Horse Power Research Articles

Development of a new rate of penetration model using self-adaptive differential evolution-artificial neural network

The rate of penetration (ROP) is one of the key factors that affect the drilling costs. Optimizing the ROP is a big challenge as it depends on many factors such as revolutions per minute (RPM), weight on bit (WOB), torque (T), horsepower (HP), and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the drilled rocks. In addition, drilling fluid properties have a major effect on ROP. The main goal of this study is to develop a new ROP model using an artificial neural network (ANN) combined with the self-adaptive differential evaluation (SaDE) technique. The model was built using different drilling mechanical parameters and drilling fluid properties. A new ROP empirical correlation was developed by extracting the weights and biases of the optimized SaDE-ANN model. The optimized ANN architecture based on SaDE is 5-30-1, where five input parameters were used in the input layers to predict the ROP which are drilling fluid density to plastic viscosity ratio, RPM, WOB/D, T/UCS, and HP. The optimized number of neurons was 30 and the output layer consists of one output parameter which is ROP. The data was divided into 60% training and 40% testing. The developed ROP model based on SaDE-ANN showed high accuracy where the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.98 and the average absolute percentage error (AAPE) was 5%. The new ROP empirical correlation outperformed the previous ROP models.

PENGARUH MODIFIKASI BURITAN SPEED BOAT TERUBUK EXPRESS 6 TERHADAP KECEPATAN KAPAL

Speedboat Terubuk Express is a fast ship that is used as a means of sea transportation to carry passengers with a capacity of 60 people. Because it continues to experience losses, currently the Terubuk Express speedboat is modified by adding capacity and replacing the main drive engine which previously used an outboard engine with 4 x 200 horse power replaced with an internal engine that uses diesel fuel with power 1140 kilowatt. This study aims to determine the effect of stern shape changes and interaction total resistance before and after being modified on the hull to the speed of the ship.In this study several stages were carried out, namely a field survey to obtain the effect of size addition, making a model using Maxsurf 13.0 software, input data and running simulations using Hullspeed 13.01 then analyzing the results which included obstacles and speed.Based on the results of the analysis and calculations showed that the change in stern shape on the express speed boat speed caused L / B to increase by 1.2%, an increase in the comparison of the L / B value could affect the ability of the boat's motion and stability. The total resistance of the ship increased by 1.05% which at a speed of 35 knots before the change in total resistance was 33.5 kN while after the change in the total resistance became 35, 1 kN. Changes to the installed power engine can give a maximum speed of 49 knots with a total barrier of 47.5 kN. Increased speed greatly affects the engine seat and the strength of construction and the location of the longitudinal of bouyancy.

A Robust Rate of Penetration Model for Carbonate Formation

During the drilling operations, optimizing the rate of penetration (ROP) is very crucial, because it can significantly reduce the overall cost of the drilling process. ROP is defined as the speed at which the drill bit breaks the rock to deepen the hole, and it is measured in units of feet per hour or meters per hour. ROP prediction is very challenging before drilling, because it depends on many parameters that should be optimized. Several models have been developed in the literature to predict ROP. Most of the developed models used drilling parameters such as weight on bit (WOB), pumping rate (Q), and string revolutions per minute (RPM). Few researchers considered the effect of mud properties on ROP by including a small number of actual field measurements. This paper introduces a new robust model to predict the ROP using both drilling parameters (WOB, Q, ROP, torque (T), standpipe pressure (SPP), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and mud properties (density and viscosity) using 7000 real-time data measurements. In addition, the relative importance of drilling fluid properties, rock strength, and drilling parameters to ROP is determined. The obtained results showed that the ROP is highly affected by WOB, RPM, T, and horsepower (HP), where the coefficient of determination (T2) was 0.71, 0.87, 0.70, and 0.92 for WOB, RPM, T, and HP, respectively. ROP also showed a strong function of mud fluid properties, where R2 was 0.70 and 0.70 for plastic viscosity (PV) and mud density, respectively. No clear relationship was observed between ROP and yield point (YP) for more than 500 field data points. The new model predicts the ROP with average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 5% and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93. In addition, the new model outperformed three existing ROP models. The novelty in this paper is the application of the clustering technique in which the formations are clustered based on their compressive strength range to predict the ROP. Clustering yielded accurate ROP prediction compared to the field ROP.

