted in greater recovery of L. monocytogenes as compared to 35 ± 1 °C and 30 ± 1 °C. The Clear Safety Listeria method is statistically equivalent to the reference methods for the detection of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in hot dogs and on selected environmental surfaces. The Clear Safety Listeria method is an automated, highthroughput NGS-based method capable of detecting Listeria species in the hot dog and environmental samples within 28h.

COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Changes in Nutrition Behaviors of Older Adults

ObjectivesThe objective of this project was to determine the changes in nutrition behaviors of older adults before and since COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey administered by Qualtrics was used for data collection. The survey was administered between August 9, 2020 through September 15, 2020. The sample size included 9,969 participants with 5,733 females (57%) and 4,236 males (43%). The age ranged from 40 to100 years (M = 62.09, SD = 11.22). The 24-item Dietary Screening Tool (DST) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20: IBM, Inc.) Descriptive statistics were provided as mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and frequency and percentages for categorical variables. Differences between nutritional items before and since COVID-19 were examined using paired-sample t-test (11 pairs) for normal distribution, Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests (8 pairs) for nonparametric distributions and McNemar test for 12 yes/no questions (6 pairs).ResultsChanges in consumption before and since COVID-19 were measured. For total participants, drinking alcohol decreased significantly (48.1% vs. 46.9%). The decrease in drinking alcohol was statistical significance with gender (male: 57.2 vs.55.2%; female:41.4% vs. 40.7%). The number of servings of milk, cheese and yogurt decreased significantly since COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Total participants showed a significant decrease in the frequency of eating fruit as a snack, whole grains, popcorn, cakes and pies since COVID-19 (P < 0.001). There was no difference in vegetable intake (carrots, sweet potatoes, broccoli or spinach) since COVID-19 (P = 0.644). For White participants, the frequency of meat intake of chicken or turkey (P < 0.001), bacon or sausage (P < 0.0010), and cold cuts, hot dogs, lunchmeats, or deli meats (P = 0.044) were significantly different before and since COVID-19; for Blacks, chicken or turkey (P = 0.004), bacon or sausage (P = 0.033), and for Asians, the frequency of all meats had no significant changes before and since COVID-19.ConclusionsThis study provides nutritional related behaviors of older adults during a period of limited movement and how adjustments are made that could be limiting nutritionally.Funding SourcesHatch Multi-State Research Capacity funding (NE-1939, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA.

Detection of H2O and OH+ in z &gt; 3 hot dust-obscured galaxies

Aims. In this paper we present the detection of H2O and OH+ emission in z &gt; 3 hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs). Methods. Using ALMA Band-6 observations of two Hot DOGs, we detected H2O(202 − 111) in W0149+2350, and H2O(312 − 303) and the multiplet OH+(11 − 01) in W0410−0913. These detections were serendipitous, falling within the side-bands of Band-6 observations aimed to study CO(9−8) in these Hot DOGs. Results. We find that both sources have luminous H2O emission with line luminosities of LH2O(202 − 111) &gt; 2.2 × 108 L⊙ and LH2O(312 − 303) = 8.7 × 108 L⊙ for W0149+2350 and W0410−0913, respectively. The H2O line profiles are similar to those seen for the neighbouring CO(9–8) line, with line widths of full width at half maximum (FWHM) ∼800−1000 km s−1. However, the H2O emission seems to be more compact than the CO(9−8). OH+(11 − 01) is detected in emission for W0410−0913, with a FWHM = 1000 km s−1 and a line luminosity of LOH+(11 − 01) = 6.92 × 108 L⊙. The ratio of the observed H2O line luminosity over the IR luminosity, for both Hot DOGs, is consistent with previously observed star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The H2O/CO line ratio of both Hot DOGs and the OH+/H2O line ratio of W0410−0913 are comparable to those of luminous AGN found in the literature. Conclusions. The bright H2O(202 − 111), and H2O(312 − 303) emission lines are likely due to the combined high star formation levels and luminous AGN in these sources. The presence of OH+ in emission, and the agreement of the observed line ratios of the Hot DOGs with luminous AGN in the literature, would suggest that the AGN emission is dominating the radiative output of these galaxies. However, follow-up multi-transition observations are needed to better constrain the properties of these systems.

