Hospital Blood Bank Research Articles

Hubungan jenis packed red cell (PRC) yang ditransfusikan dengan reaksi transfusi febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR)

Background: One of the components of blood cells are often used for transfusions is Packed Red Cell (PRC). Blood components transfusion may continues with rapid or delayed transfusion ractions. The most transfusion reactions was fever (55%) or febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTRs). The cause of these events is associated with allogenic leucocytes (the ability to differentiate self cells and non-self cells based on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on the cell surface) and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), histone and the duration of blood storage. Methods: Cross-sectional study on 41.177 patients who received a PRC transfusion with the FNHTR transfusion reaction in Hospital Blood Bank Dr. Kariadi Semarang, during January 2017 to July 2018. Pearson Chi Square test for expected frequency more than 5. The Kolmogorov smirnov and Shapiro-wilk test were used to evaluate normality of the data. Mann-Whitney test to analyze the difference, p < 0,05 was considered as significant.Results: The incidence of FNHTR was lower in patients who received leukodepleted PRC (11 patients) than non leukodepleted PRC (124 patients). There were differences in body temperature in the incidence of FNHTR between the two groups 38.10 C (38-39) VS 38.40 C (38 – 39.2) with p = 0,046.Conclusions:There were relationship between the incidence of FNHTR with the transfusion with leukodepleted PRC and non leukodepleted PRC.

How do we … integrate pathogen reduced platelets into our hospital blood bank inventory?

For more than 50 years there has been an ongoing effort to combat transfusion‐transmitted infections and provide patients with the safest possible blood. This initiative has driven much of the research within the transfusion community. Initial methods included screening donors for travel histories to banned areas and for high‐risk behaviors, but pathogen‐specific assays performed at the collection and manufacturing sites also have become key factors in assuring blood safety. Many of these have focused on donor and laboratory‐based screening for transfusion‐transmitted diseases, as evidenced by the hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus screening in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. More recently, this effort has expanded to develop donor screening assays to identify other blood‐borne pathogens, such as Zika and West Nile viruses and Babesia. Bacterial contamination of units of platelets (PLTs), however, remains a significant concern. In recent years, the Food and Drug Administration has approved rapid tests to identify bacterially contaminated PLT units in the blood bank before transfusion. Other supplemental methods have been developed, however, that aim to inactivate blood‐borne pathogen(s) present in the blood product, rather than to rely on our ability to identify and interdict contaminated and infected components. Pathogen reduction technology, as this is referred to, provides a proactive way to further reduce the risk posed by transfusion‐transmitted infections.

Blood donations mode: Assessment of the Lebanese model.

Voluntary non-remunerated donations remain the cornerstone for a safe and sustainable blood supply. According to the World Health Organization and other international scientific committees, all nations must switch their system of blood collection to voluntary non-remunerated donation. Several other types of blood donations still exist nowadays that will be discussed. Lebanon, similarly to other developing countries, is struggling to achieve 100% voluntary non-remunerated donations for the many existing social, demographic, cultural and economic problems. Replacement donations remain the predominant type, which creates huge burden on both hospital blood banks and patient families. Despite the limited resources, some improvements have been made recently in this field and Lebanon seems to be on the road of achieving 100% voluntary non-remunerated blood donation as requested by the World Health Organization. The Lebanese experience is worth sharing so that neighbouring countries facing similar problems could benefit from it.