A wake field design system utilizing a database analysis to enhance the performance of energy saving devices and propeller

The purpose of this paper is to propose the wake field design system which outputs a bare hull form generating a desired input wake distribution, and to demonstrate capability and effectiveness of this system through a practical hull form design project considering the interference effect of ESD and propeller. Our proposed wake field design system outputs a hull form which achieves desired input wake distribution utilizing hull form and wake field database. In the system, the database is analyzed by a method for the first time proposed in the present study, that is, a scheme using the Euclidean distance and hull form blending (morphing). To validate our system, the one-leave-out cross validation is performed, which is widely used for the validation of the database analysis. There, it is confirmed that the proposed method has practical accuracy. A practical demonstration is also performed in this paper, where a 749 gross tonnage cargo ship is selected as object ship. The initial (original) hull form in this research was developed in a project of the Japan society of naval architects and ocean engineers as a considerably promising bare hull form. This hull form is defined as the original design in this study, then we try to further modify the design to reduce delivered horse power in a condition of hull with duct type ESD. Importantly, we design a new hull form to improve wake field suitable for the duct along with the consideration of reduction of cavitation. To confirm the effectiveness of our proposed system, the towing tank test is conducted to measure the wake distribution, using 2 model ships (original and new design) with 6.8 m ship length. It is proved that our proposed system is capable to efficiently design desired wake field for the given hull form without trial and error, and provide equivalent to or more precise results than the expert designer’ design. Additionally, we also confirm that the propulsive performance of the new design hull form is improved. In our careful comparison of the effectiveness of the ESD, it is indicated that the new design shows 2.2% reduction of horsepower compared to the original hull form both for ESD installed case.

“Sür ve Bağla”: İngiliz Romanındaki Atlara İnsansonrası Gözlerle Bakmak

“Romanın yükselişi” hakkındaki akademik tartışmalarda çoğunlukla kabul edildiği üzere İngiliz romanının evrimi 1740ların ortasından sonra bir sıçrama yaşamıştır. Bu dönemi takip eden yüz yıllık süre içerisinde, yani 1840ların sonuna kadar, İngiliz romanı hızlı bir biçimde olgunluğa erişmiştir. Bu tarihsel dönem birçok akademisyen tarafından Antroposen çağının başlangıcı olarak kabul edilen Endüstri Devrimi’nin de tarihsel yoğunluk noktası ile neredeyse bire bir olarak örtüşmektedir. ‘Erken Antroposen Çağı’ olarak nitelendirilebilecek olan bu yüz yıllık dönemin neredeyse tam ortasında James Watt’ın buharlı lokomotifi icadı (1784) da yer almaktadır. Watt’ın icadı, o dönemde Britanya’daki insan toplumunun işaret, üretim-tüketim ve değiş-tokuş sistemlerinde insanlardan sonra en fazla eyleyici güce sahip hayvanlar olan atların yerini Viktorya Çağı’nın sonuna gelindiğinde “beygir gücü” ve “demir at”ların aldığı bir süreci başlatmıştır. Ancak, bu yüz yıllık sürede atlar sadece İngiltere’nin şehirlerinde ve kırsal bölgesinde çalışmaya devam etmekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda da İngiliz romanında “anlatısal iş yükü” taşımaya devam etmiştir. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortasında yaşanan Darwin Devrimi ile de bu kez insan-at ilişkilerinin ontolojik boyutlarına ilişkin algı bağlamında bir değişim yaşanmıştır. İnsanlar ve hayvanlar arasındaki ontolojik sürekliliğe ilişkin Darwinci anlayış, İngiliz romanında da yansımalarını bulmuştur. Bu arka plan üzerinde, bu makalede öncelikle Antroposen bağlamı “romanın yükselişi” tartışması ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Daha sonra da, insansonrası bir eleştirel konumdan bakılarak, Henry Fielding’in Joseph Andrews (1742), Jane Austen’ın Northanger Manastırı (Northanger Abbey) (1818) ve Emily Brontë’nin Uğultulu Tepeler (Wuthering Heights) (1848) adlı romanlarına atıfla canlı atların “anlatısal eyleyiciliği,” George Eliot’ın Silas Marner (1861) ve Thomas Hardy’nin Tess (Tess of the d’Urbervilles) (1891) adlı romanlarına ilişkin olarak da ölü atların “anlatısal eyleyiciliği” tartışılmakta ve örneklendirilmektedir.