Contents of sodium-chloride in various groups of locally manufactured meat

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the most important food additives and it has a significant impact on the sensory and microbiological properties of meat products. According to the Regulation on the quality of ground meat, meat preparations and meat products (Official Gazette of RS 50/2019), the salt content in meat products is not defined. The average NaCl values in these products can be concluded by comparison with available experimental and literature data. The aim of this study was to examine the content of sodium chloride in different meat products from 3 different production batches locally produced. A total of 42 samples were tested: Kulen and Cajna sausage (fermented sausages), dry tenderloin (cured meat products), smoked tenderloin (smoked products), hot dog (finely chopped boiled sausage), Serbian sausage (coarsely chopped boiled sausage) and pancetta (bacon). The highest average sodium chloride content was found in dry tenderloin (4.49g/100 g) while the lowest content was measured in hot dogs (1.88g/100 g). Comparing the obtained values of sodium chloride content with the values obtained by other authors for fermented products (Kulen and Cajna sausage), the tested products had significantly higher values of salt content, while the lowest average content of sodium chloride was found in smoked tenderloin samples. For other products, the content of the tested parameter was similar to the values reported in the literature. After the analysis of available samples, it was determined that the manufacturer adhered to the prescribed amounts of NaCl, according to the recipe, in every product. There weren't any notable deviations in the preparation of monitored meat products.

Migration Theory

Migration Theory Candice May (bio) 1 Once there was a girl who made a castle out of her own body. Inside the castle, she lived as a prisoner on the top floor, high up in the sky. She did a lot of thinking. Every day, she thought about only one thing: food. She thought about warm apple fritters, chocolate cake, and her grandma's whole-wheat bread. She thought about honey, drizzling off a spoon, into a dish of vanilla ice cream. She thought about pizza with fresh basil and mozzarella. Bagels with cream cheese and strawberry jam. Spaghetti. In the castle, there was also a witch who guarded the entrance and hovered between the girl's thoughts. The witch told the girl, You can't have that. And for years, the girl believed her. The girl's bones became bricks and her torso very long, like a column. Her hair thinned and she was cold. Always so cold. The witch liked nothing better than to stand before the girl, holding out forkfuls of food towards the girl's open mouth. You can't have that, the witch taunted. You can't have that. The girl grew skinnier and skinnier, and some people in the real world started to notice. They cooked all of her favorite foods: blueberry muffins, hamburgers, French fries with ketchup. But by this time, the girl was so terrified of the witch that she would not eat one bite, lest the witch punish her. Instead, she ran. She ran up and down the spiralled staircase, up and down the hallways. Her parents and friends begged her: Please, stop running. You're disappearing before our eyes. Won't you leave this castle and the witch behind? They aren't even real. But the girl could not stop. 2 Two ancient parts of the brain, Cortex and Limbic, stand in front of a fridge full of food. They look at containers of leftovers while they talk, occasionally closing the fridge door, opening it again. Cortex: You can't have that. Limbic: Maybe I could just smell it? Cortex: You can smell it for five seconds, but no more. Because then you'll want to eat it. Limbic: Okay. (Opens a container of leftover baked chicken with rosemary, inhaling deeply.) Oh, that's so good. Maybe just a nibble off the end? Cortex: No. You won't be able to stop. You know that. Control yourself! Limbic: Okay. (Closes the container. Sighs.) Cortex: Remember your goals. No food until dinner. Limbic: I remember the best dinner I ever had. I was eight years old. It was my birthday. My mom [End Page 200] cooked hot dogs and I ate three! Packed with relish, mayonnaise, mustard. Chips on the side, and then a homemade strawberry shortcake. It was sweet and thick with icing, and I ate— Cortex: Stop! Control yourself! Stop this immediately. Limbic: I'm sorry. I'm such a fuck up. (Starts to cry.) Cortex: You are so emotional. Limbic: Maybe something from the back of the fridge? (Forages the containers.) Cortex: If you eat something now, imagine how bad you'll feel later. You're too impulsive! Limbic: God, my pulse is starting to race again. I can't breathe. Help me, I can't breathe and my skin is itchy. Oh god, oh god! I can't breathe! (Slams the fridge door.) Cortex: You're just anxious. You wind yourself up too much. We should go for a walk. Limbic: Yes! A walk. How about a run? Can we run? Cortex: Even better. Get going. Limbic: Then can I eat? Cortex: Maybe a little. If you run more than you did yesterday. Limbic: (Pulls on running shoes, races out the door.) 3 You know the stereotypes: high achieving, controlling, vanity-stricken white girl. Also: anxious, people pleaser, obsessive compulsive. There have been many, many psycho-analytical theories. The wicked witch is nothing but your own psyche, nervosa, which causes you to will your appetite away. You're just a nervous, nail biting girl, locked up in your own bones, banging on the walls. Freud figured it out, long ago: you're melancholic with an underdeveloped sexuality...

