OPD Of Hospital Research Articles

FEV1 (FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN THE 1ST SECOND) REVERSIBILITY AFTER NEBULISATION WITH SABA (SHORT ACTING BETA AGONIST) AS A MARKER OF CONTROL OF ASTHMA

INTRODUCTION: Variable expiratory airow due to bronchoconstriction, airway wall thickening and increased mucus is an obvious feature in asthma. Variable airow obstruction is evidenced by reversibility of FEV1 following a bronchodilator inhalation. PFT (Pulmonary Function Testing) using spirometry is often used for the estimation of FEV1. Reversibility is not uniform in all cases and vary with respect to severity and control of asthma. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine the control of asthma in 5-15-year-old children using GINA checklist and estimate FEV1 before and after SABA nebulisation. 2) To nd out the association between FEV1 reversibility and control of asthma. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 90 consecutive 5-15-year-old-children with a clinical diagnosis of asthma attending the Paediatric OPD of a teaching hospital from October-May 2021. The symptoms, signs, comorbidities, treatment, compliance and assessment of control of asthma into 2 subgroups: Well-controlled and Partly-controlled/Uncontrolled asthma, as per GINA 2020 were recorded. All were subjected to spirometry for assessment of FEV1 before and 20 minutes after nebulisation with SABA. Depending upon FEV1, they were grouped as those with >12% reversibility and <12% reversibility. Data analysed using SPSS 20.0, Paired t test for comparison of means, Chi-square test for statistical difference in proportion, and post hoc tests. The RESULTS: M:F ratio was 1.2:1, 52.2% were 10-15 years and 47.8% 5-10 years. 68.9% had partly/uncontrolled, the rest well-controlled asthma (38.1%). The difference between mean FEV1 before (67.9±10.6) and after nebulisation (80.6±9.7) was statistically signicant (p<0.00*). Among those with >12 reversibility, 64.5% were in partly/uncontrolled and 35.5% in well-controlled asthma and the difference was statistically signicant (p -0.013*). The CONCLUSION: nding in the study that 68.9% had partly/uncontrolled asthma is an eye-opener to optimise protocol-based treatment among children. The statistically signicant difference of >12% before and after nebulisation a marker of poor control was observed in 64.5% of partly/uncontrolled asthma compared to 35.5% of well controlled asthma. Hence, the persistence of a signicant degree of bronchodilator response noted in those with partly/uncontrolled asthma is recommended as an objective surrogate of poor asthma control in children who can co-operate for a PFT in order to optimise protocol-based treatment.

CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders in India. Reduced production of thyroid hormone is central feature of clinical state termed as “hypothyroidism”. Iodine deciency remains a common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. In areas of iodine sufciency, autoimmune disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and iatrogenic causes (treatment of hyperthyroidism) are most common. By denition, subclinical hypothyroidism refers to biochemical evidence of thyroid hormone deciency in patients who have few or no apparent clinical features of hypothyroidism. Subclinical Hypothyroidism is an asymptomatic state in which reduction in thyroid activity is compensated by elevated thyroid stimulating hormone to maintain euthyroid state. Evidence seems to indicate subclinical hypothyroidism is quite prevalent in presumably normal population. Subclinical hypothyroidism is found in 6–8% of women (10% over the age of 60) and 3% of men8. Prevalence increases with age. Methods- This was an observational study done in medical college and hospital. The study was carried out in the duration of 2 years. All OPD and IPD patients of Hospital, diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism, during this period, who fullled the inclusion criteria, were included in this study. This study included 54 newly diagnosed patients with subclinical hypothyroidism attending Hospital. Results- In this study maximum patients belong to age group ranging from 18-30 (33.33%). Next to it is age group involving 31-40 (31.48%). While least number of patients comes in age group ranging from 61-70 (9.26%) . Female (74.07%) preponderance compared to males (25.93%). With male having (25.93%). Male to Female ratio is 1:3. Showing female predominance in hypothyroidism. Conclusion- Quite a signicant number of patients were in the prehypertension group. Various life style modications can be advised to prevent them from going to stage I hypertension. Skin changes, Facial pufness, Hoarseness of Voice, cold intolerance, limbs swelling and weight gain these are the symptoms in decreasing order in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism

Phocomelia: rare birth abnormality

A 2-year-old male patient came to OPD of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Center, with complaint of underdeveloped right hand. On examination it is short in length compared to normal and there is also an absence of radius and ulna bones. Based on clinical features the provisional diagnosis phocomelia was made. The upper and/or lower limbs may be affected by this uncommon birth abnormality. The bones of the affected limb are either absent or underdeveloped in those who have this disorder. As a result, the limb is drastically reduced in length, and in extreme cases, the hand or foot may even be directly connected to the trunk. The illness might affect only one limb or both the upper and lower limbs. The root cause of phocomelia is frequently not well understood. It might be passed down through a genetic condition. The use of some medications by the mother during pregnancy, such as thalidomide, can also result in phocomelia. There is no specific treatment for phocomelia. However, if it is part of a genetic syndrome, surgical intervention may be recommended for associated malformations. In addition, to meet the unique requirements of a child with phocomelia, parents, caregivers, and people with phocomelia alike are encouraged to seek professional therapy and prosthesis. It may be extremely helpful under any emotional and psychological strain of raising a differently-abled child.

COMPARISION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL HOME-BASED EXERCISE VERSUS RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON GRIP STRENGTH AND HAND FUNCTIONS IN ELDERLY POPULATION

Background of the study: In people aged 20-29 years old, average grip strength is 46 kg for men and 29kg for women. This decrease to 39 kg-23kg by the time when people reach 60 – 69 years of age. Aim & objective of the study is to study the comparative effects of multidimensional home-based exercise Vs resistance exercise to improve grip strength and hand functions in elderly population. Methodology: This experimental study of comparative type (pre and post) with 30 subjects the study was carried out at ACS medical college and hospital OPD for four weeks after the approval from institution of review board (IRB). there are selected for the study after getting consent for participation. the subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and they assigned into two groups by simple randomized sampling method. The Group A (multidimensional home-based exercise) consists of 15 and the Group B (resistance exercise) consists of 15, the hand-held dynamometer is used as outcome measures. Result: Comparative study between Group A and Group B showed significant difference found in effectiveness in Right, Left hand power with P value <0.0001 on hand grip among elderly people. Conclusion: Comparative study between Group A and Group B showed significant difference found in effectiveness in Right, Left hand power with P value <0.0001 on hand grip among elderly people. Group B found more significant compare with Group A with mean difference of 4.800, 5.34 respectively on right and left hand by resisted exercise on hand grip among elderly people.

Opportunistic Screening for Raised Blood Sugar and Diagnosing Prediabetes and Diabetes among Patients Coming for Eye, ENT Consultation: A Descriptive Study

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a pandemic of public health importance, and prediabetes has also emerged as a major public health concern. Unfortunately, one-third of individuals with diabetes are identified only after developing complications, and nearly three-fourths are unaware of their raised blood sugar status. Opportunistic screening at an earlier stage has good prognosis. The study aimed at an opportunistic screening of raised plasma glucose levels of outpatients and diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes among them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting an Eye ENT hospital in Bhaktapur, Nepal, between January to December 2019. Outpatients aged 40-79 years with unknown history of diabetes were invited for free hyperglycemia screening. Descriptive analysis was computed for patients participating in random plasma glucose (RPG) screening and patients coming for definitive tests for diabetes with elevated RPG levels. RESULTS: Amongst 6,913 outpatients, 14.9% had RPG levels of 140 mg/dL and higher. Among 159 patients with RPG levels 140 mg/dL and higher, 40.9% had prediabetes, and 32.7% had diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Opportunistic screening in hospital OPD settings is feasible to identify people at risk of hyperglycemia. Timely detection of a silent killer - diabetes and prediabetes can be useful for early intervention and preventing complications.