Empirical analysis of biodiesel effect on the automobile properties of diesel engine: A case study of olive and soya biomass

AbstractLaboratory evidence of cyclic breaking in biodiesel products was recently reported. This study seeks to investigative biodiesel production from olive and soya biomass along recent scientific discovery. Research focus was on the analysis of mixed fossil‐biodiesel samples on diesel engine. The mixed blend of soya (B10 and B20) and olive (B10 and B20) were used in this study. The TD 200 diesel engine was used to examine the automobile implications of adopting olive and soya biodiesels for automobile applications. More so, the research seeks to know the effect of cyclic breaking on engine performance. Aside the normal parameters like torque, rotational speed, differential pressure, operational temperature, and power generated in the engine, five additional factors were considered that is sound of engine, power generated by engine in horse power, thermal efficiency, normal engine efficiency, and brake mean effect pressure. Most parameters show the effect of cyclic breaking in the mixed olive and soya biodiesel when the engine operates beyond 20 minutes. The temperature of the engine is increased by 41% and 29% for olive B10 and soya B10, respectively. The maximum engine efficiencies when pure diesel, Soya B10, and Olive B10 (at specific heat ratio of 8.5) were optimized was 0.44, 0.709, and 0.616, respectively. The shortcoming of the tested biodiesel products was highlighted in the research. The rate of cyclic breaking in biodiesel is recommended for further study.

Higher-Order Statistics applied to machine learning as an approach to identify broken rotor bars in induction motors

Induction motors are reported as the horse power in industries. Due to its importance, researchers have been studied how to predict its faults in order to improve reliability. Condition health monitoring plays an important role in this field, since it is possible to predict failures by analyzing its operational data. This paper proposes the usage of vibration signals, combined with Higher-Order Statistics (HOS) and machine learning methods to detect broken bars in a squirrel-cage three-phase induction motor. The Multi-Layer Perceptron and Optimum-Path Forest have presented as promising approaches for faults classifications in an induction motor.

Diagnosis of EMD645 diesel engine connection rod failure through modal testing and finite element modeling

Abstract Connection rods are best known through their use in internal combustion piston engines. GM-GT26 locomotive uses a 3300 horse power V type engine with 16 cylinders that works at maximum crank speed of 900 RPM. The present study is concerned with the failure of a 645E3B engine connection rod with a reported catastrophic deformation due to unknown reasons. This rod has suffered from simultaneous bends in two surfaces with obvious marks of failure. A theoretical procedure, an experimental modal analysis technique and simulation by using finite element engineering softwares are used for this study. It includes finding the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes for a new connection rod. This is then used to validate the FEM simulated model. The critical loads and the buckling forces on the connection rod are then calculated. The maximum loads are calculated by using the classical approaches and are verified by simulation in ADAMS-Engine software. The dynamic modeling includes rigid and flexible beam models and the torsional modes of vibrations are also considered. It is concluded that the connection rod failure is due to buckling at the presence of hydrolock phenomenon. The outcome of this research provides vital information for the proper operation and maintenance of heavy duty Diesel engines.