"The Influence of the Women's Movement Cannot Stop at the Prison Door": Prisoners' Rights in Michigan Correctional Facilities for Women

"The Influence of the Women's Movement Cannot Stop at the Prison Door":Prisoners' Rights in Michigan Correctional Facilities for Women Bonnie Ernst In 1976, the Detroit House of Correction received a woman whose name would become synonymous with the fight for gender equality in American prisons.1 Just twenty-one years old, Mary Glover faced three concurrent, as opposed to consecutive, life sentences. Her new home was bleak.2 She recalled how "on arrival at the prison, I could not believe my eyes. The 180-bed institution was completely uninhabitable. The building had been condemned and the housing 'cottages' were filthy. I was processed as a new commitment and taken to the hospital dining room for lunch. It was crawling with cockroaches and mice. … They fed me black, burned hot dogs and beans. It was hot and muggy. Flies were everywhere. I was sick and in shock."3 Glover's cell held urine-soaked mattresses. In the winter, incarcerated women endured sporadic heat. They suffered through sweltering temperatures in the summer.4 Like prisoners across the country, incarcerated women in Michigan navigated dilapidated and overcrowded buildings. They lacked access to education, vocational training, and legal services, which made them vulnerable to arbitrary and cruel punishment. In contrast, incarcerated men could enroll in college courses and job [End Page 61] training in factories and farms. Men had little control over where they were imprisoned, and the programs varied widely among facilities.5 Their female counterparts all landed in the Detroit House of Correction, located in the rural town of Plymouth and managed by the City of Detroit. These discrepancies fueled discontent and inspired activism in the state's only women's prison. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, uprisings in New York and California drew global attention to racism and prison conditions. Informed by the Nation of Islam, the Black Panther Party, and other political movements, prisoners garnered national media attention that showcased racialized violence.6 Scholars of the prisoners' rights movement have focused on Northeastern and Sunbelt states, and they have depicted prison organizing as normatively masculine. Girlfriends, wives, mothers, and female activists appear in historical accounts of reform in men's prisons.7 For example, historian Heather Ann Thompson has detailed one of the most well-known prison protests, the Attica prison uprising of 1971, which inspired a new generation of activists who were critical of prisons and devoted to acknowledging the civil and human rights of incarcerated people.8 In Michigan, activism was especially influential in women's prisons. This article examines how incarcerated women carved new pathways for reform based on their interpretation of the women's movement. They infused prison reform with critiques of gender-based discrimination, allowing the prisoners' rights movement for women to create avenues for incarcerated people, attorneys, and activists to propose reform and interrogate the purpose of imprisonment through the lens of gender, race, and class. As their attorney Charlene Snow argued, "the influence of the [End Page 62] women's movement cannot stop at the prison door."9 Launched in Michigan, the prisoners' rights movement for women was effective in igniting political consciousness among prisoners. It also facilitated a prolonged legal battle for gender equality that started in the 1970s and concluded in the early 2000s. This article traces how the women's movement and feminist jurisprudence influenced prison activism in Michigan in the 1970s. Conceptions of gender equality, as articulated by incarcerated women through testimony, grievance reports, and a federal class-action lawsuit, gained traction in courts and prisons. The multiple ways in which incarcerated women fought for gender equality expands upon Emily Thuma's "history of the carceral state from below," in which activists from inside and outside prison pursued "broad horizons" of the feminist movement.10 Incarcerated women asserted their constitutional right to equal opportunity by grounding their legal claims in the Fourteenth Amendment. They compelled the federal courts to prohibit gender-based discrimination in state prisons with the lawsuit Glover v. Johnson (1979), the country's first major case addressing gender inequality in prisons. The litigation inspired incarcerated women to launch similar cases in other states.11 The impact of mass incarceration by the 1980s...

