Horizontal Geometry Research Articles

(Invited) Unveiling the Structure-Function Relationships of Materials Using in Situ/Operando Neutron Reflectometry

Neutrons have many extraordinary properties, including no overall charge, highly sensitive to light elements like hydrogen and carbon, magnetic moment, and power of polarization, etc. All these characteristics make them excellent probes of materials, providing details about the structure and motion of atoms that cannot be easily obtained with other research techniques. Neutron reflectometry (NR), a neutron scattering technique, is a powerful tool to examine surface and interfacial structures of thin films in a non-destructive and non-invasive fashion. The Liquids Reflectometer (LR) at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory measures specular neutron reflectivity in a horizontal sample geometry, and tracks changes of layer thickness, scattering length density, and roughness as a function of depth. LR provides valuable information over a wide variety of scientific and technological applications, such as, interfacial reactions in energy storage materials, phase separation in polymer films, surfactants at interfaces, biological membranes in intermolecular interaction, protein adsorption, and so on. The exceptional sample environment at LR offers the capability to conduct in situ electrochemistry to probe the morphological and structural changes of solid/liquid interfaces during operation as a function of chemical and electrochemical gradients over time. Furthermore, event mode data collection at LR can be carried out continuously over a reduced Q range and binned into 60-second intervals. The improved time resolution of the NR measurement can help elucidate the kinetic behavior of surface/interfaces under dynamic conditions and bring a unique perspective to equilibrium studies. A specific example of applications in electrochemically modulated separation for water remediation by using in situ/operando neutron reflectometry will be presented. The example study sheds light on fundamental understanding of selectivity mechanisms at electroactive interfaces, with direct benefits to the water separations research field. In addition to neutron techniques, some complementary capabilities for surface chemistry and electrochemistry available at both user facilities (Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Neutron Scattering Division) will also be outlined. Together, they will play a key role in creating new, and more efficient systems through rationally design of the structure and operating conditions.

Flat-Slab Mechanics Transforming Double-Arc Expressions Along the Middle America Trench

The southeast–northwest variation in the trench–volcano distance along the Middle America subduction zone is widely recognised to be due to the horizontal (flat) geometry of the descending Cocos plate (slab) in its northwestern part. In the topographic and gravitational expressions, the southeastern segment forms doubled low–high (i.e. trench–continental shelf edge–oceanic basin–volcanic arc) belts, whereas the northwestern segment forms wide doubled low–high belts. To define their attribution, the surface uplift rates were computed from a two-dimensional dislocation-based subduction model with hypocentre-based plate interface geometries. The trench-perpendicular plate-interface profiles exhibited similar curvature compositions, which were reflected in three (shallow, moderate depth and deep) convexities (downward bends) and one concavity (upward bend) between the moderate-depth and deep convex sections. The steady subduction along the first and second positive curvatures (shallow and moderate-depth convexities) in the southeastern and northwestern segments could serve as mechanical sources of short-wavelength double-arc formation. The latter two (negative and third positive) curvatures (concavity and deep convexity) in the northwestern segment produced distinct features including the narrow continental shelf, large trench–volcanic-arc distance and relevant long-wavelength double arcs. This was attributed to the direct contact of the flat elastic slab with the overriding plate.

τSPECT: a spin-flip loaded magnetic ultracold neutron trap for a determination of the neutron lifetime

The confinement of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) in three-dimensional magnetic field gradient or magneto-gravitational traps allows for a measurement of the free neutron lifetime τ n with superior control over loss channels related to UCNs interacting with material surfaces. The most precise measurement τ n has been achieved using a magneto-gravitational trap, in which UCN are prevented from escaping at the top of their trap by gravity. More compact horizontal confinement geometries with variable energy acceptance ranges can be obtained by using steep magnetic field gradients in all spatial directions, generated by combinations of either permanent or (variable) superconducting magnets. In this paper, we present the first successful implementation of a pulsed spin-flip based loading scheme to fill a three-dimensional magnetic trap with externally produced UCN. The measurements with the τSPECT experiment were performed at the pulsed UCN source of the research reactor TRIGA Mainz. The extracted neutron storage time constant of τ = 859(16) s is compatible with the most precise determinations of τ n . We report on detailed, but statistically limited, investigations of major systematic effects influencing the neutron storage time. The statistical limitations are mitigated by the relocation of the experiment to a stronger UCN source.