Replacing injured horses, cross-dressing and dust: modernist circus technologies in Asia

Horse performers were replaced by machines demonstrating the wonders of electricity and cinema on the third circus tour of Asia by the well-known equestrian, Clarke family in 1915. Circus was part of the wider economic shift away from equine capital. The analysis considers leading horse acts in early modernist circus and their continuing popularity with the multi-racial Asian audiences, in relation to technological change and the socio-economic legacies of European colonial dominance in Asia. Four out of six horses died on the Clarke’s first tour of colonial Asia, an exceptionally high mortality rate and three died on the second tour, and this article argues that a high rate of horse injury and mortality complicates a claim that the shift to scientific display in the 1915 entertainment was simply reflecting progressive modernisation or the shortage of horses at the beginning of World War One. While the 2015 replacement of horses provides a literal demonstration of the scientific shift from horse power to electric power during the modernist (anthropocene) era, it additionally prefigures the displacement of the live animal with filmed imagery in entertainment. International ship travel continued to hold considerable physical risk for the horse performers, which meant it posed economic risks for the circus aesthetic.

Technical Overview Of Biogas Utilization as Fuel of Boat Engine

The depletion of world energy reserves and the increasing levels of environmental pollution, increase human creativity. Discoveries on environmentally friendly renewable energy-making technologies are increasingly widespread. One of them is the manufacture and utilization of biogas as an alternative fuel. Biogas is one of renewable energy sources with bio gas production process from organic material like cattle dung with the help of bacteria decomposers. By conducting a literature study on biogas utilization and calculation analysis, biogas application was applied as an outboard fuel engine with 10 horse power in a boat capable of crossing for 10 minutes with a capacity of 1 to 2 passengers, such as private boats owned by coastal communities or boats used by traders on floating markets in the Kalimantan area.

Retracted: Setup and operational cost analysis of 1 Horse power rated split unit inverter and non inverter air conditioner for home usage in Malaysia

Inverter type air conditioner that has been introduced in Malaysian market in recent years, giving an option between the new technology and previous technology which is non-inverter type air conditioner. However, unit price different between them sometime become an obstacle in order to opted for the latest technology. In this article, setup and operational cost analysis has been done with 10 models of 1 horse power rated air conditioners, 7 of them are inverter type air conditioner while only 3 of them are non-inverter type air conditioner. Comparison between inverter and non-inverter type air conditioner has been done with 3 brands of air conditioner. Break-even points for all three brands are less than 1.5 years. In addition, comparison between 7 models of inverter type and 3 model of non-inverter type air conditioner to find out which model is more economical in their segment has been done.

Evaluation of purchase intention of customers in two wheeler automobile segment: AHP and TOPSIS

Winning heart of customers is preeminent main design of any business organization in global business environment. This paper explored customer’s priorities while purchasing a two wheeler automobile segment using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as a multi criteria decision making tools to accomplish the research objectives. Study has been done to analyze different criteria to be considered during purchasing of two wheeler automobiles among respondents using structured questionnaire based on SAATY scale. Based on our previous work on empirical & fuzzy logic approach to product quality and purchase intention of customers in two wheeler- operational, performance, economic, brand value and maintenance aspects are considered as decision criteria of customers while purchasing a two wheeler. The study suggests high pick up during overtaking, petrol saving, reasonable spare parts price, unique in design and identity and easy to change gear as main criterion in purchasing process. We also found some leading two wheeler automobiles models available in Indian market using some objective function criterion in choosing some important characteristics like price, cylinder capacity, brake horse power and weight during purchasing process of two wheeler automobile in Indian market based on respondents perception.

