Hostile Behavior Research Articles

Maternal aggressive behavior in interactions with adolescent offspring: Proximal social-cognitive predictors in depressed and nondepressed mothers.

Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with elevations in harsh parenting behavior, including criticism, negative affect, and hostile or coercive behavior, and these behaviors contribute to associations between maternal depressive symptomatology and child functioning. We used multilevel survival analysis to examine social-cognitive processes as proximal predictors of the onset and offset of maternal aggressive behavior during interactions with their adolescent children. Low-income women (N = 180) were selected for either: (a) elevated depressive symptoms and a history of treatment for depression (depressed group) or (b) not more than mild levels of current depressive symptomatology, no history of depression treatment, and no current mental health treatment (nondepressed group). These women and their adolescent children (ages 11-14, M = 12.93; 96 male sex, as assigned at birth) participated in a dyadic problem-solving interaction and mothers completed a video-mediated recall procedure, in which they watched a segment of the interaction, labeled their adolescents' affect, and made attributions for their behavior. Mothers in the depressed group were more likely to initiate aggressive behavior and, once initiated, were less likely to transition out of it. Mothers in both groups were less likely to transition out of aggressive behavior when they made negative attributions for their adolescents' behavior. Findings point to promising cognitive and behavioral targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological Safety Effects on Knowledge Sharing in Project Teams

This article investigates the impact of abusive supervision in causing the loss of psychological safety, which in turn impacts knowledge-sharing among project team members. Moderation and moderated mediation of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the direct and indirect relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge sharing is also tested. Using a multiwave and multisource survey, data are collected from 239 subordinate–supervisor dyads in Indian project organizations. Our research results suggest that employees with abusive leaders suffer a loss of psychological safety which in turn demotivates knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, the effects of abusive supervision on knowledge sharing are moderated by PsyCap such that the negative impact is alleviated by high PsyCap. Most significantly, the moderated mediation findings show that the mediated relationship is contingent on the level of PsyCap, such that the negative influence of hostile behaviors of supervisors on knowledge sharing via psychological safety is attenuated by low PsyCap. The findings of the study suggest that organizations should invest time and effort in preventing abusive supervision in the workplace and enhancing psychological safety. Clear policies, well-developed communication systems, and active involvement of employees go a long way in building a psychologically safe working environment. Given the importance of PsyCap in influencing psychological safety and knowledge sharing, organizations should pay attention to screening for personal resources in addition to knowledge, skills, and abilities. As a personal resource, PsyCap is malleable and firms may invest in developing employees’ PsyCap resources.

The mediating role of emotional eating in the relationship between aggression and eating attitudes

Aims: Negative emotions and thoughts are known to be associated with eating problems. In recent years, strong relationships have been established between disordered eating attitudes and aggression, which are important in the growth of increasing eating disorders. This article examines the mediatory role of emotional eating in the relationship between aggression and disordered eating attitudes in adult individuals. 
 Methods: The study included 293 participants, including 70 males and 223 females, accessed through a convenience sampling method. In the study, participants completed the Demographic Information Form, the Eating Attitude Test, the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale, and the Turkish Emotional Eating Scale. 
 Results: Participants with disordered eating attitudes and emotional eating were found to have significantly higher average aggression scores than participants with healthy eating attitudes and without emotional eating. There has been a positive significant relationship between hostility and emotional eating and between hostility and disordered eating attitudes. The results of the structural equation model showed that among the types of aggression, only hostility and all disordered eating attitudes (preoccupation with eating, restriction, social pressure) played an instrumental role in the relationship. 
 Conclusion: Hostility and emotional eating behavior should be addressed in different preventive studies and intervention programs in which disordered eating attitudes seem in the fields of both mental health and health sciences.

Stigmatized attitudes of medical staff toward people who use drugs and their determinants in Japanese medical facilities specialized in addiction treatment.