Macapá, a Brazilian equatorial magnetometer station: installation, data availability, and methods for temperature correction

Abstract. In the last 60 years, the largest displacement of the magnetic equator (by about 1100 km northwards) occurred in the Brazilian longitudinal sector. The magnetic equator passed by Tatuoca magnetic observatory (TTB) in northern Brazil in 2012 and continues to move northward. Due to the horizontal geomagnetic field geometry at the magnetic equator, enhanced electric currents in the ionosphere are produced – the so-called equatorial electrojet (EEJ). The magnetic effect of the EEJ is observed in the range of ±3° from the magnetic equator, where magnetic observatories record an amplified daily variation of the H component. In order to track the spatial and temporal variation of this phenomena, a new magnetometer station was installed in Macapá (MAA), which is about 350 km northwest of TTB. In this paper, we present the setup and data analysis of MAA station from November 2019 until September 2021. Because of its special configuration, we develop a method for temperature correction of the vector magnetometer data.

Thermoelectric devices with polymer/zeolite hybrid composite films for conversion of heat to electricity

Here we report that organic/inorganic hybrid composite films, consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and zeolite Y (Zy), can efficiently convert heat to electricity in the horizontal device geometry. The PEDOT:PSS/Zy (PPZy) hybrid composite films were prepared from corresponding aqueous solutions at various Zy contents (up to 50 wt%). The PPZy solutions exhibited an increased viscous state with a maximum at Zy = 30 wt%, indicating strong interactions between PEDOT:PSS and Zy components. All devices with the PPZy composite films could convert heat to electricity and showed higher thermoelectric (TE) performances than those with the pristine PEDOT:PSS films. The TE devices with the PPZy films (Zy = 30 wt%) delivered an output power of 8.8 pW with a power factor of 0.76 μW/mK2, which is ca. 20 times higher than those with the pristine PEDOT:PSS films. The flexible TE devices, which were fabricated on poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) film substrates, exhibited robust TE performances even after 5000 bending cycles. The present approach of hybrid composite films based on zeolite particles may contribute to further TE performance improvement for flexible and wearable TE devices.

The role of building mass configuration and material selection for mitigating the intensity of the urban heat island

The knowledge of urban heat island (UHI) mitigation for the materials and geometry of urban areas requires enrichment. This study compares to the thermal conditions on two different building mass configurations (Superblock and horizontal residential areas), that involve geometry aspect (density, orientation) and materials aspect (softscape, pavement, roof, wall). A surface urban heat island (SUHI) survey was conducted using Landsat thermal imagery, followed by ground surveys in selected areas. Data collected in both areas included air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and globe temperature area. The results show that the superblock configuration had a low SUHI intensity due to the proportional orientation of East-West-North-South (0.56–0.44) and large shading (average of 0.31 m2). In contrast, in the dense residential areas, the intensity of SUHI was high because the proportion of East-West walls was wider than North-South (0.8–0.2), and the shading was low (average of 0.15–0.16 m2). Façade and ground heating occurred owing to the use of heavy-weight materials, which was indicated in the thermal imagery, with a solar heating index in a vertical cluster mass configuration of 21.7 and a horizontal grid of 55.9. Convective cooling occurred in a vertical geometry because the buildings generated turbulence that removed warm air, whereas it did not occur in a horizontal geometry. The convective cooling index for the vertical cluster mass configuration was 0.62, whereas that for the horizontal grid configuration was 0.09. This indicates that regional planning must incorporate geometric and material considerations to control the urban thermal environments.

Thermal Energy Storage With Horizontal Thermocline Tank for Sludge Drying Application

Solar thermal technologies can be an attractive option for the decarbonization of process heat applications; in particular, thermal energy storage is a high value proposition for continuous processes that may operate at a range of thermal conditions. A thermal-fluid model is developed to investigate the buoyant flow in a horizontal thermocline storage tank for a sludge-drying application. The process conditions and tank geometry considered are unique compared to the domestic water heating application typically considered in the literature and well suited for parabolic trough collectors. It was found that good separation of hot and cold fluids can be achieved with the long horizontal tank geometry depending on the inlet configuration. Uniform flow distribution along the length of the tank is required to establish a thermocline. Assuming desirable inlet conditions can be achieved, the tank outlet temperature predicted by the thermal-fluid model shows good agreement with the system-level performance model.