A study on patient satisfaction in the outpatient department of a secondary care public hospital

Introduction: Healthcare scenario is fast changing all over the world. Health as a fundamental right, is gaining popularity over the last few decades and it has become a social goal. Patient satisfaction is one of the established parameters to measure success of the healthcare services that are provided in the hospitals. There are high expectations and demands from consumers because of improved socio-economic status and easy accessibility to healthcare. Successful monitoring of customer’s perception has become a simple but important strategy. The measurement of patient satisfaction is an important tool for research, administration, and planning. Objective of the study: · To study the level of satisfaction among OPD Patients · To find out the level of satisfaction among the patients regarding the behaviour of the hospital staff · To analyse the perception of patients about cleanliness in the OPD of the hospital · To find out the perception of patients about diagnostic services in the OPD of the hospital. Methodology · Study design- Cross-sectional study · Study population- The target population of this study included patients who had utilized health services at the OPD of a secondary care public hospital in Month of July 2021. · Sample size- A sample of 100 out-door patients had been taken on random basis. · Study Settings- Study had been conducted in a secondary care public hospital, Bhojpuri, Bihar,India. · Tools of Data Collection- The data had been collected by interviewing patients who had utilized health services in out-patient services (OPD). Conclusion: The study concludes the overall patient satisfaction of government hospital. The results depicted in the study are highly alarming. A government hospital with such potential cannot sustain with such dissatisfying patients. The management needs to take necessary steps in order to repair its deteriorating image in the public domain.

Effect of Yashtimadhu Suppository with Cocoa Butter Base in the Pain Management of Parikartika

Parikartika is one of the common ano-rectal anomalies observed in clinical practise. In Ayurveda Samhitas, this condition is mostly mentioned as an Upadrava of Grahani, Atisara, Arshas and as Vamanavirechanavyapat. ‘Kartanavatvedhana’ is described as predominant symptom of Parikartika which means cutting type of pain in the anus. As per the description of signs and symptoms, Parikartika can be co-related to fissure-in ano in modern contexts. Yashtimadhu is the most widely used drug for Parikartika. Acharya Susruta has mentioned the drug Yashtimadhu in Trividhakarma Adhyaya in post-operative pain management and in treatment for Parikartika in Vamana virechana vyapat. Yashtimadhu in the form of Thaila and Ghrita are commonly used. Here, Yashtimadhuchurna was used to prepare a suppository with cocoa butter as its base for the management of Parikartika. Objectives: The objective of the clinical study is to evaluate any difference in the efficacy of Yashtimadhu suppository in treating Parikartika. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as an open labelled, randomized, single arm clinical study. 40 Patients who are fulfilling the inclusion, exclusion, diagnostic criteria and complying with the informed consent was selected from OPD and IPD of Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Ayurveda College and Hospital [IEC NO- IEC/ SJSACH/ 09/2021, CTRI NO- CTRI/2021/07/035252]. Case proforma was prepared with all the appropriate details of the patient along with history and physical, rectal examination was done to diagnose Parikartika. Relevant laboratory investigations were performed. Yashtimadhu suppository was given twice per day for about 14 days to 40 patients along with 4 follow-ups once a week for one month after the treatment i.e., 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th day. The subjective parameter was pain and objective parameter were ulceration, sphincter tone. Grading was done according to the specified assessment criteria and was statistically analysed. Results: On completion of the study, statistical analysis was done on the data collected. The intervention, Yashtimadhu suppository showed significant difference in the outcome.

Stress and Coping among Perimenopausal Women

Introductions: Perimenopause is a transitional stage to menopause. Women may experience greater severity of perimenopausal symptoms associated with an increased level of stress. Experience of perimenopausal symptoms will have a direct effect on how women cope with stress. Aim: To identify stress and coping among perimenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at gynecological and female OPD of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur among 379 perimenopausal women by purposive sampling. Participants were interviewed using Modified Perceived Stress Scale to measure subjective stress perceptions and Modified Brief COPE Inventory to measure specific coping behavior. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, and chi-square were calculated for stress and coping. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between stress and coping. Results: More than half 207 (54.62%) of the perimenopausal women experienced low, 134 (35.35%) experienced moderate, and only 38 (10.03%) experienced high stress level. Among them 334 (88.13%) used problem-focused, 324 (85.49%) used emotion-focused, and 310 (81.80%) used dysfunctional coping in high level. There were significantly weak negative correlation of stress with problem-focused (r = -.132, p = .010) and emotion-focused (r=-.248, p=0.00) coping. Conclusion: More than half of the perimenopausal women experienced low stress. The mostly used coping method was problem-focused coping. Women going through perimenopause should be offered education and support for all aspects of this. Stress reduction interventional programs should be designed at community levels. Keywords: coping, perimenopausal women, stress.

Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Stress Level and Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise on Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients Attending Bule Hora Hospital OPD in Bule Hora Town, West Gujji Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Stress Level and Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise on Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients Attending Bule Hora Hospital OPD in Bule Hora Town, West Gujji Zone, Southern Ethiopia

A study to evaluate the effect of gymnema sylvestre in mother tincture and 50 millisimal doses on diabetes mellitus - type-2

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion, insulin inaction or both and insulin resistance. People living with Type-2 DM are more vulnerable to various forms of both short-term and long-term complications, which often lead to their premature death. Gymnema sylvestre, in various homoeopathic preparations, have reported beneficial effect for treating in Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Aim and Objective: To understand the efficacy of Gymnema sylvestre in 50milisimal potency and in mother tincture on diabetes mellitus Type-2 patients. Method: This prospective, open label, randomized controlled trial was conducted at OPD and IPD of Government Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal and camps organized by department. A total 60 nos. of patients were enrolled for this study considering all ethical criteria and inclusion and exclusion criteria’s as per institutional guidelines with 30 cases allotted randomly to GSMT and LM group. Data were recorded on standard case proforma, and entered Microsoft® Excel worksheet 2019, and exported into SPSS v21. 0 (IBM, USA) for statistical analysis. Each case was followed up for a period of six months and outcome were assessed on QOLID scale. Normality of data was determined using Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed variables were compared between two groups using independent t-test. Comparison within a group at two time-intervals was made using paired t-test. P value

Queuing Dynamics and Beneficiary Satisfaction in The OPD Of a Tertiary Care Centre in Bankura, West Bengal

Context/Background: Queuing, a major problem faced by beneficiaries availing services in public health care system, may also have influence on the level of satisfaction among beneficiaries. Aims/Objectives: To describe the queuing dynamics in the OPD, to explore different factors influencing the level of satisfaction among the beneficiaries and their perception regarding possible ways to improve the queuing situation. Methodology: A hospital-based analytical study was conducted in an OPD of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, among 202 beneficiaries. Data were collected from subjects, selected from random queue in total 30 shifts (30 minutes each) on different working days, using predesigned, pretested, questionnaire. Results: Queuing dynamics revealed utilization factor of 75%, while 25% probability of the system being idle. Only 39.1% of the subjects were satisfied with the service in Paediatric OPD, in context of waiting in queue. MLR revealed subjects waiting in queue for a duration ≤ 1 hour and those with > 4 minutes consultation time were found to be more satisfied. Conclusions: Considering variable consultation time, arrival and service rates at the OPDs and resources, a well-planned system can minimize the waiting time and thus improve the level of satisfaction among the beneficiaries.

Determine the Functional Limitations in Activities of Daily Living Through Short Physical Performance Battery Test Among Asthmatic Adults

Background: To determine the functional restrictions in functional activities of daily lives in middle aged asthmatic adults and association of BMI with limitations in their daily life activities. Method: An observational cross sectional study was carried out at pulmonology opd of Shalamar hospital. A sample of 36 diagnosed asthmatic adults of middle aged with moderate to severe allergic asthma was taken. A Purposive sampling technique was used to conduct the study. Prediction of functional limitations in everyday activities through Short Physical Performance Battery test was determined. Three series of tests named balance test, gait speed test, repeated chair stand test were conducted which were the part of short physical performance battery test. Each test scored 4 and there was the total of 12 score. Those subjects who had less than 10 score were at risk of limitations in their daily life activities in future. Result: Sample of 30 participants were included for this study from age 35 to 55. Out of which 13 participants were of normal weight with BMI of less than 23.9 and 17 were overweight with the BMI ranges from 24.0 to 30.0. Participants with greater BMI were at the high risk of mortality. The results showed that the 13 subjects were overweight had the high risk of mortality, 13 had the risk of functional limitations in activities of daily living and 4 had the good functional status. There was statistical difference between the BMI and Short Physical Performance Battery test score. (P value= 0.001) Conclusion: This study concluded that middle aged asthmatic adults with moderate allergic asthma had greater risk of functional limitations and high risk of mortality due to the disease effect. This study also showed that the predictive value of functional limitations was more pronounced in females with greater BMI than males. Keywords: Allergic asthma, Activities of daily living, Functional Limitations, Short Physical Performance Battery test,