Stigma within healthcare settings significantly impact the lives of people who use drugs (PWUD). Given the lack of quantitative data on stigma toward PWUD in healthcare settings and the unknown factors that contribute to it in the Japanese context, this study aimed to investigate the current status of stigma toward PWUD and its determinants. We conducted a survey in five specialized addiction medical facilities across three prefectures in Japan. The survey included questions related to stigmatizing attitudes toward PWUD, knowledge about illicit drug use, and personal and professional interactions with PWUD. A substantial portion of respondents rejected the notion that drug addiction can be overcome through sheer willpower or attributed it solely to moral failings. However, the majority still considered them untrustworthy and viewing drug use as unacceptable and incomprehensible. Many respondents perceived PWUD as dangerous, despite the limited occurrence of hostile behavior from PWUD in clinical practice. A considerable proportion of respondents did not seek support for their own or their relatives' drug-related issues, and less than half had collaborated with recovered PWUD, which serves as potential indicators of reduced stigma. While healthcare professionals recognized that involving law enforcement does not contribute to the recovery of PWUD, a considerable number still believed it was necessary to report them to the authorities. Healthcare professionals in specialized addiction medical facilities demonstrate strong stigmatizing attitudes toward PWUD. Comprehensive educational programs and large-scale awareness campaigns are necessary to address and mitigate stigma in this context.

Konflik Sosial Dalam Novel Rembulan Tenggelam Di Wajahmu Karya Tere Liye: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra

This research uses the literary object of the novel entitled Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye. This research is motivated by several social conflicts that usually occur in society, both those that are going through and that have already been passed. The formulation of the problem in this research is how social conflict is in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye. The social conflicts in the novel include realistic conflicts, non-realistic conflicts and the positive function of social conflict. The aim of this research is to describe the social conflict in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literary sociology approach through Lewis A. Coser's social conflict theory which is used to discover social conflict. The data collection technique in this research uses documentation techniques. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an analysis of social conflict in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye: A Sociological Study of Literature which consists of 1) The concept of social conflict of the characters in the form of realistic conflict with elements of Hostile feeling and Hostile behavior and non-realistic conflicts are dominated by realistic conflicts because the conflicts in the novel mostly occur between two people and without the element of revenge.

The Mediating Role of Parenting Style in the Relationship between Parents' Openness to Different Ways of Thinking and Child Anxiety.

The quality of parent-child relationships plays a significant role in the development of child anxiety, especially regarding aspects of parental control, intrusive behavior, and a lack of warmth. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of these parenting behaviors that are associated with the risk of child anxiety have yet to be revealed. The present study aims to examine the contribution of a cognitive aspect of parenting, i.e., openness to different ways of thinking, to the development of child anxiety through its impact on parenting style. A sample of 300 Israeli parents (72% women) over the age of 18 (M = 38.8, SD = 6.2), with at least one child over the age of 6 (M = 13.3, SD = 5.5 of oldest child), was recruited through social media platforms. Participants provided demographic information and filled out self-reported questionnaires dealing with child anxiety (using the Child Behavior Checklist), openness to different ways of thinking (using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and parenting style (using the Parental Behavior Inventory). The analysis confirmed the mediation role of hostile/coercive parenting style in the association between parental openness to different ways of thinking and child anxiety. However, the association between supportive/engaged parenting and child anxiety was non-significant. Apparently, openness to different ways of thinking allows for parents to consolidate parenting that does not resort to coercive and hostile behaviors, control, obedience, and severe strictness. As a result, the child develops self-regulation and coping mechanisms that reduce the risk for developing anxiety.

Empowerment Through Feminist Self-Defense: The IMPACT Lasts.

What do women learn in feminist self-defense that is empowering? This study examined the skills women used months and years after completing an IMPACT self-defense course. Ninety-seven survey participants described skills they had used and incorporated into their lives. The major themes that emerged through a classic grounded theory analysis were awareness, boundary setting, assertive body language, and managing adrenaline to prevent, interrupt, or stop uncomfortable, intrusive, or hostile behaviors. IMPACT-trained women did not engage in self-blaming or risky behavior and used their skills to prevent and interrupt aggressive behavior.