A family influence on the eating behavior of modern Ukrainian adolescents

Objective — to determine a family’s influence on the formation of eating behavior of adolescents in a large industrial city in health promoting school.Materials and methods. Anonymous survey have been conducted of 1505 students of eleven general secondary education institutions with a health promoting school for students in Dnipro in February‑March 2019. The study involved 422 6th graders (197 boys and 213 girls), 482 7th graders (271 boys and 333 girls) and 784 9th graders (243 boys and 216 girls).Results. The study analyzed the frequency of consumption of certain foods, which in our opinion provide information about the diet of this age group. Frequency of daily consumption of sweets 28 %, cakes 18 %, meat 50 %, sausages 30 %, fish 10 %, milk 43 %, fresh vegetables 62 % and fruits 55 %, and, of course, products that can be potentially harmful for use by teenagers: crisps or crackers 7 %, hot dogs 4 %, ketchup and sauces 12 %. It was also found that the single‑parent family was a risk factor for more intensive consumption by adolescents of «fast food» (F = 9.8; p = 0.02), food for taken out (F = 17.3; p &lt; 0.001), crisps, crackers (F = 12.2; p = 0.001) and quick meals (F = 18.9; p &lt; 0.001). Mononuclear families are only 19.4 — 24.0 % %. The presence of several children in the family influenced the parents’ greater attention to the family’s consumption of fresh vegetables (F = 7.5; p = 0.006) and fruits (F = 7.3; p = 0.007). The three‑generation family paid more attention to regular consumption of meat (F = 4.1; p = 0.04) and fermented milk products (F = 4.0; p = 0.04).Conclusions. The family, which provides for the livelihood of adolescents, has played the most active role in the formation and promotion of eating behavior. The structure of food preferences of primary school students remains quite stable from the sixth to the ninth grade and differs significantly depending on the sex and composition of the family, which indicates the dependence of eating behavior of adolescents from the family. Even when parents want to create a health‑friendly educational environment, only up to 70 % of students receive fresh vegetables and fruits every day and a limited amount of complete protein (no more than 20 % fish and 60 % meat). In our opinion, medical and preventive care programs should be aimed on parents, taking into account their socio‑economic aspects and education.

Fast Outflows in Hot Dust-obscured Galaxies Detected with Keck/NIRES

Abstract We present rest-frame optical spectroscopic observations of 24 Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies (Hot DOGs) at redshifts 1.7–4.6 with KECK/NIRES. Our targets are selected, based on their extreme red colors, to be the highest-luminosity sources from the WISE infrared survey. In 20 sources with well-detected emission, we fit the key [O iii], Hβ, Hα, [N ii], and [S ii] diagnostic lines to constrain physical conditions. Of the 17 targets with a clear detection of the [O iii]λ5007 Å emission line, 15 display broad blueshifted and asymmetric line profiles, with widths ranging from 1000 to 8000 km s−1 and blueshifts up to 3000 km s−1. These kinematics provide strong evidence for the presence of massive ionized outflows of up to , with a median of . As many as eight sources show optical emission line ratios consistent with vigorous star formation. Balmer-line star formation rates, uncorrected for reddening, range from 30 to 1300 , with a median of . Estimates of the SFR from Spectral Energy Distribution fitting of mid- and far-infrared photometry suggest significantly higher values. We estimate the central black hole masses to be of order , assuming the present-day relation. The bolometric luminosities and the estimated masses of the central black holes of these galaxies suggest that many of the active galactic nucleus-dominated Hot DOGs are accreting at or above their Eddington limit. The combination of ongoing star formation, massive outflows, and high Eddington ratios suggest Hot DOGs are a transitional phase in galaxy evolution.

Diet Quality Compared to the Nutritional Knowledge of Polish, German, and Slovakian University Students-Preliminary Research.

