Horse Power Research Articles

Matching analysis between the heating/cooling capacity of PVT heat pumps and the heating/cooling demand of residential buildings across various regions in China

PVT-HP (Photovoltaic-Thermal Heat Pump) is a novel type of energy saving technology. Existing researches on PVT-HP technology focuses only on its operating performance under some specific conditions, ignoring the matching of its energy supply capacity with the energy demand of buildings, which is very important for its engineering design and application. In this paper, the matching relationship between the heating/cooling capacity of the PVT-HP system and the heating/cooling demand of residential buildings in major cities of China has been analyzed. To achieve this goal, a novel prediction model used to calculate the heating/cooling performance of the PVT-HP system has been proposed. And the daily heating guarantee rate and daily cooling guarantee rate have been put forward to evaluate the matching relationship. Based on the evaluation indexes, the applicable matching relationship between the installed capacity of the PVT-HP system and the heating/cooling area of residential buildings has been analyzed. The result of case study shows that for the selected cities of Shenyang, Beijing and Wuhan, the heating/cooling area of residential building for PVT-HP system with installed capacity of 1hp should not exceed 17 m2, 31 m2 and 25 m2, respectively. Further matching analysis of major cities in China shows that the PVT-HP system is more suitable for application in hot summer and cold winter zones of China, in where the suggested heating/cooling area for the PVT-HP system with installed capacity of one horse power is within the range of 30 m2–37 m2.

Implementation of machine learning methods in predicting failures in electrical submersible pump machines

The Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) is one of the artificial lift tools widely used in oil and gas wells. Approximately 25% of oil and gas wells have been equipped with ESP. The ESP unit excels in lifting fluid rates much larger than most other types of artificial lift. The purpose of this research is to develop a machine learning model that can predict the likelihood of ESP installation failure. By making predictions at the early stage, necessary actions can be prepared to prevent and anticipate these issues. Thus, the reduction in the amount of produced fluid can be minimized. The model in this study uses 8 input parameters, namely, motor Ampere, Frequency, Pump Intake Pressure, Temperature Motor, Output Volt, Pump Discharge Pressure, Input Voltage, and Motor Horse Power (HP). There are also 8 failure classifications for which the model will be created. The initial stage involves collecting and cleaning raw data and processing it to detect anomalies. Once the data is processed, it proceeds to the model formation and model validation stage. The method used for the model is based on the comparison of two methods, namely, decision tree and k-nearest neighbor. The output of the research is a dashboard that can display visualizations of data and the prediction results from the created model. Millions of data points are used to create a database consisting of 77 wells over the past 2 years. The model developed generates several types of failures that can be read. These failures have their own characteristic parameters. The model obtained has an accuracy rate above 90%. The output of this model includes the most likely failure prediction based on the latest input data, thus effectively addressing well problems, warning of impending failures, reducing failures, and assisting in scheduling ESP repairs and maintenance.

Implementasi Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance untuk Menunjang Ketersediaan Suku Cadang Unit Prime Mover Truck Tipe 550 Horse Power

One of mining materials transport units is a 550 horse power prime mover truck. The prime mover truck functions as the main power source of trailer unit. This research was motivated by unexpected failures of 550 horsepower prime mover truck which operating on extreme mining environments, and unreachable component lifetime also delays of part supply, which contributed to increased downtime. The research purposes are to improve and develop the best maintenance system by identifying critical components, determining reliability values, determine maintenance intervals, and ensuring spare parts availability. The research was conducted using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method, with independent variables are failure frequency data and failure duration data. The results identified five critical components, air piping and hose, fast fuel filler, radiator components, radiator hose, and wheel stud and nut. Maintenance intervals were determined when the reliability value approached 0.6, with the air piping and hose component reaching 1750 hours of operation or every 97 days, the fast fuel filler component reaching 1,250 hours or every 69 days, the radiator and reservoir tank component reaching 2250 hours or every 125 days, the radiator hose and line component reaching 2750 hours or every 152 days, and the wheel stud and nut component of 3000 hours or every 166 days.