Haematological quality and age of donor blood issued for paediatric transfusion to four hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background and ObjectivesPaediatric blood transfusion for severe anaemia in hospitals in sub‐Saharan Africa remains common. Yet, reports describing the haematological quality of donor blood or storage duration in routine practice are very limited. Both factors are likely to affect transfusion outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe undertook three audits examining the distribution of pack types, haematological quality and storage duration of donor blood used in a paediatric clinical trial of blood at four hospitals in Africa (Uganda and Malawi).ResultsThe overall distribution of whole blood, packed cells (plasma‐reduced by centrifugation) and red cell concentrates (RCC) (plasma‐reduced by gravity‐dependent sedimentation) used in a randomised trial was 40·7% (N = 1215), 22·4% (N = 669) and 36·8% (N = 1099), respectively. The first audit found similar median haematocrits of 57·0% (50·0,74·0), 64·0% (52·0,72·5; P = 0·238 vs. whole blood) and 56·0% (48·0,67·0; P = 0·462) in whole blood, RCC and packed cells, respectively, which resulted from unclear pack labelling by blood transfusion services (BTS). Re‐training of the BTS, hospital blood banks and clinical teams led to, in subsequent audits, significant differences in median haematocrit and haemoglobins across the three pack types and values within expected ranges. Median storage duration time was 12 days (IQR: 6, 19) with 18·2% (537/2964) over 21 days in storage. Initially, 9 (2·8%) packs were issued past the recommended duration of storage, dropping to 0·3% (N = 7) in the third audit post‐training.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of close interactions and education between BTS and clinical services and the importance of haemovigilance to ensure safe transfusion practice.

Detection of hemoglobinopathies in patients of anaemia using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - a hospital based prospective study

Introduction: In India, the gene frequency of hemoglobinopathies is 4.2%, with a population over 1 billion and over 12000 infants born each year have a clinically significant hemoglobinopathies. In various parts of India, the prevalence of β-Thalassemia is different. β- Thalassemia has a high prevalence in some communities, such as Sindhi, Luvana, Tribes, and Rajputs. There is no such study done in and around Karimnagar district of Telangana state, therefore a preliminary hospital-based study was carried out. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional hospital-based study, target group adopted was anaemic patients (<11gm/dl). Haemoglobin and Red Blood Cell indices were measured on automated– three part differential cell counter. All these samples were analysed for haemoglobin disorders by BIORAD ‘VARIANT’ HPLC machine. Results: Among the cases, Karimnagar (62), Adilabad (143) and Medak (15) districts amounting for 220 cases in which 36 (16.36%) were having Hemoglobinopathies of which Karimnagar had 12 cases, Adilabad 23 cases and Medak had one case. The present study also revealed the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies according to caste. Mala caste had a higher frequency 12/36 (33.3%) followed by Munnur Kapu 6/36 (16.6%) and Christians 5/36(13.8%). This might be due to higher population of mala community as compared to others reported to the hospital. Conclusion: The data regarding prevalence and distribution can be useful in prevention and management of various hemoglobinopathies which may play a vital role in the hospital blood bank as well as in the formulation of transfusion policies.

Utilization of cross-matched blood in elective thyroid and parathyroid surgeries: a single-center retrospective study.

BackgroundHospital blood banks face the common challenge of maintaining an adequate supply of blood products to serve all potential patients while minimizing the need to discard expired blood products. This study aimed to determine the risk of blood transfusion during elective thyroid and parathyroid surgery and potential factors related to blood loss and risk of transfusion in these cases.MethodsThe study included all thyroid and parathyroid surgeries performed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2017. After exclusion of patients with incomplete data, 179 patients with complete data who had undergone thyroid and parathyroid surgery were analyzed.ResultsOf the179 patients included in this study, 33 (18.4%) were male. Overall, patients had a mean age and body-mass index of 44.55±13.67 years and 27.66±5.38 kg/m2, respectively. The mean duration of surgery was 168.48±90.69 minutes. None of the patients had a history of previous radiotherapy, bleeding disorder, or blood transfusion. Benign goiter was the most common finding (n=78, 43.6%), followed by papillary carcinoma (n=49, 27.4%). During surgery, most patients (n=136, 76.0%) experienced minimal blood loss. None of the patients in our cohort (n= 179) required any blood transfusion or products.ConclusionIn this study, we aimed to audit the surgical blood-ordering and -transfusion practices associated with elective thyroid and parathyroid surgeries at our institution. These practices are intended to balance the availability of blood products with the avoidance of unnecessary wastage. In our study of patients who underwent elective thyroid and parathyroid surgeries, parathyroid surgeries, none required blood transfusion.

The prevalence of HBsAg, knowledge and practice of hepatitis B prevention among pregnant women in the Limbe and Muyuka Health Districts of the South West region of Cameroon: a three-year retrospective study.