The eating habits of students differ significantly from those recommended by health practitioners. The aim of this study was to find differences related to diet quality and knowledge on nutrition among Polish, German, and Slovakian students as well as to examine which factors differentiate the diet quality of students from these three countries. The study was conducted on a group of 394 university students from Poland, Germany, and Slovakia. The assessment of diet quality and knowledge on food and nutrition was done with the use of the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire. The diet of German students was characterized by a significantly higher consumption of legume-based foods, vegetables, and fruit compared to Polish students and Slovakian participants (p < 0.001). The diet of the Poles was characterized by a high consumption of cured meat, smoked sausages, hot dogs, white bread and bakery products, butter, fried foods, and energy drinks. The most important factors significantly associated with diet quality involved the country, place of residence, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, and time spent watching TV or using a computer. Polish students were characterized by the highest level of knowledge on food and nutrition (p < 0.001). However, it was not reflected in their diet. The authorities of universities should aim to provide students with access to canteens on campuses which would offer the possibility of consumption of both affordable and healthy meals.

Dietary Patterns of Females with Cholecystolithiasis: A Comprehensive Study from Central Region of Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Cholecystolithiasis is a worldwide gastrointestinal disorder and dietary pattern is one of the major risk factors involved in formation of cholelithiasis.&#x0D; AIM: This study was undertaken to determine the dietary patterns of female patients with cholecystolithiasis in the central region of Saudi Arabia.&#x0D; METHODS: A total of 332 females respondents were included, among them 157 were cholecystolithiasis cases, whereas 175 were healthy female subjects. All respondents were from central region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire and dietary patterns of studied population samples were compared by Chi-square test using SPSS software.&#x0D; RESULTS: The data showed that the consumption of meat from beef, lamb or goat, butter, ghee, pizza, cereals, legumes, coffee, tea, kabsa rice, tomatoes, and eggs was found to be positively associated with the risk of cholelithiasis. Interestingly, the data also demonstrated that consumption of cakes, chocolates, cookies, ice cream, doughnuts, chicken, fish or other sea foods, French fries, and hot dogs showed no relation with the risk of cholelithiasis.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive description of the dietary patterns of females from central region of Saudi Arabia and their association with the risk of onset of cholelithiasis. Specifically, the majority of non-vegetarian food stuffs showed positive association with the risk of development of cholelithiasis. These findings strongly recommended that the Health Ministry of Saudi Arabia should initiate the specific intervention public health programs on the dietary pattern in relation with the risk of cholelithiasis.

Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement.

We aimed to determine the frequency with which kid influencers promote branded and unbranded food and drinks during their YouTube videos and assess the nutritional quality of food and drinks shown. Researchers used Socialbakers data to identify the 5 most-watched kid influencers (ages 3 to 14 years) on YouTube in 2019. We searched for 50 of their most-watched videos and 50 of their videos that featured food and/or drinks on the thumbnail image of the video. We coded whether kid influencers consumed or played with food or toys, quantified the number of minutes food and/or drinks appeared, and recorded names of branded food and/or drinks. We assessed the nutritional quality of foods using the Nutrient Profile Model and identified the number of drinks with added sugar. A sample of 418 YouTube videos met the search criteria, and 179 of those videos featured food and/or drinks. Food and/or drinks were featured in those videos 291 times. Kid influencers' YouTube videos were collectively viewed >48 billion times, and videos featuring food and/or drinks were viewed 1 billion times. Most food and/or drinks were unhealthy branded items (n = 263; 90.34%; eg, McDonald's), followed by unhealthy unbranded items (n = 12; 4.1%; eg, hot dogs), healthy unbranded items (n = 9; 3.1%; eg, fruit), and healthy branded items (n = 7; 2.4%; eg, Yoplait yogurt). Kid influencers generate millions of impressions for unhealthy food and drink brands through product placement. The Federal Trade Commission should strengthen regulations regarding product placement on YouTube videos featuring young children.