Representing Online Hostility against Women

Representing Online Hostility against Women

Examination of the Relationship Between the Virtual Bullying Awareness Levels and Communication Skills of Primary School Teachers

Cyberbullying is by an individual or a group by using resources such as e-mail, smart phone, pagers, short message services (SMS) and websites, Information and Communication technologies in order to harm a person; intentional, repetitive hostile behavior. When the literature is examined; it is seen that cyberbullying behaviors are carried out with the aim of intentionally harming, peer pressure, negative family-friendship relations, aggression, taking revenge for harming, and making the target person do an action that they do not want to do. According to the results of a study in which the percentage of performing cyberbullying behaviors was determined; According to the results of the study conducted with 160 adolescents between the ages of 14-18 in Türkiye; it has been determined that the rate of exposure to cyberbullying of young people is 83% and the severity of this rate is emphasized. When the negative effects of cyberbullying on the psychology of individuals, especially young people, are examined in the long term, depression and depression, fear and/or embarrassment of people, a constantly warned state, avoiding virtual environments and technology, avoiding responsibility, use of addictive harmful substances, negative behaviors such as being away from school draw attention. Communicating with other stakeholders in education (such as school administrators, class-branch teachers, guidance teachers, families) in order to prevent children and/or young people from being exposed to the stated negative effects of cyberbullying and in this context, it is foreseen that the collaborative work to be carried out between the stakeholders can be important and effective in terms of problem solving. Awareness behaviors such as supporting students to receive safe education in an academic sense, encouraging children and young people to use the internet safely, controlling the sites and shares that children visit, and drawing attention to abnormal and aggressive behaviors they display while using technology will support the prevention of cyberbullying. In this context, determining the cyberbullying awareness levels of the specified stakeholders and organizing trainings by the relevant institutions and organizations within the scope of the findings will contribute to raising the awareness of the stakeholders on this issue. In the light of all these, the aim of this study is to determine the cyberbullying awareness levels of primary school teachers and to associate it with the dependent variable of communication skills proficiency levels. In order to serve this purpose, research was conducted with a total of 154 teachers working in primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Kars Türkiye. As a method in the research, mix method was used and the findings related to various statistical tests were revealed. It is predicted that the findings obtained in the study will contribute to the literature and researchers in order to raise awareness of cyberbullying to education stakeholders.

A cluster-based trusted routing method using fire hawk optimizer (FHO) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

Today, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are growing rapidly and provide a lot of comfort to human life. Due to the use of WSNs in various areas, like health care and battlefield, security is an important concern in the data transfer procedure to prevent data manipulation. Trust management is an affective scheme to solve these problems by building trust relationships between sensor nodes. In this paper, a cluster-based trusted routing technique using fire hawk optimizer called CTRF is presented to improve network security by considering the limited energy of nodes in WSNs. It includes a weighted trust mechanism (WTM) designed based on interactive behavior between sensor nodes. The main feature of this trust mechanism is to consider the exponential coefficients for the trust parameters, namely weighted reception rate, weighted redundancy rate, and energy state so that the trust level of sensor nodes is exponentially reduced or increased based on their hostile or friendly behaviors. Moreover, the proposed approach creates a fire hawk optimizer-based clustering mechanism to select cluster heads from a candidate set, which includes sensor nodes whose remaining energy and trust levels are greater than the average remaining energy and the average trust level of all network nodes, respectively. In this clustering method, a new cost function is proposed based on four objectives, including cluster head location, cluster head energy, distance from the cluster head to the base station, and cluster size. Finally, CTRF decides on inter-cluster routing paths through a trusted routing algorithm and uses these routes to transmit data from cluster heads to the base station. In the route construction process, CTRF regards various parameters such as energy of the route, quality of the route, reliability of the route, and number of hops. CTRF runs on the network simulator version 2 (NS2), and its performance is compared with other secure routing approaches with regard to energy, throughput, packet loss rate, latency, detection ratio, and accuracy. This evaluation proves the superior and successful performance of CTRF compared to other methods.

Feeling loved as a strong link in relationship interactions: Partners who feel loved may buffer destructive behavior by actors who feel unloved.