Introductionhepatitis B infection is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, by exchange of saliva during kissing and also to newborns of infected mothers. In the Global Burden of Diseases 2010, 786,000 deaths were attributed to HBV. Studies in Cameroon, reported the prevalence of HBV as high as 10.1% and 12% among blood donors in hospital blood banks. This study therefore, aims at determining the prevalence of HBsAg, knowledge and practices of pregnant women on HBV prevention and transmission in the Limbe Health District (LHD) and Muyuka Health District (MHD).MethodsANC registers were exploited from the health centers for a period of three years (2014-2016) in order to determine the prevalence of HBV infection. 270 women attending ANC were selected by exhaustive sampling. Knowledge and practices of participants on HBV prevention and transmission was assessed using a structured questionnaire.Resultsthe prevalence of HBV in the LHD and MHD were 5.7% and 7.5% respectively. Pregnant women in the LHD demonstrated good knowledge but adopted poor practices whereas in the MHD, pregnant women demonstrated poor knowledge and adopted poor practices regarding the mode of transmission and prevention of HBV infection. There was a significant association between the prevalence of HBsAg and marital status (p = 0.000) in the LHD and age (p = 0.022) in the MHD.Conclusionthis study indicated a high prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in the LHD and MHD, knowledge and practices were identified as potential risk factors.

Decreasing operational costs of non-profit community-based blood centres

Blood is a necessary resource for hospitals; however, acquiring blood poses several challenges for blood centres and hospital blood banks. First, blood is a perishable and natural resource that cannot be manufactured at the time of need. Second, supply and demand of blood are uncertain due to seasonality, natural disasters and availability of donors. Third, blood centres and hospitals are challenged in acquiring blood economically, as the price of one package of blood has reached the price of an iPad. Prior research shows the popular economic order quantity (EOQ) model is not applicable to blood orders due to the ample shortages that result from the model. In order to provide fresh inventory and to reduce operational costs, this study employs an econometric methodology known as ARMA-in-ARMA-out (AIAO, where ARMA stands for autoregressive integrated moving average) combined with lean managerial accounting practices to place orders. Results show that applying the above system of ordering could supply fresh blood inventory and decrease operational costs for blood centres.

Accidental Diagnosis of Infections among Blood Donors

ntroduction: Due to widespread incidence and prevalence, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), syphilis and malaria are the most common viral infections transmitted via blood transfusions. Yet there is insufficient information available about the exact prevalence of these infections among blood donors in Pakistan. The objectives of current study are to highlight the importance of blood screening among blood donors by finding the prevalence of high-risk transmissible diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis and malaria in the population of Nawabshah (Sindh) and to compare it with other provinces. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted on 37,845 blood donor volunteers at the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, in Nawabshah Sindh from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The data was taken from the well-maintained yearly record of the hospital blood bank. Analysis of all the data regarding blood donors was done using Statistical Program of Special Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The most common age group was between 18 - 40 years. Donors were predominantly male (90%). HBV is the most prevalent disease amongst the blood donors of Peoples Medical College with a prevalence of 6.52% while HIV, HCV and malaria were 6.33%, 5.83% and 1.24% respectively whereas Syphilis is the least prevalent disease with a prevalence of 1.11%. Comparing with other provinces, the highest prevalence of hepatitis B was seen in Peoples Medical College, Nawabshah, Sindh whereas for hepatitis C it was the highest in Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh. Moreover, Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar was the least burdened with Hepatitis B (1.46%) and C (1.34%). Conclusion: Accidental diagnosis of blood-borne infections including Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis and malaria highlights importance of blood screening among the blood donors. There is a need of public education regarding infection prevention and transmission.