EVALUATING CUTTING TRANSPORT ON 12 ¼” SECTION WELL TM-1

Mud hydraulics on a 12-1/4" section needs to be planned properly. Mud hydraulics design on a 12-1/4" section includes determining mud density, flow type, pressure loss, pump specifications, bit hydraulics and cutting lifting design. The purpose of bit hydraulics design is to determine the optimum flow rate. Mud hydraulics optimization is carried out using methods the Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP), Bit Hydraulic Impact (BHI) and Jet Velocity (JV) methods, where the analysis is in the form of graphs. The graph is analyzed by using a trial and error method to obtain the recommended flow rate so as to provide good cutting lifting. where the expected recommendation analysis are Cutting Transport Ratio (Ft) > 90%, Cutting Concentration (Ca) < 5%, and Carrying Capacity Index (CCI) > 1. The analysis results from the graph show that for the hole 12-1/4", it is recommended to use an optimum flow rate of 626.6 gpm with minimum value of Ft is 90.01%, Ca is 0.87% and CCI is 1.95. These values are stated to be good by using 15-15-16 nozzle bit combination. The Flowrate value can be increased up to 785 gpm by using 18-18-20 nozzle bit combination.. Keywords: Hydraulic Mud Planning, Optimum Flow Rate, Cuttings Removal.

Design, development and performance evaluation of a portable cocoa seed extractor

Even though cash crops like cocoa, cotton and rubber are a major source of revenue for the nation, the unavailability of affordable and easily accessible post-harvest process machines has made it impossible to generate maximum income from these crops. A cocoa seed extractor was produced to increase the productivity of cocoa farmers and reduce the stress and dangers they are exposed to in the process of splitting the cocoa pods and separating the cocoa beans from the pods. The machine has two major chambers: A cocoa seed extractor was produced to increase the productivity of cocoa farmers and reduce the stress and dangers they are exposed to in the process of splitting the cocoa pods and separating the cocoa beans from the cocoa pods, fed into it by the conveyor belt, to crack the pods as they are forced through the centre of rotation. The sprout then conveys the cracked pod to the separating chamber where a rotating beater beats the pod, forcing the cocoa seeds out of it. The seeds then pass through the 16mm sieve in the chamber and are collected at the cocoa seed outlet while the pod is collected at the pods outlet. The machine is powered by a 3 horse power and a 0.74 horse power electric motor. The materials used in its fabrication are locally sourced. A performance evaluation of the machine reveals that it works at an efficiency of 87.5% in terms of the number of cocoa pods processed per day, and at 75% efficiency in terms of the number of cocoa seeds processed without damage. The throughput of the machine is 250kg/hr. Thus, the cocoa seed extractor can process 8,228pods/day compared to about 400pods/day that can be processed by an average person.

THE ECONOMIC PAMPHLETEER: Perspectives on the past and future of agriculture

First paragraphs: The Harvard Business School defines trans­formational changes as “changes that are typically much grander in scope than incremental, adaptive changes. Very often, transformational change refers to a dramatic evolution of some basic structure of the business itself—its strategy, culture, organization, physical structure, supply chain, or processes” (Harvard Business School Online, 2020, “Transformational Change,” para. 1). I have lived and worked through a period of transforma­tional change in American agriculture. I was born in 1939 and raised on a small family farm in southwest Missouri. The only farm ma­chin­ery in our community during the early 1940s was a steam engine that powered a threshing ma­chine that moved from farm to farm at harvest time. Everything on the farm was done with horse power or human power. We milked cows by hand, picked corn by hand, and plowed fields and culti­vated crops with horse-drawn equipment. Like most farmers in the U.S. at the time, most farmers in our community milked a few cows, raised a few hogs and chickens, and grew at least enough feed grains and forages for their livestock. They used crop rotations and livestock manure to manage pests and maintain soil fertility. Neighboring farmers shared their horsepower and human power at harvest times—as a matter of necessity. I recall silo-filling crews of up to 40 farmers. Our commu­nity may have been a few years behind some other areas, but this was pretty much the state of agricul­ture in the U.S. in the late 1940s. . . .

Performance Analysis of Horizontal Shaft Wind Turbine Through Blade Design Modification

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of a horizontal shaft wind turbine model with variations in blade shapes. The focus of the research lies in examining the impact of different blade shapes, specifically the curved shape, inverted linear taper, and rectangular shape measuring 8 cm x 20 cm at a 200 tilt angle. The experiments are conducted at various wind speeds: 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 m/s. The findings reveal that changes in blade shape significantly influence the operation of the horizontal shaft wind turbine. The Brake Horse Power (BHP) reaches its maximum with a rectangular blade shape, achieving 1.1 watts at a wind speed of 11 m/s and a corresponding torque of 0.0221 Nm. Additionally, the highest efficiency is attained with the rectangular blade shape at a wind speed of 7 m/s, reaching 21%.

Global reductions in manual agricultural work capacity due to climate change.