S2980 Bezoar With a Side of Air, Hold the Mustard

INTRODUCTION: Portal venous gas is a rare radiological finding that demonstrates the accumulation of gas in the portal vein and its branches. It is associated with multiple pathological conditions some of which have grave prognosis and need immediate intervention. We report a case in which extensive gas was found within the hepatic portal venous and mesenteric vessels in a patient with gastric distention secondary to a bezoar. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: The patient was a 53 year old male with a history of schizophrenia, maintained on psychiatric medications, who presented with complaints of vomiting and abdominal pain after binging hot dogs. Patient was found to be hypotensive, tachycardia and anemic. There was no blood noted on the rectal exam but NGT lavage produced large amounts of coffee grounds. CT abdomen displayed a distended stomach, extensive portal venous air, foci of air in multiple mesenteric vessels with dilated small bowel loops (C). Patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy which showed viable bowel without ischemia or incarceration. Subsequent EGD performed for hematemesis showed an ulcerating mass lesion starting in the cardia and extending into the gastric fundus (A). Biopsy revealed squamous epithelium with food particles and without malignant cells. Of note, the patient had an EGD two months prior and no mass was noted. Patient symptoms improved with NGT decompression and metoclopramide. Repeat CT showed complete resolution of previous findings (D) while repeat EGD revealed no mass lesion. With gastric distention and motility improvement all of the patients concerning findings had resolved. DISCUSSION: It has been postulated that disruption in mucosal integrity, intraluminal pressure and intestinal microflora contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic venous gas. It is most commonly associated with bowel necrosis and very few case reports exist of a bezoar causing such findings. Bezoars can cause gastrointestinal complications like bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction or perforation. Our patient was on psychiatric medications which is known to cause slowing of gastric motility thus leading to the development of the gastric bezoar and gastric dilation. We believe that this resulted in an increase in intra-luminal pressure thus leading to the development of hepatic portal venous and mesenteric gas. This case illustrates not only how a bezoar can lead to bleeding and diffuse portal venous air but how history and prior records can help avoid unnecessary work up.Figure 1.: Ulcerating mass lesion starting in the cardia and extending into the gastric fundus.Figure 2.: Extensive portal venous air, foci of air in multiple mesenteric vessels with dilated small bowel loops.Figure 3.: Complete resolution of air in the portal and mesenteric vessels after disappearance of mass in the cardia.

Extraction Procedure and Cyclic Voltammetry Assay for Detection of Monosodium Glutamate from Different Processed Food Sources

In this paper, the possibility of direct electrochemical detection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) from food products by the means of cyclic voltammetry is studied. There are four types of processed food included in this study: bologna sausage, frankfurter hot dogs, hot dogs with cheese, and vegetable soup concentrate cubes. The article describes the procedure of MSG extraction from these products. The MSG (as L-glutamic acid) content was precisely determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometry kit provided by Megazyme. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were performed using three types of screen printed electrodes having carbon, gold or platinum as working electrode. The results show signal appearance for MSG, so qualitative possibility of MSG presence identification; in the case of DRP-110 carbon electrode, the linear correlation between cathodic peak current and MSG concentration suggests the possibility of optimization and use of CV for MSG determination for food industry.

Toxicological Properties of Artificial Pyrethroid Cypermethrin

The difference between artificial pyrethroid preparations from other chemical agents is that they selectively affect pests, and also cause rapid decay in the external environment, which is less toxic to hot dogs. One of the representatives of this group is the drug cypermethrin, which is produced in our own chemical industry, in particular at the Navoi electrochemical plant, and is used in veterinary practice.

Negligible Oleandrin Content of Hot Dogs Cooked on Nerium oleander Skewers.

The Nerium oleander plant contains cardenolides that may cause human poisoning when ingested. A long-standing belief holds that it is possible to be poisoned by eating hot dogs or other foods cooked on Nerium oleander branch skewers. Oleandrin levels in frankfurters cooked on fresh and dry Nerium oleander skewers were measured. Hot dogs were cooked separately on either dried or fresh oleander branch skewers using a disposable charcoal grill. The hot dogs were then frozen and transported to an analytical laboratory where oleandrin content was measured via liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). The oleandrin content of hot dogs cooked on dried and fresh skewers did not exceed 343ng and 701ng, respectively. Hot dogs cooked on Nerium oleander skewers contain a negligible amount of oleandrin with respect to that sufficient to cause human poisoning. Reports of poisonings occurring in this manner are most likely the result of an urban myth.