Platelet transfusion: A study of methods of preparation, storage, quality control, and indications of whole blood-derived platelet concentrates

Aims: To study the methods of preparation and storage of whole blood inferred platelet concentrates prepared by the platelet abundant plasma technique, assess the quality control (QC) parameters of whole blood inferred platelet concentrates and study the indications of platelet concentrate transfusion. Methods: The materials for the present study are a prospective study and were obtained from medico-oncological patients who underwent platelet transfusion therapy with the whole blood-derived platelet concentrates processed by platelet abundant plasma technique in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital at Kozhikode, Kerala, India during the period of February 2018 to July 2018. The study undertaken in three parts: (1) Study of methods of preparation and storage of whole bloodinduced platelet-rich plasma (PRP) method, (2) Assessment of QC parameters of PRP platelet concentrates, and (3) Study of indications of platelet transfusion therapy in a tertiary care hospital for a period of six months. Results: In this study, 56 units of whole blood were collected and prepared 56 units of platelet concentrate. One percent of the 56 units prepared was tested of which 75% conformed to the platelet count of not less than 3.5 × 1010 and 4.5 × 1010 and 58% of units were found to have a platelet count of more than 4.5 × 1010. Hundred percent of the volume of platelet units in this study were between 40 and 70 mL and the pH value of all the units were >6.2. The white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) contamination of all the units in this study were less than 1.5 × 109/L and 0.1 × 1012/L, respectively. Eighty-six percent of platelet concentrate units in this study were transfused to patients with hematological malignancies and the remaining 19%, 3%, 3% were transfused to nonhematologic malignancies, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and disseminated infections, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was revealed that only minority patients with malignancy required platelet transfusion; nevertheless, platelets were more usually transfused to patients with malignancy than to patients with some other kind of disease.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus among blood donors at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat

Background: Transfusion of blood and blood components, as a specialized modality of patient management saves millions of lives worldwide each year and reduces morbidity. Transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTIs) diseases remain a major topic of interest for those involved in blood safety. Screening of TTIs among blood donors is helpful to observe the seroprevalence of HCV among healthy blood donors. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study based on observance of records was conducted at Blood Bank of tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. Total 7,935 donors were screened over the period of year 2010 to 2017 according the guideline of WHO. Results: Blood units were collected from replacement donors (54.1%) and voluntary blood donors (45.9%). Male donors (97.4%) outnumbered female donors. Seroprevalence for HBV was found to be 0.98%. Conclusion: Replacement donors were higher in number than the voluntary donors. Stringent measures need to be taken on urgent basis including dissemination of information, mandatory screening protocol of blood and blood products with test having sensitivity and specificity, better donor recruitment, advocacy of voluntary donation, proper sterilization of instruments, proper disposal of contaminated material, and immunization of people at risk, particularly health care workers.

Association of ABO and RH blood group with transfusion transmitted infections (tti) among blood donors in North India

Background: The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the pattern of distribution and to detect any association of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) with ABO and Rh blood groups. Methods and Findings: A retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JNMCH), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, U.P., India over a period of two years. A total of 36,614 healthy donors were included in the study. All the donor blood bags were screened for HbsAg, HIV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria. The most common blood group was B positive (34.91%) while the least common was AB negative (0.61%). The total seroreactivity of TTI was 5.59%. Out of the total, 2.38% cases were reactive for HBsAg, 0.35% for HIV, 1.27% for anti HCV, 1.29% for syphilis and 0.29% for Malaria. Maximum seroreactivity was seen in bloodgroup B positive (1.79%) followed by O positive (1.54%) and then A positive (1.28%). A significant association was seen between Rh positive bloodgroup and HBsAg seropositivity (P value of 0.0459). In VDRL positive donors, there was significant association between VDRL infection and AB bloodgroup with a p value of 0.0331. Conclusion: This study provides the prevalence of ABO and Rh blood group and also their association with the transfusion transmitted infections (TTI). This study shows a significant association between Rh positive bloodgroup and HBsAg and also significant association was seen between AB positive bloodgroup and VDRL infection.