Feeling loved (loved, cared for, accepted, valued, understood) is inherently dyadic, yet most prior theoretical perspectives and investigations have focused on how actors feeling (un)loved shapes actors' outcomes. Adopting a dyadic perspective, the present research tested whether the established links between actors feeling unloved and destructive (critical, hostile) behavior depended on partners' feelings of being loved. Does feeling loved need to be mutual to reduce destructive behavior, or can partners feeling loved compensate for actors feeling unloved? In five dyadic observational studies, couples were recorded discussing conflicts, diverging preferences or relationship strengths, or interacting with their child (total N = 842 couples; 1,965 interactions). Participants reported how much they felt loved during each interaction and independent coders rated how much each person exhibited destructive behavior. Significant Actors' × Partners' Felt-Loved interactions revealed a strong-link/mutual felt-unloved pattern: partners' high felt-loved buffered the damaging effect of actors' low felt-loved on destructive behavior, resulting in actors' destructive behavior mostly occurring when both actors' and partners' felt-loved was low. This dyadic pattern also emerged in three supplemental daily sampling studies. Providing directional support for the strong-link/mutual felt-unloved pattern, in Studies 4 and 5 involving two or more sequential interactions, Actors' × Partners' Felt-Loved in one interaction predicted actors' destructive behavior within couples' subsequent conflict interactions. The results illustrate the dyadic nature of feeling loved: Partners feeling loved can protect against actors feeling unloved in challenging interactions. Assessing Actor × Partner effects should be equally valuable for advancing understanding of other fundamentally dyadic relationship processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A chromosome-level reference genome assembly of the Reeve’s moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii)

Due to potentially hostile behaviors and elusive habitats, moray eels (Muraenidae) as one group of apex predators in coral reefs all across the globe have not been well investigated. Here, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly for the representative Reeve’s moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii). This haplotype genome assembly is 2.17 Gb in length, and 97.87% of the sequences are anchored into 21 chromosomes. It contains 56.34% repetitive sequences and 23,812 protein-coding genes, of which 96.77% are functionally annotated. This sequenced marine species in Anguilliformes makes a good complement to the genetic resource of eel genomes. It not only provides a genetic resource for in-depth studies of the Reeve’s moray eel, but also enables deep-going genomic comparisons among various eels.

Social media as a disruptor for academic congresses

Over the past few years, social media has become integral to surgical communication, research, and patient education. Furthermore, they have revolutionized how academic congresses have been held over the past 10 years. There are several benefits resulting from social media integration in scientific meetings, such as disseminating content, increasing engagement, highlighting important messages, and educating patients and physicians. Furthermore, social media platforms provide free and equal engagement of all users; no matter the experience, the level of training, or the socioeconomic background, all participants are free to express their opinion and discuss with world-renowned experts—an opportunity that was available only for the few and privileged ones in the past. Nevertheless, when talking about social media, one must bear in mind that there is a huge variety of platforms that are not all equally used or universally accessed. Besides the benefits highlighted above, this new social media–enhanced reality has some disadvantages as well: lack of any control of content along with anonymity can sometimes lead to dangerous and hostile behaviors as well as set the playground for personal feuds, ulterior financial motives, and bullying.Furthermore, the accuracy of content could be somewhat controversial, especially when pieces of presentations are taken out of context. Violations of intellectual property and copyrights are also to be considered. Social media platforms are a great tool for enhancing academic congresses when appropriately used. It is undebatable that social media has changed how information, content, and material are shared and promoted. Nevertheless, as with everything in life, their use needs to be in “good measure”—appropriate, mindful, and respectful—so that social media can be a powerful tool instead of a dangerous weapon in inappropriate hands.

Bridging a transnational mother-daughter's relationship through a memoir

Bridging the past and present in a family is challenging, particularly if they grow up in a different culture. The hassle of life occupies most people's minds, which leads to abandoning one of the most fundamental kinships, the mother-daughter relationship. This phenomenon appears in a literary work written by Amy Tan entitled The Bonesetter's Daughter, where the protagonist acts apathetic toward her mother's willingness to preserve their family's lineage through a handwritten memoir.Reading the literary work through the lens of Memory Studies helps to understand the mother's unpleasant to hostile behaviours in the protagonist's upbringing; besides her harsh past that caused it, the daughter's obliviousness toward her mother's wishes in getting to know about her real grandmother and the history of their family heightened her disappointment. As an Asian, family ties serve as a vital source of identity and safeguard against life's challenges, and the bond is severed more due to the different communication styles.Realising the importance of reading the forgotten memoir written by her mother became the turning point of their relationship. By willingly reading the mother's memory, finally, the daughter creates a long-wished family connection.