Manual outdoor work is essential in many agricultural systems. Climate change will make such work more stressful in many regions due to heat exposure. The physical work capacity metric (PWC) is a physiologically based approach that estimates an individual's work capacity relative to an environment without any heat stress. We computed PWC under recent past and potential future climate conditions. Daily values were computed from five earth system models for three emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) and three time periods: 1991-2010 (recent past), 2041-2060 (mid-century) and 2081-2100 (end-century). Average daily PWC values were aggregated for the entire year, the growing season, and the warmest 90-day period of the year. Under recent past climate conditions, the growing season PWC was below 0.86 (86% of full work capacity) on half the current global cropland. With end-century/SSP5-8.5 thermal conditions this value was reduced to 0.7, with most affected crop-growing regions in Southeast and South Asia, West and Central Africa, and northern South America. Average growing season PWC could falls below 0.4 in some important food production regions such as the Indo-Gangetic plains in Pakistan and India. End-century PWC reductions were substantially greater than mid-century reductions. This paper assesses two potential adaptions-reducing direct solar radiation impacts with shade or working at night and reducing the need for hard physical labor with increased mechanization. Removing the effect of direct solar radiation impacts improved PWC values by 0.05 to 0.10 in the hottest periods and regions. Adding mechanization to increase horsepower (HP) per hectare to levels similar to those in some higher income countries would require a 22% increase in global HP availability with Sub-Saharan Africa needing the most. There may be scope for shifting to less labor-intensive crops or those with labor peaks in cooler periods or shift work to early morning.

Prediction of Resistance and Power Requirements for a 72-Meter Landing Craft Tank (LCT) Vessel

This study aims to predict the resistance and power requirements of the 72-meter Landing Craft Tank (LCT) Montana using the empirical Holtrop method. The Holtrop method is widely used for estimating ship resistance in calm water conditions and has proven to be effective in providing accurate predictions. The findings of the study indicate that the total resistance (RT) of the 72-meter LCT at a maximum service speed of 12.6 knots is 344.6 kN. The corresponding power requirement is calculated to be 2977.971 kW, which is approximately 3993.524 horsepower (HP). To meet this power demand, the selected main engine is the YANMAR 6EY26W, which is rated at 2 x 1620 kW. These results offer valuable insights for the design and development of the 72-meter LCT, particularly in terms of optimizing operational efficiency and ensuring appropriate engine selection. By understanding the resistance and power needs, shipbuilders can enhance the vessel’s performance and fuel efficiency. Additionally, the findings can serve as a reference for improving future designs of similar vessels, thereby contributing to more efficient maritime operations. This research highlights the importance of accurate predictions in the ship design process, helping to ensure that performance expectations are met while also contributing to cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions in naval architecture.

Experimental Study on Performance of a Hydraulic Francis Turbine with Variations of Runner Speed

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of a Francis water turbine. Several variations of inlet valve openings of the turbine were tested to determine the effects of changes in rotational speed of runner on turbine performance. The method used in this study was experimental measurement using a test rig installation in Diponegoro University. The results found that discharge was not change significantly with increasing speed. The torque decreases as the turbine rotational speed increases. The break horse power (BHP) and efficiency curves are nearly identical. Both BHP and efficiency increase when speed are increased until the maximum condition is reached, then from this maximum condition, as speed increase, the BHP and efficiency gradually decrease.

Investigating On-Site Energy Consumption Patterns Using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques

In recent decades, the fortunes of energy economies have been closely linked in Pakistan. A major energy inefficiency issue was found in Pakistan due to the mismatch between horsepower (HP) requirements and bore depth. Keeping this in view, a total of 194 tubewells were chosen for an energy audit in the Multan region, Pakistan. The Terrameter SAS 4000 was used to measure the accurate demand of the head during the resistivity surveys at all of the selected locations. The results showed that the tubewell sets were installed arbitrarily at high power, irrespective of the provided flow and head, and these pumps used more energy for their flow. The results revealed that the efficiency of the tubewell sets increased from 35 to 54%, from 55 to 80%, from 49 to 80%, and from 48 to 75% for centrifugal pumps with electric motors and diesel engines and for turbines with electric motors and diesel engines, respectively. A weighted overlay analysis indicated that the efficiency of tubewells covering 838.12, 1131.8, and 2077.1 km2 for centrifugal pumps with electric motors, diesel engines, and turbines, respectively, was enhanced for the study area. Similarly, the energy saved for the study area covered 1423.8, 1161.1, and 1131.1 km2, as shown by the overlay analysis. The results revealed that the annual energy saving was found of 3486 kw for 194 tubewells, resulted in the saving of USD 0.204 million in operational costs over one year. The overall results indicate the strong need to adopt proper investigations of the head and power requirements before installing a system in the study area.