Technical Efficiency of the Setbag Net Fishery in Bangladesh: An Application of a Stochastic Production Frontier Model

A study was conducted to examine the technical efficiency for Setbag net fishing boats operated in the year 2014. A total of 100 samples of Setbag net fishing boats were selected, of which 40 were from Cox’s Bazar, 40 were from Chittagong and 20 were from Bagerhat. Stochastic frontier (with technical inefficiency effect) model was specified and estimated. Results have shown that the estimated mean technical efficiency of Setbag net fishing boats is 84 percent. The efficiency of Setbag net fishing boat was positively associated with total cost, while the number of nets were negatively related to fishing day and crew size. Head maji’s age had significant effect on inefficiency at 5% level. Although, the effect on boats’ efficiency was positive, (though insignificant) for head maji’s experience, head maji’s education, engine horse power and boat age. The use of modern fishing boat and improved fishing technology should be promoted, through proper training and motivation program for fisher. At the same time old and unfit fishing boat and gears should be gradually removed and replaced by new and modern fishing boat.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 59-65

Optimization of Hydraulic Horsepower to Predict the Rate of Penetration

The rate of penetration has an important role in the success of a drilling operation, this is because if the rate of penetration is not optimum will have an impact on the cost incurred. Some factors that influence the rate of penetration are the weight on bit, rotation per minute and horsepower. Based on the analysis obtained WOB and RPM values are optimum so that optimization is done on horsepower. In this case study the well that will be analyzed is vertical well so that bit’s hydraulic optimization is performed using Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP) method by adjusting the nozzle size and circulation rate, this method will be optimum if BHHP / HPs ratio is 65%. Evaluation on trajectory 12 ¼ well “SGT-01” field “Tranusa", obtained bit’s hydraulics on the actual conditions at 2657.48 ft - 2723.10 ft depth interval obtained Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP) of 232.67 hp, Horse Power Surface (HPs) 499.82 hp, Horse Power per Square Inches (HSI) of 1.67 hp / in² and percentage (BHHP / HPs) of 46.55% (<65%) indicating less optimum then optimized hydraulic bit circulation rate optimized to 710 gpm with Horsepower Hydraulic Horse Power (HPH) of 936.47 hp, Horse Power per Square Inches (HSI) of 5.4 hp / in² and percentage (BHHP / HPs) of 65% (already optimum). The final result of the evaluation and optimization of bit hydraulics and the removal of cutting is predicted to increase ROP from 46 fph to 125.66 fph.

Empirical investigation of locally made biodiesel on the automobile properties of diesel engine

Research have been able to resolve the challenges of biodiesel production from whatever source. The ultimate use of locally made biodiesel for domestic automobile engine is the focus of the study. Biodiesel from palm biomass was made using proven laboratory techniques. The derived biodiesel was mixed with petro-diesel in the proportion of B10 and B20. The TD 200 diesel engine was used to estimate automotive outcomes such as torque, rotational speed, differential pressure, operational temperature, power generated, sound of engine, power generated by engine in horse power, thermal efficiency, normal engine efficiency and brake mean effect pressure. The advantage of the experimental method is to:•Provide a simple and efficient way of analyzing locally made biodiesel.•Parametrically investigate the pros and cons of biodiesel product.•Fully understand the impact of biodiesel on the well-being of diesel engines.•Chat a new course for biodiesel engine design for maximum utilization.

Computing the Distance between Two Finite Element Solutions Defined on Different 3D Meshes on a GPU

This article introduces a new method to efficiently compute the distance (i.e., $L^p$ norm of the difference) between two functions supported by two different meshes of the same 3D domain. The functions that we consider are typically finite element solutions discretized in different function spaces supported by meshes that are potentially completely unrelated. Our method computes an approximation of the distance by resampling both fields over a set of parallel 2D regular grids. By leveraging the parallel horse power of computer graphics hardware (graphics processing unit (GPU)), our method can efficiently compute distances between meshes with multimillion elements in seconds. We demonstrate our method applied to different problems (distance between known functions, Poisson solutions, and linear elasticity solutions) using different function spaces (Lagrange polynomials from order one to seven) and different meshes (tetrahedral and hexahedral, with linear or quadratic geometry).