Predicting turnover intention in Indonesian public organisations: investigating the effect of citizen and workplace incivility, and job insecurity

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of citizens' uncivil behaviours on the turnover intention of public service personnel. It tested the moderated mediation role of job insecurity and workplace incivility. The conservation of resource (COR) theory was employed to explain the public service personnel's reactions to resource loss threats and the desire to conserve the remaining resources.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal quantitative study design was used with a moderated mediation regression technique. Data were collected from 235 full-time public service personnel from five Indonesian public service organizations. The organizations included higher education, regional government institutions, and health, tourism, and transportation departments. All measures were valid and reliable for study purposes.FindingsThe citizen incivility's effect on turnover intention was mediated by job insecurity and moderated by workplace incivility. Citizen incivility positively influenced job insecurity only under high workplace incivility. Therefore, citizens' uncivil behaviours could not increase public service personnel's job insecurity and turnover intention without high workplace incivility.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on citizens' incivility as a source of social stressors in Indonesian public organizations. The findings showed that citizens' hostile behaviours impact public employees' job insecurity only through workplace incivility.

The effects of dynamic team-building intervention on internal communication in the hospitality industry in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana

The current study seeks to ascertain how dynamic team-building interventions can improve internal communication in the hospitality industry. The study surveyed 135 respondents from 15 hospitality enterprises in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana, using a communication assessment instrument. The mean organization diagnosis results suggest that the studied organizations' internal communication channels are riddled with delayed and late information delivery, vocally hostile behavior, and a culture of secrecy. As a result, with the study organizations, a dynamic team-building intervention was devised and implemented. The researchers compared the pre-team-building intervention assessment results with the post-team-building intervention assessment results to determine how they changed after the intervention. The data show that the assessment variables recorded an average mean transformation score of 1.8, which is closer to the ideal score of one (1) than the average mean assessment score of 2.4 prior to the team-building intervention. The computational results show that the dynamic team-building interventions were effective in bringing the mean value closer to the ideal score of one (1). Again, the Cohen's d test analysis result of 3.8 demonstrates that the transformation that happened as a result of the dynamic team-building intervention had a significant impact size. Based on the findings, options for dynamic team-building interventions to improve the efficacy of teams in the hotel industry are provided.

Evaluation of aggression level in adolescent girls with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

In patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), virilization affects the brain and external genitalia due to antenatal androgen exposure. There are few studies on how the effects of androgens on brain virilization are reflected in behavior. However, there is no study focused on the adolescence period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of aggression in adolescent girls with classical CAH (due to 21 hydroxylase and 11β hydroxylase deficiency) and to investigate the disease-related factors that may affect aggression. Twenty female and 20 male patients aged 13-20 years, diagnosed with classical CAH, with 21 hydroxylase deficiency and 11β hydroxylase deficiency, and 20 healthy girls and 20 boys from the same age group were included. The Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BPAS), which consists of four subgroups measuring physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, and angry behaviors, was used. The ages of the male and female patients with CAH were 16.30 ± 2.65 and 16.60 ± 2.41 years, respectively. Total aggression scale scores were 73.3 ± 14.6 in adolescent girls with CAH, 74.1 ± 11.2 in healthy girls, 71.5 ± 14.8 in boys with CAH, and 75.3 ± 14.5 in healthy boys (p > .05). There was no difference between the subscale scores of patients and healthy adolescents. Aggression scores in adolescents with CAH increased significantly with age. In this study, we found no difference between the aggression scores of adolescents with classical CAH compared to their healthy peers. The total aggression score and subscale were similar in unaffected female adolescents.

Fungicidal and plant growth-promoting traits of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, an endophyte from Andrographis paniculata.