Calculating some Powers and Traction Force for Two Plows in Primary Tillage

Traction force and power requirement when performing primary tillage occupy the minds of almost farmers, this field research had aim to determine and calculate the pulling force of the most commonly used moldboard and chisel plows, the research conducted in silt clay loam for chisel and moldboard plows as the main factor, two depths of tillage 18 and 25 cm as a second factor and three speeds of tractor 2.55, 4.30 and 6.15 km.h-1 as a third factor. Moldboard plow recorded least traction force 7.550 kN, drawbar power 11.583 hp, power losses due to slippage 1.088 hp, power on the rear axle of the tractor 15.770 hp and brake horse power 17.495 hp. Chisel plow recorded best traction efficiency 76.217 % and total traction efficiency 68.659 %. Depth of tillage 18 cm recorded least traction force 7.837 kN, drawbar power 12.190 hp, power losses due to slippage 0.986 hp. Speed tractor 2.55 km.h-1 recorded least traction force 8.246 kN, drawbar power 7.329 hp, power losses due to slippage 0.618 hp, resistance power losses due to motion 1.775 hp and power on the rear axle of tractor 9.723 hp. Correlation among performance indicators were positive and negative correlation significantly, also were insignificant correlation.

Analysis of the ships’s bow to minimise air pollution – case study of the X-bow ship

ABSTRACT Air pollution is a major concern in the maritime industry because of its negative health impacts and greenhouse gas emission. Reducing the friction and resistance on the hull of a marine vessel improves the efficiency. It also reduces fuel consumption and carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Researches show that the design of the forward part of the hull has an effect on the total hull resistance. This paper explains how to reduce air pollution from an X-bow ship by analysing the ship’s bow and making essential modifications. The analysis of the front section of an X-bow ship demonstrated how the flare angle and stem angle have an effect on the total hull resistance. The model of the ship was created by using the Rhinoceros software, and the CFD analysis was done in Autodesk CFD software. Based on the results, it was found that the X-bow model of (10° stem, 10°flare) has optimal ship performance between the range speed of 8-14 knots as compared with the original X-bow ship of (6° stem, 21° flare). The new model (10° stem, 10°flare) requires an Effective Horse Power (EHP) of 2847.97 HP which is much lower than the power of the original model,3947.56HP.

Predicting Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles using Machine Learning Algorithms

we have planned to create a model to predict fuel efficiency of various kinds of vehicles through several stages. This model includes metaphors of various different cars from different periods. This metaphors consists of the following things such as cylinders, displacement, horse power, and weight .we have taken a datasets related to this work from kaggle .The machine learning algorithm is appropriate one for this type of analysis to learn patterns and design models from them for predicting fuel efficiency Decision Tree, Random Forest, linear regression,K-nearest neighbor used to produce less error with improved efficiency and the algorithm are compared

Pengaruh Dampak Variasi Piston Diameter 58 ML Dan 52 ML Terhadap Kinerja Motor Matic 4 Tak 110

This research was conducted to determine the effect or impact of variations in the size of a standard piston diameter (52 ML) with a piston with a diameter of 58 ML on a Yamaha Mio motorbike using a dyno test. The results we got from the dyno test, the power or horsepower (HP) produced from a motorbike with a standard 52 ML piston size is 7.44 HP at Rpm 7000 and a torque of 8.72 Nm. Meanwhile, the modified motor with a 58 ML piston produces 11.37 HP at 7000 Rpm and 11.10 Nm of torque. And it can be concluded that motors with factory original standard pistons measuring 52 ML have much lower torque and power than modified pistons measuring 58 ML and the fuel consumption of motors with modified pistons will be more or more wasteful.

Development and testing of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) chips pulverizing machine

A plantain (Musa Parasidiaca) chips pulverizing machine was developed in the department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria. The machine consists of the following components parts: hopper, main frame, rotary hammers/beaters, shaft, screen, suction blower, bearing, cyclone/outlet, electric motor, belt and pulley. The design of the machine was based on the engineering properties of plantain chips and the quantity of the plantain to be pulverized in an hour while making use of locally available materials for the fabrication. The machine was tested for its performance while using a five horse power (5hp) electric motor to power it. The machine has the highest throughput capacity and efficiency of 493 Kg/h and 95 % respectively at a feed rate of 15 Kg/min and machine speed of 3500 rpm while the least capacity and efficiency was observed to be 300 Kg/h and 83 % respectively at a feed rate of 5 Kg/h and machine speed of 2500 rpm. The machine is therefore recommended for adoption by small and medium scale processors. The total cost of the machine is two hundred and twenty-one thousand seven hundred naira only (₦221,700).