P116 Cutaneous fungal infections in elderly population from Bhopal

Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM ObjectivesTo know the distribution of fungal infections based on various demographic characteristics.To study the clinical presentation of the lesions and their distribution.To isolate and identify the fungal pathogens.MethodsHospital-based cross-sectional study for 5-year duration January 2017-December 2021. Study location is the department of Microbiology AIIMS, Bhopal. Elderly patients (60 years and above) visiting as Outpatient and Inpatient of dermatology and venereology, General Medicine, and other departments with cutaneous infections suspected to be of fungal etiology and fulfilling the inclusion criteria comprised the study population. Patients already on antifungals topical or systemic were excluded. Data extraction was based on predesigned proforma for a detailed history and clinical examination entries. Necessary ethical approval and patient consent were obtained. Samples of skin, hair, nail, and exudates were processed for direct microscopy, culture isolation in suitable media, and identification phenotypically.ResultsA total of 480 elderly patients clinically suspected of cutaneous fungal infections were included in the study. Majority of the suspected cases were in 60–70 years age group 360/480 (75%). Males were 349/480 (72.71%) and females were 131/480 (27.29%) of the total suspected cases. Male to female ratio in study population was 2.66: 1. Tinea corporis 140/480 cases (29.17%) was most common clinical type followed by onychomycosis 64/480 cases (13.33%), ulcerations 62/480 (12.92%), T. cruris 56/480 (11.67%), T. pedis 35/480 (7.29%), T. mannum 25/480 (5.21%), and T. facei 12/480 (2.50%) in suspected cases of cutaneous fungal infection. Majority of cases were found in non-dependent 253/480 (52.70%) population. Out of 480 clinically suspected cases of cutaneous fungal infection was demonstrated in 193 cases (40.20%) either by direct microscopy and/or culture.A total of 176/480 cases (36.67%) were KOH positive and 113(23.54%) cases were culture positive.Taking culture as a gold standard sensitivity and specificity of KOH in diagnosing fungal infection was 84.96% and 78.2% respectively. Among 113 culture isolates dermatophytes 53.10% (60/113) were most common mold isolates followed by non-dermatophyte molds 28.3% (32/113), and yeasts 18.59% (21/113). Trichophyton mentagrophytes most common 21.24% followed by T. tonsurans 9.73%, and T. violaceum 7.96% are the common dermatophyte isolates. Aspergillus species is the most common non-dermatophyte mold isolated.Diabetes was the most common comorbid condition in culture-confirmed cases followed by hypertension and thyroid disorder.ConclusionThis study showed the prevalence of cutaneous fungal infection among elderly visiting AIIMS, Bhopal as 23.54% (113/480). With increase in elderly population, changing environmental conditions, and association with non-communicable diseases it becomes important that all elderly patients visiting hospital OPD and those hospitalized for long should be evaluated for fungal infections especially cutaneous.