IR-Absorption in Ti/(Si)/SiO2/Si3N4/n+-Si Structures with an Island Surface Layer of Various Horizontal Geometries

IR-Absorption in Ti/(Si)/SiO2/Si3N4/n+-Si Structures with an Island Surface Layer of Various Horizontal Geometries

REVIEW OF THE USE OF DRONES AND NON-METRIC CAMERAS FOR THE PROVISION OF LARGE-SCALE GEOSPATIAL DATA ACCORDING TO BIG REGULATION NO. 1 OF 2020

Currently, the need for large-scale mapping for the entire territory of Indonesia is urgent. Therefore, accelerating the provision of large-scale Geospatial Data (DG) is essential for better spatial planning and regional development. The use of drone technology with non-metric cameras is starting to be used for the provision of large-scale DG. To regulate the use of drones and non-metric cameras, the Geospatial Information Agency issued the Head of Geospatial Information Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2020. The purpose of this paper will review the use of drones with non-metric cameras that have been regulated in the agency's regulations. The method used in this paper uses qualitative research with a data collection strategy or source using the literature method. The results show that the use of direct georeferencing in BIG Regulation No. 1 of 2020 has fulfilled the horizontal and vertical geometry accuracy requirements stipulated in BIG Head Regulation No. 6 of 2018 on Base Map Accuracy. The GSD value requirement in BIG Regulation No 1/2020 is too high compared to the GSD value requirement specified in the ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data. This agency regulation is a standard / reference that must be met for all mapping industry players. Therefore, the implementation of this agency regulation requires further study to truly support the issue of accelerating large-scale mapping.

Enhancing thermal performance in shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage units: An experimental and numerical study of shell geometry effects

This study investigates the influence of shell geometry on the thermal performance of latent heat storage (LHS) units. Three transparent shell-and-tube LHS units, featuring circular, horizontal, and vertical obround shell geometries, each possessing a similar shell volume, were fabricated and filled with paraffin as the phase change material (PCM). Employing a combination of visualization experiments and numerical simulations, the thermal performance of LHS units with horizontally and vertically oriented obround shell geometries was comprehensively analyzed and compared with conventional circular shell-and-tube heat exchangers (HX), commonly utilized in the industry. Data derived from image processing of photographs, coupled with recorded temperatures, were used to calculate liquid fractions, analyze heat transfer characteristics, and ascertain the dominant heat transfer mechanisms during the melting process. The results reveal that the utilization of a horizontal obround shell enhances the heat transfer rate, thereby expediting the melting process. A comparative analysis of melting photographs demonstrates that the horizontal obround shell reduces the melting time by 32% compared to the circular shell, while the vertical obround shell extends the total melting time by 13%. In contrast to the circular shell, the horizontal obround shell exhibits a substantial improvement of 41% in the time-averaged heat transfer rate, whereas the vertical obround shell shows a decrease of 12%.

Buoyancy-Driven Dissolution Instability in a Horizontal Hele-Shaw Cell.

The dissolution of minerals within rock fractures is fundamental to many geological processes. Previous research on fracture dissolution has highlighted the significant role of buoyancy-driven convection leading to dissolution instability. Yet, the pore-scale mechanisms underlying this instability are poorly understood primarily due to the challenges in experimentally determining flow velocity and concentration fields. Here, we integrate pore-scale simulations with theoretical analysis to delve into the dissolution instability prompted by buoyancy-driven convection in a radial horizontal geometry. Initially, we develop a pore-scale modeling approach incorporating gravitational effects, subsequently validating it through experiments. We then employ pore-scale numerical simulations to elucidate the 3D intricacies of flow-dissolution dynamics. Our findings reveal that a simple criterion can delineate the condition for the onset of buoyancy-driven dissolution instability. If the characteristic length falls below a critical threshold, dissolution remains stable. Conversely, exceeding this threshold leads to two distinct regimes: the unstable regime of the confined domain affected by the initial aperture and the unstable regime of the semi-infinite domain independent of the initial aperture where the instability is no longer influenced by the lower boundary. We demonstrate that the pore-scale mechanism for this instability is due to the concentration boundary layer attaining a gravitationally unstable critical thickness. Through theoretical analysis of this layer and the time scales of diffusion and advection, we establish a theoretical model to predict where the dissolution instability occurs. This model aligns closely with our numerical simulations and experimental data across diverse conditions. Our work improves the understanding of buoyancy-driven dissolution instability in radial horizontal geometry. It is also of practical significance in understanding cavity formation in karst hydrology and preventing leaks in geological CO2 storage.