Pattern of blood procurement and utilization in a university hospital in Southeast Nigeria

Background: Blood is a scarce commodity and every effort needs to be made to use it judiciously and avoid wastage. This study reviewed the pattern of blood procurement, ordering, and utilization at a hospital-based blood bank. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study in which data on blood procurement methods, pattern of requisition of blood, and outcome of issued blood were obtained from blood bank registers over a 2-year period at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital blood bank. Results: Approximately, 99% of donors were family replacement donors. In 2014, total blood donated was 4003 which exceeded the request for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion by 921 units. The highest request for blood was from the accident and emergency and 90% of blood issued were used. Overall percentage wasted of RBCs was 19.8% and the major contributors to these were antenatal clinic and labor ward both having 80% and 55.8% issued blood returned to blood bank unused. Conclusion: The proportion of wasted units of RBC is high. Designing and adhering to maximum blood ordering schedule and blood transfusion guidelines with efforts toward converting family replacement donors to voluntary blood donors will help in maintaining a steady supply of safe blood.

A tribute to the inventor of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: James E Cimino

A tribute to the inventor of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: James E Cimino

Studies on the trends of transfusion-transmissible infections in a district-level hospital in West Bengal, India

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic use of blood is the most sophisticated part of treatments in medical sciences. Transfusion of blood saves patients' lives as well as it has also the risk of infective disease, if it is contaminated. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The current study focuses on the status of TTI amongst the voluntary Blood donors over a period of time.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, HIV, HCV, HBsAg and Syphilis (by RPR) screening test report for the year 2011 to 2017 of a district Hospital Blood Bank in West Bengal has been presented. Tests were done by ELISA and Syphilis by Rapid Plasma Reagin test.RESULTS: No significant changes in the incidence of above noted cases have been observed and no Malaria positive case was detected.CONCLUSION: This indicates a good awareness amongst the people regarding these diseases having immense public health importance.

Development and Implementation of Real-Time Web-Based Dashboards in a Multisite Transfusion Service

Background: In hospital transfusion services, visualization of blood product inventory in the form of web-based dashboards has the potential to improve the workflow and efficiency of blood product inventory management. While off-the-shelf “business intelligence” solutions by external vendors may offer the ability to display and analyze blood bank inventory data, laboratories may lack resources to readily access this technology. Using in-house talent, our transfusion service developed real-time, web-based dashboards to replace manual processes for managing both blood product inventory and cooler tracking at two large academic hospital blood banks. Methods: Dashboards were developed using Hypertext Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets, and Hypertext Preprocessor scripting/programming languages. Data are extracted in real time from Sunquest (v7.3) Laboratory Information Systems Database (InterSystems Cache) and are refreshed every 2 min. Data are hosted internally by our institution’s web servers and are accessed on a webpage via Microsoft Group Policy shortcuts. Results: Dashboards were designed and implemented to provide a fully customizable, dynamic, and secure method of displaying blood product inventory and blood product cooler status. Transfusion service staff utilized dashboard data to maintain adequate blood product supply, modify blood product replacement orders to prevent excess inventory, and transfer short-dated blood products between our facilities to minimize wastage. Conclusions: Dashboard technology can be readily implemented at hospital transfusion services with minimal capital expenditure. The implementation of real-time web-based dashboards for blood product inventory and cooler management at our centers facilitated on-demand blood product monitoring and replaced a tedious, manual process with a user-friendly and intuitive electronic tool.

Seropositivity and trends of hepatitis B surface antigen among voluntary blood donors in a tertiary care hospital blood bank in South India

Seropositivity and trends of hepatitis B surface antigen among voluntary blood donors in a tertiary care hospital blood bank in South India

Occult Hepatitis C Virus in Blood Donors in Damietta - Egypt

Egypt maintains the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, affecting an estimated 15%–20% of the population, new cases reported, so we search about uncommon source of hepatitis C virus infection. Occult hepatitis C Virus infection can be detected and founded in the overall public obviously haven’t any diseases, Detection of viral replication in PBMCs may increase spread and transmission of hepatitis C virus during blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and made liver disease development in occult Hepatitis C Virus infected individual. The present study aimed to detect the occult hepatitis C virus infection in healthy blood donors from Damietta-Egypt, And detection of Hepatitis C Virus core antigen. One hundred and fifty blood donors from El-Azhar University Hospital blood bank in New Damietta City were used into the present study. Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) and plasma by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and also detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen from plasma by ELISA. We founded that: Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by nested PCR from PBMC among studied donors are eleven (7.9%) on the other hand Hepatitis C Virus RNA in plasma are two (1.4%) so occult C virus are 9/140 (6.4%). By comparison between results of Hepatitis C Virus core Ag and PCR evidence sensitivity 27%, specificity 98.4% in PBMC and sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.8% in Plasma.