Role of Ultrasound and Color Doppler in Assessment of Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules, both macroscopic and microscopic, are widespread in the general population with up to 80% of people having them at autopsy. Ultrasonography is now widely available to diagnose thyroid nodules. Objective: To determine the role of ultrasound and colour doppler in assessment of thyroid nodule. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat, Pakistan from 1st February to 20th June, 2022. In this study total 70 patients with thyroid nodules were included who visited the hospital OPD with the complaint of neck pain and difficulty in swallowing. It included individuals with all ages of wither gender. People with the history of previous neck surgery were excluded. A linear high frequency transducer was used on Toshiba Aplio XG ultrasound machine. Data were analysed by SPSS version 22. Results: Total 70 patients were included in this study. Their age ranged from minimum 25 to maximum 74 with median age 47.50 years. As regard age, the mean age of study population was 46.057 ± 11.910. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound and color doppler. As regard ultrasound findings, we classified type of nodule as irregular nodule (n) 2.9%, left solitary nodule (n) 21.4%, right solitary nodule (n) 30.0%, isthmus nodule (n) 7.1%, multi-nodule goiter (n) 18.6%, bilateral nodule (n) 10.0%, heterogenous thyroid nodule (n) 7.1%, complex thyroid nodule (n) 2.9% were present. As regard color doppler flow present in (n) 32.9% and no flow seen in (n) 67.1%. Conclusions: Ultrasound is a rapid and secure way to evaluate thyroid nodules. It is the most accurate and cost-effective method for evaluating and monitoring thyroid nodules.

Correlation of Biochemical Parameters among Diabetes patients attending Medicine OPD of Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital

Background and objectives: With increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus, the cardiovascular and renal complications associated with it are emerging as major concern. The morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes can be reduced by timely assessment of those risk factors. Our study evaluated lipid profile and renal function test in male and female diabetic patients as well as the correlation among those biochemical parameters.
 Materials and methods: Blood sugar, lipid profile and renal function test were assessed in 249 confirmed type 2 diabetic patients attending medicine OPD of Janaki medical college teaching hospital (JMCTH), Ramdaiya-Bhawadi, Dhanusha, Nepal. Independent ‘t’ test was used to observe the gender difference in those parameters and Pierson correlation test was applied to look for correlation among different biochemical parameters.
 Results: Significant difference was observed between male and female for FBS (p=0.05) and PPBS (p=0.003). Such significant difference between male and female was also noted for lipid profile parameters, TC (177.65+43.09 and 163.45+35.68 respectively, p=0.05), VLDL-C (33.47+16.51 and 28.83+14.00 respectively, p=0.018) and HDL-C (40.52+10.62 and 37.94+8.07 respectively, p=0.033). According to our study TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, HDL showed significant positive correlation with FBS and PPBS. Likewise, creatinine, urea, uric acid was also positively correlated with FBS and PPBS (p<0.05). Moreover, there was significantly high correlation of uric acid with TC, TG, VLDL, LDL (p<0.05). In addition, there was highly significant correlation between creatinine and sodium.
 Conclusion: There was a significant difference for blood sugar and lipid profile among male and female diabetic patients. Correlation was seen between blood sugar and lipid profile; uric acid and lipid profile as well as creatinine and sodium.

Assessment of Quality of Life in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Using who QOL Bref

Study Objective: The objective of my study is assess the quality of life in coronary artery disease patients using WHO QoL BREF and to identify the different variables and factors which are affecting the quality of life in CAD patients in our population in general and the economic progress of the country in particular. Material & Methods: The study design will be cross-sectional and purposive sampling technique will be used. The study population will be the patients presenting in cardiology OPD of Shalamar hospital & Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. Inclusion criteria will be the patients of both sexes above 30 years and exclusion criteria will be the patients with ailments other than coronary artery diseases. Results: A total of 611 CAD patients includes in for the research. 305 from Public & 306 from private hospital. Mean age was 56 years out of which 377 (61.7%) were male patients and 234 (38.3%) were females. Out of 611 patients that were included in the study 19 (3.1%) rated their quality of life very poor; 265 (43.4%) poor; 200 (32.7%) neither poor nor good & 127 (20.8%) good. Conclusion: The study showed life’s quality and general wellbeing, with the majority of patients having a "poor" life’s quality . The relationship among quality of life and patients' perceptions of health and age was statistically significant.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Level of Stress during Antenatal Period between Urban and Rural Primi Mothers attending Antenatal OPD of IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Introduction: Many women feel stressed during pregnancy.The present study aimed to assess the level of stress during the antenatal period between urban and rural primi mothers attending antenatal OPD of IMS and SUMHospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The objectives of the study wereto assess the level of stress of primi mothers of rural and urban areas during the antenatal period. The investigator adopted Lazarus and Folkman’s model of stress and coping as the conceptual framework for the study.Method: A descriptive comparative research design was used and the investigator selected 100 samples using non-probability convenient sampling technique. The level of stress wasassessed by using modified 3 point rating scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were usedfor the analysis of data.Results: The mean level of stress score in urban was 41 and in rural was 36. The p value in comparing the level of stress was 0.0001 which signifies there is a significant differencebetween the level of stress among the rural and urban groups. Overall both the groups’ weremoderately stressed. The study also shows a significant association with age, duration of marriageand pregnancy complications in the development of stress.Conclusion: The study recommends counselling sessions for both the groups of mothers and support to reduce their level of stress