Effects of elastic anisotropic models on the prediction of horizontal stresses and hydraulic fracture geometry

Abstract Stress barriers play a key role in the propagation of hydraulic fractures. They are local maxima in the stress field that constrain vertical fracture propagation. The development of stress barriers is influenced by rock mechanical properties, pore pressure and tectonic stresses. However, stress prediction models are highly sensitive to available geophysical measurements and assumptions made on rock constitutive models. We compare stress estimations performed with elastic isotropic, anisotropic and viscoplastic models using Thomsen's notation ( ɛ , δ , γ ) to quantify anisotropy and its effects on hydraulic fracture geometry. Using a single depth for principal stress calibration, we compare stress distributions and simulate hydraulic fracture geometries along simple vertical and horizontal well sections. Prediction errors stemming from isotropic models along anisotropic intervals increase when tectonic stresses increase. Errors generated by either over- or underestimation of δ increase for tectonically passive environments, while errors generated by either over- or underestimation of ɛ increase for tectonically active environments. Additional corrections, but also uncertainties, can be introduced by considering viscoelastic rock behaviour. Because of stress shadowing and fracture interaction, the risk of stress barrier underestimation is higher when estimating hydraulic fracture geometries along the various stages of horizontal wells.

Phase diagram and permeability evolution for dissolving vertical fractures in a gravity field

Rock fractures always provide the main flow pathways in geological systems. When exposed to reactive flow, mineral dissolution causes different dissolution regimes and significantly impacts permeability change. Previous studies have examined dissolution regimes and permeability evolution in horizontal geometry, but dissolution dynamics and permeability changes of vertical fractures in a gravity field remain unexplored. Here, we conduct flow-dissolution experiments combined with a pore-scale modeling approach to investigate regime transition and permeability evolution in vertical fractures. We validate the modeling approach using experimental results and illustrate the importance of gravitational effects in dissolving vertical fractures. Our 3D numerical simulations reveal the regime transition, represented by a critical Richardson number Ri, from the forced convection regime to the buoyancy-driven convection regime as the importance of gravity increases. In the buoyancy-driven regime, gravitational effects promote the development of localized dissolution/flow channels. However, gravitational effects become negligible in the forced convection regime where wormholes and uniform patterns can be separated by the critical Pe number. Using the critical Ri and Pe numbers, we establish a phase diagram of dissolution regimes for vertical fractures in a gravity field, exhibiting good agreement with experiments. By correlating this phase diagram with permeability-aperture curves, we directly estimate the power law exponent of permeability evolution for each dissolution regime. This approach extends the classic phase diagram of dissolution regimes to consider gravitational effects on vertical fractures and provides a guide to directly estimate the parameters for permeability evolution, which is essential in reactive-transport modeling at the field scale.

Advances in hydraulic fracture characterization via borehole microseismic and strain monitoring

We analyze the impact and challenges associated with microseismic monitoring in the development of unconventional reservoirs. We detail advanced methods that address some of these challenges and discuss emerging data analysis and acquisition technologies such as those provided by fiber-optic monitoring. During the development of unconventional resources, it is important to understand the stimulated rock volume obtained from the hydraulic fracturing treatment. Microseismic monitoring is one of the sources of information for estimating stimulated rock volume in which accurate hypocenter calculations provide the horizontal and vertical fracture geometry and extent. We developed hypocenter waveform-based relocation and collapsing techniques and demonstrated these on synthetic and field data to obtain an enhanced description of the fracture geometry. We further provide the initial analysis of a recently acquired data set composed of multiple monitoring wells instrumented with geophones and fiber optics operating simultaneously. Microseismic events recorded by the multiwell dual geophone/fiber setup show meaningful signal-to-noise ratio to enable a joint interpretation. Additional strain and temperature data provided by dynamic fiber-optic measurements extend the interpretation capabilities of the hydraulic fracturing phenomenon while providing an avenue for advanced research on fracture characterization.