Evaluating the Knowledge and Practices of Nurses and Paramedics in Blood Transfusion Services - A survey in the states of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, India.

BACKGROUND:Blood transfusion service is an important part of our healthcare system whose aim is to provide safe, effective blood components for the patient's requirement. The laboratory technicians and nurses working in the blood bank form the core for the effective functioning of blood bank. The study was to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses and paramedics such as laboratory technicians working in blood banks and whether intervention of a training program had any benefit to the participants.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was conducted in our department which is a regional training center approved by the National AIDS Control Organization for training medical officers, laboratory technicians, and staff nurses working in blood banks. There were a total number of 48 government run hospital blood banks who participated in the study and we conducted six training programs for 43 nurses and 64 laboratory technicians working in blood banks from the southern states of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry in India. The training program was for 5 days for technicians and 3 days for nurses with theory sessions followed by hands on practical classes regarding the daily activities in blood bank. They were given a pre-evaluation questionnaire to test their knowledge, attitude, and practice followed by a post evaluation questionnaire after conducting the training program.RESULTS:The mean percentage score in the pre evaluation test before the training program for nurses and technicians was 47% and 53% while after the training program; the mean percentage was 66.8% and 77% which was statistically significant in both the groups. The correct blood bank practices followed by nurses and laboratory technicians overall were 67% and 75%, respectively. The technicians and nurses scored poorly in blood bank practices related to hemovigilance.DISCUSSIONS:Regular and standardized training can lead to improvements in the knowledge, skills, and practice of nurses and paramedics who provide blood transfusion services. The constraints faced by the nurses and paramedical personnel needs to be addressed for the overall betterment of blood transfusion services.CONCLUSIONS:The increase in the knowledge subsequently contributed to a better practice in the technicians. The concept of haemovigilance and error reporting has to be stressed on the nurses and paramedics to improve their good practices.

Transfusion Transmissible Infections: Maximizing Donor Surveillance.

IntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all blood transfusion services must screen donated blood for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) one and two, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis. A mandatory screening for malaria is also warranted in malaria endemic areas. Our study aimed at analyzing the prevalence and different diagnostic methods of screening transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) in replacement and voluntary, non-remunerated donors in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan.MethodsThe cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 30,470 blood donors from July 2015 to October 2017, in the blood bank of a 500-bed teaching hospital in Islamabad. Initially all blood donors were screened for HIV one, HIV two, hepatitis B and hepatitis C by serological testing. The seronegative samples were further tested by nucleic acid amplification test (NAT). Malaria was screened using immuno-chromatographic antigen-detection tests, while treponema pallidum was screened by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to detect treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies. All infected blood and blood products were discarded and donors were contacted. The donors were deferred from blood donation according to WHO guidelines. They were also counselled and referred to the infectious diseases clinic. The collected data was analyzed on IBM's statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.ResultsThe results revealed that amongst the 30,470 donors, 997 (3.27%) donors were found infected with one or more TTI while 29,473 (96.73%) donors were found safe. Individuals who tested positive on serology for hepatitis B were 322 (1.06%), hepatitis C were 392 (1.29%) and HIV were 49 (0.16%). The seronegative donors were tested by NAT. NAT on seronegative samples showed that 10 (0.03%) donors tested positive for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid, while only three (0.01%) were positive for hepatitis C ribonucleic acid. No donor was found positive for HIV by NAT testing. Syphilis testing revealed a frequency of 228 (0.75%) positive results while only five (0.02%) donors were found infected with malaria.ConclusionThe results testify that standardized blood component screening can save transmission of infections through blood transfusion. They also establish the superiority of NAT screening over serological tests in decreasing the residual risk of transfusion transmitted infections.