Fungal endophytes are widespread and dwell inside plant cells for at least part of their life without producing any symptoms of infection. Distinct host plants may have different fungal endophyte rates and community compositions. Despite this, the endophytic fungi connected with the host plant and their hostile behaviors, remain unknown. The objective of the current research was to isolate and identify endophytic fungal species from the root of Andrographis paniculata. The effects of fungal isolate APR5 on the mycelial growth of phytopathogens and the production of plant-promoting traits were assessed. Endophytic fungal isolate APR5 showed higher inhibitory efficacy in dual and double plate assay against the tested phytopathogenic fungi. The scanning electron microscope analysis demonstrated that the phytopathogenic fungal hyphae were coiled by endophytes which makes them shrink and disintegrate. Further, an ethyl acetate crude extract effectively suppressed the mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia solani by 75 ± 0.1% in an agar well diffusion assay. The fungal isolate APR5 was identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae using the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and qualitatively evaluated for their capacity to produce plant growth-promoting hormones. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was implemented to acquire a preliminary understanding of the secondary metabolic profile of ethyl acetate crude extract. 1-octadecene, erythritol, niacin, oleic acid, phenol, pantolactone, phenyl ethyl alcohol, p-cresol, and tbutyl hydroquinone are the metabolites analyzed in a crude extract of APR5 isolate and are reported to have antimicrobial properties.

Does employees’ gender matter? Investigating the indirect effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity through job insecurity in Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of abusive supervision on employees’ creativity through the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of subordinate gender in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from various sources using online recruitment methods. The abusive supervision scale, job insecurity scale and employee creativity scale were the three measures in this study. Participants completed a three-wave data collection procedure using an online survey platform. After removing participants with incomplete and careless responses, the final data set contained 515 usable responses.FindingsThe results suggested that the negative effect of abusive supervision on employees’ creativity was mediated by job insecurity, and employees’ gender moderated this adverse effect. Gender roles shaped how employees respond to their leader’s hostile behaviours. In Indonesia, abusive supervision increased employees’ job insecurity and consequently reduced their creativity. However, the damage was more profound for the male employees than the female employees.Practical implicationsGender role theory and perspectives are essential in explaining leader–employee interactions and must be included in leadership strategies. Also, support and resources must be provided equally for both male and female employees. However, more attention must be given to male employees to ensure their security working in organisations. Finally, some interventions are necessary to mitigate the effect of abusive supervision.Originality/valueThis study offers insight into how male and female employees, in a traditional gender role culture like Indonesia, respond to their leader’s abusive behaviours.

Gender bias and 'doctor brides'. A social dilemma of medical students in Pakistan.

To assess gender bias, discrimination and bullying at medical schools, and to explore the phenomenon of 'doctor brides'. The multicentre survey was conducted at 14 medical education institutions across Pakistan from September 2020 to April 2021, and comprised medical students of either gender at both public-sector and private-sector institutions. The survey questions explored beliefs, experiences and knowledge related to common stereotypes and social issues in medical education, including female role models, work-life balance, gender roles, lack of support from family and faculty, and bullying. Association between gender with survey variables was explored. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Thematic analysis was used to exploring knowledge around 'doctor-brides'. Of the 377 subjects, 245(65%) were females. The overall mean age was 21.4±1.8 years. There were 211(53.8%) subjects aged 21-23 years, and 368(97.6%) were Muslims. Significantly more women than men were of the opinion that men are encouraged and are more likely to assume leadership roles (p=0.002). More women than males agreed that household chores and work had an impact on speciality choice (p<0.001). Most sexual assault victims were women (p<0.0001), but men generally faced more bullying and hostile behaviour (p=0.014). With regard to women being forced to quit medicine after marriage/childbirth by their in-laws/husbands or change their careers from clinical medicine to preclinical teaching, 99(26.25%) subjects knew first-hand of such cases, while 238(63.12%) had no such experience to share. Gender bias, discriminatory behaviour and bullying were found to be widely prevalent in medical schools across Pakistan. The general perception of 'doctor brides' needs to be revisited.