Carbon emission due to excess fuel consumption by the trawlers of Thoothukudi, Southeast Coast of India

ABSTRACTSingle-day trawling is commercially practiced along Thoothukudi coast, involving a total of 275 trawlers of varying length range operated from Thoothukudi fishing harbour (8°47’N, 78°9.5’E). The trawlers can be classified in three categories: vessels with overall length (OAL) of 40–50′ (Type 1), OAL 50–60′ (Type 2) and OAL above 60′ (Type 3). Trawlers with OAL of 45′, 55′ and 65′ were selected for the study. Irrespective of the type of vessel, the power required for towing the net was found to be unnecessarily high. The excess power wasted due to faulty trawl designs in Type-1, Type-2 and Type-2 vessels was 55, 87 and 133 hp, respectively. While trawling with optimal trawl design would contribute only 28.67% of the brake horse power (BHP) of the Type 3 vessels, the existing design of trawl used in this type of vessels contributed as much as 50.83% of the BHP. The Type-1, Type-2 and Type-3 trawlers were found to operate with excess fuel consumption at the rate of 103, 212 and 418 L of diesel per cruise, respectively. Based on the annual fuel consumption, true total annual CO2 emission was estimated as 458 tons. The study revealed that the total fuel consumption can be reduced by 40% by optimizing the trawl design and reducing the free-running speed, free-running duration and trawling speed. Further, vessels with an OAL of 60′ and above may be permitted for multi-day fishing in distant waters after suitably limiting the number of fishing trips/month in order to minimize the fuel loss through free running.

Grid to Vehicle and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Overview in the Smart Grid

The grid to vehicle context in this report referred to the current status of the vehicle charging system that supported by the grid and its implication to the grid. The electric vehicle also can be exploited and treated as the mobile energy storage that has the capability to inject the power back to the grid. The idea of transfer back power the grid from electric vehicle is commonly known as V2G. In total, the cumulative horse power that millions vehicle have are tens times larger than the total of all electricity generating capacity in the world. However, due to the technical issue, the vehicle potential could not be tap to contribute to the grid until the birth of current concept of so called V2G. V2G is relatively a new technological breakthrough, which not only support the grid but also could potentially accelerate the process of creating a smarter grid.

Evaluation of Purchase Intention of Customers in Two Wheeler Automobile Segment: AHP and TOPSIS

Winning heart of customers is preeminent main design of any business organization in global business environment. This paper explored customer’s priorities while purchasing a two wheeler automobile segment using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as a multi criteria decision making tools to accomplish the research objectives. Study has been done to analyze different criteria to be considered during purchasing of two wheeler automobiles among respondents using structured questionnaire based on SAATY scale. Based on previous work on empirical & fuzzy logic approach to product quality and purchase intention of customers in two wheeler - operational, performance, economic, brand value and maintenance aspects are considered as decision criteria of customers while purchasing a two wheeler. The study suggests high pick up during overtaking, petrol saving, reasonable spare parts price, unique in design and identity and easy to change gear as main criterion in purchasing process. We also found some leading two wheeler automobiles models available in Indian market using some objective function criterion in choosing some important characteristics like price, cylinder capacity, brake horse power and weight during purchasing process of two wheeler automobile in Indian market based on respondents perception.

Energy, exergy analysis, and sustainability assessment of different engine powers for helicopter engines

ABSTRACTThe rapid decrease of energy resources has accelerated studies on energy efficiency. Energy efficiency refers to the effective use of energy, in other words, completing a specific task to the required standard by using less energy. Exergy is an effective instrument to indicate the effective and sustainable use of energy in systems and processes. Transportation is an important part of human life. The studies on energy saving and the effective use of energy in different areas around the world have also increased for transportation systems and vehicles. With the more effective use of fuel, there will be potential benefits for the environment as well as a reduction in operating costs. This study includes energy and exergy analyses as well as a sustainability assessment by using C8H16 as a fuel at different engine powers (150–600 SHP (shaft horse power)), for the piston-prop helicopter engine. The maximum exergetic sustainability index was found at the power that provided the maximum energy and exergy efficiency. As a result of this index, the lowest waste exergy ratio, the lowest exergy destruction factor, and the lowest environmental impact factor were obtained. The highest exergy destruction and the highest exergy loss value were obtained at maximum power (600 SHP).