(Invited) Electrochemistry Combined in Situ Neutron Reflectometry: A Powerful Tool for a More Sustainable Environment

Neutrons, having extraordinary characteristics that include penetrating power, sensitivity to lighter elements (such as hydrogen and carbon), and magnetic moment, make neutron reflectometry an ideal candidate for examining surface and interfacial structures of thin films in a non-destructive and non-invasive fashion. Liquids Reflectometer (LR) at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory measures specular and off specular neutron reflectivity in a horizontal sample geometry, and tracks changes of layer thickness, scattering length density, and roughness as a function of depth. The exceptional sample environment at LR offers the capability to conduct in situ electrochemistry to probe the morphological and structural changes of solid/liquid interfaces during operation as a function of chemical and electrochemical gradients over time. Furthermore, the time-resolved mode at LR can be carried out continuously over a reduced Q range and binned into 60-second intervals. The improved time resolution of the neutron reflectivity (NR) measurement can help elucidate the kinetic behavior of surface/interfaces under dynamic conditions and provide a unique perspective to the equilibrium study. In this talk, I will give a brief introduction on neutron reflectometry, the LR, and a variety of sample environments at the LR. I will focus on the electrochemical applications coupled with in situ NR measurement. In the end, I will provide a specific example of applications in electrochemically modulated separation for water remediation by using neutron reflectometry. With the rapid growth of human population, it is highly desirable to minimize energy and materials input in selective separations for a more sustainable environment. The study is critical for creating new, more selective separation systems through rationally design of the structure and operating conditions.

Effect of leakage source condition on the unignited hydrogen released issuing through a horizontal realistic pipeline geometry

An unignited gas release experiment system for the schlieren visualization and concentration quantitative measurement is designed and built to investigate the diffusion and concentration distribution features of turbulent hydrogen jets issuing from a realistic pipeline geometry. Helium is used in place of hydrogen for safety reasons. The spatial and temporal evolution of the asymmetry of turbulent helium jets was studied. The influence mechanisms of the volumetric flow rate (Q), the ratio of orifice diameter to the inner diameter of pipeline (R), and the angle between the normal of the leakage orifice and the opposite direction of gravity (θ) on the asymmetric concentration distribution are revealed. The experimental results show that the diffusion angle (α) and the inclination angle (β) of the turbulent helium jet are the largest when Q is 15 SLPM, R is 0.3, and θ is 0°, and the asymmetric feature of the turbulent helium jet is obvious. As the Q increased, the slope k of the inverse helium concentration (1/volume fraction) and a scaled distance L (L = (x/d)·(ρa/ρ0)1/2) became small. The increase of Q aggravated the concentration attenuation caused by the volumetric flow rate and the asymmetry jet. As R increased, the slope k of the inverse helium concentration and a scaled distance L first decreased and then increased. The slope k got the minimum value when R was 0.3. The downward movement of the leakage orifice position increased the turbulent intensity near the leakage orifice. This work can provide theoretical support for accident prevention and emergency treatment of hydrogen leakage accidents in long-distance pipeline low-pressure hydrogen transportation.

Internal magnetic fields in 13 red giants detected by asteroseismology

Context. Magnetic fields affect stars at all evolutionary stages. While surface fields have been measured for stars across the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram, internal magnetic fields remain largely unknown. The recent seismic detection of magnetic fields in the cores of several Kepler red giants has opened a new avenue to better understand the origin of magnetic fields and their impact on stellar structure and evolution. Aims. The goal of our study is to use asteroseismology to systematically search for internal magnetic fields in red giant stars observed with the Kepler satellite, and to determine the strengths and geometries of these fields. Methods. Magnetic fields are known to break the symmetry of rotational multiplets. In red giants, oscillation modes are mixed, behaving as pressure modes in the envelope and as gravity modes in the core. Magnetism-induced asymmetries are expected to be stronger for gravity-dominated modes than for pressure-dominated modes, and to decrease with frequency. Among Kepler red giants, we searched for stars that exhibit asymmetries satisfying these properties. Results. After collecting a sample of ∼2500 Kepler red giant stars with clear mixed-mode patterns, we specifically searched for targets among ∼1200 stars with dipole triplets. We identified 13 stars exhibiting clear asymmetric multiplets and measured their parameters, especially the asymmetry parameter a and the magnetic frequency shift δνg. By combining these estimates with best-fitting stellar models, we measured average core magnetic fields ranging from ∼20 to ∼150 kG, corresponding to ∼5% to ∼30% of the critical field strengths. We showed that the detected core fields have various horizontal geometries, some of which significantly differ from a dipolar configuration. We found that the field strengths decrease with stellar evolution, despite the fact that the cores of these stars are contracting. Additionally, even though these stars have strong internal magnetic fields, they display normal core rotation rates, suggesting no significantly different histories of angular momentum transport compared to other red giant stars. We also discuss the possible origin of the detected fields.