Design and Development of Power Transmission System for Tractor Operated Hybrid Bio-Composite Mulch Sheet Laying Machine

Tractor 3 point hitch drawn hybrid bio-composite bio degradable mulch laying machine was designed and developed based on the formulation of the hybrid bio-composite mulch sheets with a intension of the integrate the field operations at easy pace and conserve the time and labour. The prototype was fabricated and tested in the fields in order to perform the operations such as hybrid bio-composite mulch sheet laying, Mulch sheet pressing and guiding and soil covering on the edges of the mulch sheets in one forward movement of the machine. The machine was fabricated with design of many components but the power transmission system was plays a major role in this machine as the entire forward movement of machine and performance of the mulch sheet laying unit was depends on the power transmission system only. Various components of power transmission system was designed such as shafts, chain, bearings and sprockets etc. The shaft design was done considering the two conditions of fields while in operation like considering twisting and bending moments of the shaft as well as sudden applied shocks and fluctuated loads. Considering the two conditions, the main shaft, counter shaft and rear wheel shafts diameters were designed based on this two conditions and obtained results were 30 mm, 40 mm and 25 mm respectively The chain and sprocket will be used for the transmitting the power from one shaft to other one. The length of the chain was calculated 162.56 cm and the HP transmitted by the selected chain and HP of chain drive system were calculated as 2.05 hp and 0.339 hp respectively. Based on the results, the calculated horse power was less than the horse power of selected chain that means required horse power was 0.339 hp but we have got 2.05 hp, hence the design was safe and machine will be operate without any hassles.

Design and Fabrication of Thevetia Peruviana Nut Cracking Machine

A thevetia peruviana nut cracking machine was designed, fabricated and tested for it performance in the department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria. The cracking machine consists of the following components parts: hopper, cracking unit, outlet, main frame and the transmission unit. The design of the machine was based on the engineering properties of thevetia peruviana nut while making use of locally available materials for the fabrication. The machine requires a five horse power (5hp) electric motor to operate. The average throughput capacity and cracking efficiency of the machine were 31Kg/h and 97% respectively. The machine is therefore suitable for cracking thevetia peruviana nut and recommended for adoption by small scale processors.

Impact of crude palm oil on engine performance, emission product, deposit formation, and lubricating oil degradation of low-speed diesel engine: An experimental study

The higher emissions are one of the main issues associated with the use of diesel power plants. Therefore, various previous studies have been conducted on the substitution of diesel with renewable base liquid fuels for internal combustion engines, such as Crude Palm Oil (CPO). In this study, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out on the impact of using CPO on a low-speed diesel engine with a large capacity. The objective of this study is to determine the viability of modifying the existing diesel engine to operate on CPO fuel, with the aim of minimizing the requirement for additional capital expenditures. Furthermore, a diesel power plant engine with a rated capacity of 2554 kW and a rated speed of 600 RPM using a modified injector was employed. The testing phase was divided into two stages namely, a performance test for 7 h and a running test for 375 h. During the running test, the level of emission was also tested with different load variations using a portable flue gas analyzer. Following this, the lubrication oil sample was collected both before and after the engine running test. The deposits sample obtained from the engine was analyzed using SEM-EDX. Prior to being introduced into the engine, the fuel pre-treatment plant ensured that the kinematic viscosity and temperature of the CPO were properly maintained. The results show that operating the low-speed diesel engine with the continuous use of 100% CPO is not recommended due to the reducing of the engine gross power, the peak combustion pressure, the engine's IHP (indicated horse power) and the exhaust temperature of each cylinder. Furthermore, deposits were found on the cylinder head, piston, valve, and nozzle. Besides, the lubricating oil quality also degraded. Therefore, necessary to conduct a comprehensive study on the technical and financial aspects of using other biofuels that have a minimal risk impact on engine reliability and performance as an alternative to diesel or biodiesel fuel in low-speed diesel power plants.

Genoa, Nebraska, Settlement of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Development, Demise, and Those Who Remained

Genoa, Nebraska, Settlement of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Development, Demise, and Those Who Remained