Hot Dogs, Hungry Bears, and Wolves Running Out of Mountain—International Wildlife Law and the Effects of Climate Change on Large Carnivores

The world’s largest predators, like their prey species and biodiversity at large, face increasing impacts from climate change, in addition to various other threats. Such climate impacts include the shrinking and disruption of habitat (e.g., polar bear, wolverine); range shifts, especially upslope (e.g., snow leopard, Ethiopian wolf) and poleward (e.g., golden jackal); reduced availability of key resources as water becomes scarcer and prey populations suffer from extreme weather, disease or other climate-related impacts (e.g., Gobi bear, cheetah); and increased human–wildlife conflict, when large carnivores progressively range beyond protected areas (e.g., African wild dog), or when climate change makes their ranges more suitable for livestock (e.g., lion). The aforementioned and many other large carnivore species are protected under global and/or regional legal instruments for wildlife conservation, such as the Bonn Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), the Algiers and Maputo Conventions on African Nature Conservation, and the Bern Convention on European Wildlife Conservation. We view current international wildlife law through the lens of the aforementioned scenarios and, as it were, through the eyes of the wildlife species involved, and attempt to assess to what extent the law is ‘climate change proof’ in terms of being prepared for said scenarios. Our analysis indicates, first, that most of the climate adaptation measures that seem necessary—concerning protected areas, connectivity, counteracting climate impacts, and addressing non-climate threats—can in principle be achieved by fully and properly implementing the law as it stands. Second, it appears that the facilitation of range shifts beyond historic ranges still calls for some serious attention and resourceful interpretation. Third, it seems that particularly significant hurdles have yet to be overcome before the law is properly attuned to facilitating managed relocation (assisted colonization) where necessary.

Hot Dust-obscured Galaxies with Excess Blue Light

Abstract Hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are among the most luminous galaxies in the universe. Powered by highly obscured, possibly Compton-thick, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), Hot DOGs are characterized by spectral energy distributions that are very red in the mid-infrared yet dominated by the host galaxy stellar emission in the UV and optical. An earlier study identified a subsample of Hot DOGs with significantly enhanced UV emission. One target, W0204–0506, was studied in detail and, based on Chandra observations, it was concluded that the enhanced emission was most likely due to either extreme unobscured star formation (star formation rate &gt; 1000 M ⊙ yr−1) or to light from the highly obscured AGN scattered by gas or dust into our line of sight. Here, we present a follow-up study of W0204–0506 as well as two more Hot DOGs with excess UV emission. For the two new objects we obtained Chandra/ACIS-S observations, and for all three targets we obtained Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 F555W and F160W imaging. The analysis of these observations, combined with multiwavelength photometry and UV/optical spectroscopy suggests that UV emission is most likely dominated by light from the central highly obscured, hyperluminous AGN that has been scattered into our line of sight, by either gas or dust. We cannot decisively rule out, however, that star formation or a second AGN in the system may significantly contribute to the UV excess of these targets.

Cold molecular gas and free–free emission from hot, dust-obscured galaxies at z ∼ 3

ABSTRACT We report on observations of redshifted CO(1–0) line emission and observed-frame $\rm \sim 30\,$GHz radio continuum emission from five ultra-luminous, mid-IR selected hot, Dust-Obscured Galaxies (Hot DOGs) at $z\rm \gtrsim 3$ using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We detect CO(1–0) line emission in all five Hot DOGs, with one of them at high signal-to-noise ratio. We analyse FIR-radio spectral energy distributions, including dust, free–free, and synchrotron emission for the galaxies. We find that most of the $\rm 115\,$ GHz rest-frame continuum is mostly due to synchrotron or free–free emission, with only a potentially small contribution from thermal emission. We see a deficit in the rest-frame $\rm 115\,$ GHz continuum emission compared to dusty star-forming galaxies and sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) at high redshift, suggesting that Hot DOGs do not have similar cold gas reserves compared with star-forming galaxies. One target, W2305−0039, is detected in the FIRST $\rm 1.4\, GHz$ survey, and is likely to possess compact radio jets. We compare to the FIR–radio correlation, and find that at least half of the Hot DOGs in our sample are radio-quiet with respect to normal galaxies. These findings suggest that Hot DOGs have comparably less cold molecular gas than star-forming galaxies at lower, $z\rm \sim 2$ redshifts, and are dominated by powerful, yet radio-quiet AGN.