Relationship between Horizontal Curve Geometry and Single-Vehicle Crash Occurrence on Rural Secondary Highways

Single-vehicle crashes are overrepresented on rural two-lane highway curves. While prior work investigated the relationship between crash occurrence and aggregate curve characteristics, several important aspects related to curve geometry remain uninvestigated. To this end, research was undertaken to evaluate the safety effects associated with several specific horizontal curve-related geometric characteristics (including curve type, curve direction, tangent distance between curves, and curve design speed) on rural two-lane undivided highways, considering non-animal single-vehicle crashes. Eight years of crash data were obtained for 277 mi and 557 mi of curved state and county highway segments, respectively, within Michigan. Several mixed-effects negative binomial models, with county- and site-specific random intercepts, were developed separately for state and county highways. The model results indicated that several key geometric factors were associated with crash occurrence on rural two-lane highways, including curve type, curve direction, tangent distance approaching the curve, inner-curve tangent distance, and curve design speed. Each of the following geometric characteristics was associated with elevated single-vehicle crash occurrence: (1) compound and reverse curves (compared with simple curves); (2) left-turning curves (compared with right-turning); (3) curves with design speeds lower than the speed limit (compared with curves with higher design speeds); (4) longer tangent distances approaching a simple curve or the initial curve in a series; and (5) shorter inner-curve distances between successive compound or reverse curves. Compound or reverse curves should be avoided in favor of simple curves with an elongated inner-curve distance. Enhanced warning signage should be considered where such curve designs cannot be avoided.

Effective field theories as Lagrange spaces

We present a formulation of scalar effective field theories in terms of the geometry of Lagrange spaces. The horizontal geometry of the Lagrange space generalizes the Riemannian geometry on the scalar field manifold, inducing a broad class of affine connections that can be used to covariantly express and simplify tree-level scattering amplitudes. Meanwhile, the vertical geometry of the Lagrange space characterizes the physical validity of the effective field theory, as a torsion component comprises strictly higher-point Wilson coefficients. Imposing analyticity, unitarity, and symmetry on the theory then constrains the signs and sizes of derivatives of the torsion component, implying that physical theories correspond to a special class of vertical geometry.

Transient Injection of Flow: How Torn and Bent Slabs Induce Unusual Mantle Circulation Patterns Near a Flat Slab

AbstractTorn and bent slabs are usually associated with flat‐slab subduction where the descending plate develops a horizontal geometry beneath the overlying continent. How such slab dynamics modify the surrounding mantle flow and the overriding plate remains enigmatic. Here, we conduct three‐dimensional subduction numerical experiments to investigate the flat slab to steep‐angle slab transition region and examine the impact of slab geometry changes on mantle flows. The results show that the along‐strike change due to flattening a segment of slab induces oblique flow toward the mantle corner at the transition region where flat slab bends to steep‐subducting slab. Slab tears can occur due to the buoyancy contrast between an oceanic ridge and the surrounding dense oceanic crust and/or presence of weak zones. A vertical tear at the side edge of a flat slab causes toroidal flow around the steep‐angle slab where sub‐slab mantle floods rapidly through the tear. Flow through the tear spreads to all directions including upwelling toward the continental base that may trigger slab and partial melting and thus affect arc magmatism. A horizontal tear that occurs ahead of the flat portion where slab resumes its steep‐angle results in enhanced plate‐motion parallel flow. Notably, the tear‐induced flow behaves as a rapid injection through the slab breach with the peak velocity up to an order of magnitude higher than plate motion, lasting for 1–2 million years after initially tearing. This rapid pulse flow might be recorded in surface tectonics as distinct transient events of topography or metamorphism.