A cross-sectional study on clinical correlates of post-stroke depression in a tertiary health-care system of India

Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine the relation of the type of stroke and site of lesion and medical comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension with the severity of depression, HAM-D scores as well as age and gender of these patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over 2 months that included 61 patients from neurology OPD of IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. Purposive sampling was done. The patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were first assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain the sociodemographic data. Clinical psychiatric evaluation and detailed mental state examination were done. Based on the clinical findings and using ICD 10-DCR criteria, the 61 patients with CVA were segregated as depressive and non-depressive categories. HAM-A and HAM-D scales were applied on both the groups. MRI findings done at the time of the attack were obtained. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms of depression and why antidepressants lead to improved physical and cognitive recovery and decreased mortality. Results: Age of onset, gender, type of stroke and hemispherical involvement do not show any correlation with PSD. However, we found that the HAM-D scores were much higher in PSD patients with lacunar lesions as compared to non-depressive post stroke patients. Conclusion: Lacunar lesions may be involved in the psychopathology of depressive illness among stroke survivors. This could help us predict the occurrence of depressive illness among stroke patients with lacunar lesions. HAM-D and HAM-A may be used to detect anxiety and depressive symptoms among these patients.

Clinical Pattern and Frequency of Pediatric Dermatoses at Social Security Teaching Hospital, Lahore

Objective: To study the clinical pattern and frequency of pediatric dermatoses at Dermatology department Social Security teaching hospital, Multan road Lahore. Methods: Five hundred and thirteen children up to 12 years presenting to the dermatology OPD of Social Security teaching hospital in Lahore located at Multan road with different kind of skin diseases also were included in the respective study consisted on 4 months overall research period. On the basis of age all subjects were segregated into two different groups. One group comprised of patients from 1-6 years and the group from 7-12 years. Diagnosis was made by thorough history and clinical examination mainly. All patients were categorized into various groups on the basis of etiology. Results: Out of 513 children with skin diseases, 323 (62.96%) were males and 190 (37.03%) were females. 300 (62.96%) children were of the age group 1-6 years and 213(37.03%) children were of the age 7-12 years. Different infestations and certain infections were observed in 349 (68.03%) patients and 164 (31.96%) patients presented with various non-infective dermatomes. Conclusion: Infections and infestations were most commonly seen dermatoses as compared to non-infective dermatoses in this study. Keywords: Clinical pattern, dermatoses, frequency, infections, infestations.

Efficacy and Role of CT Urography in Investigating Hematuria Among Local Population of Pakistan

Introduction: Hematuria is a common urologic finding in young adults, reported in 0.3–38.7% of adults in population-based studies. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of CT urography in investigating hematuria among local population of Pakistan. Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during June 2020 to July 2021. Fifty patients with hematuria from the hospital OPD provided the data for this study. Results: Most common age group for hematuria was 31-45 years which constituted 41% of the study group and least common age group was 61-75 years constitutes 16%. Thirty-eight women and twelve men took part. Urinary obstruction was caused most frequently by renal, ureteric or both stone disease, which was found in 75.0% of group A patients and 65.0% of those in group B, as shown in table 01. Conclusion: It is concluded that CT urography is useful in detecting urolithiasis, nephrographic phase mostly useful for upper urinary tract pathologies and pyelographic phases are useful for detecting lower urinary tract pathologies. Keywords: Patients, Hematuria, Urolithiasis, Urography