Horizontal Conflicts Research Articles

Pentingnya Pemahaman Multikulturalisme dalam Resolusi Konflik Pembangunan GKI Yasmin Bogor Guna Mewujudkan Keamanan Nasional

This paper aims to analyze the importance of understanding multiculturalism in knitting diversity into a force of peace in resolving conflicts over the construction of the GKI Yasmin house of worship, Bogor. The problem is focused on understanding multiculturalism on the formation of people's mindsets, attitudes and behavior. In order to approach this problem, theoretical references from Tilaar, Lawrence Blum, Baedhawy and Galtung are used. The data collected in this study are data obtained from field research through interviews, observation and documentation at the source of the conflict which were analyzed using qualitative methods. This study concludes that the understanding of multiculturalism is very decisive in the resolution of conflicts over the construction of the GKI Yasmin house of worship in Bogor City. This conclusion is based on the low understanding of multiculturalism in the Bogor City community and evidenced by the occurrence of horizontal conflicts. If this condition is left without efforts to resolve it, it will become a prolonged SARA conflict. In addition, weaknesses were also found in preventing conflict in the aspect of the role of local government in implementing regulatory policies that were not quite right.

A two-dimensional lateral interaction crash risk evaluation model considering imbalanced data

There are more than 539,000 crashes caused by vehicle-vehicle lateral interactions annually. To address this issue, proactively capturing lane-changing (LC) intentions and evaluating interaction crash potentials are a promising adopted approach. However, existing analyses were mainly conducted using balanced data, which is contrary to the fact that LC is a small probability event under natural driving conditions. Besides, previous crash risk evaluation methods mainly focused on the longitudinal conflicts, which have ignored the prevailing horizontal conflicts. To address the previous gaps, a two-dimensional lateral interaction crash risk evaluation model was proposed. This model considers both horizontal and longitudinal crash risks during LC interaction process, and modified focal loss function was introduced to deal with the imbalanced data for LC intention identification. The empirical analyses were conducted using Highway Drone Dataset (highD). Results showed that compared to the traditional loss function, the recall of the proposed model has been improved from 79% to 93%.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Pegadaian Syariah Melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK)


 
 Dispute resolution institutions can be used both for litigation and non-litigation dispute resolution. One of the dispute resolution institutions is the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK), which is regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The UUPK and BPSK procedural law spell out the responsibilities and authorities of the BPSK. Currently, there are no restrictions on the types of consumer disputes that can be handled by BPSK with business actors and consumers. Regarding the authority of the BPSK in solving problems, especially in the field of Islamic finance, it is often the subject of discussion considering that each institution has different juridical foundations. The research method used is qualitative research using a juridical-normative approach. In Dispute Resolution at BPSK, the parties must first reach an agreement in the form of a contract before proceeding with dispute resolution through BPSK, which is basically a voluntary choice between the parties. BPSK cannot be used to resolve disputes if one party disagrees. Although envisioned as a weapon for consumers seeking justice, implementation remains challenging. This is because legal arrangements do not conform to assumptions, in particular answering buyer inquiries online quickly, effectively and efficiently. Apart from that, the UUPK articles are inconsistent, only contradictions between articles and horizontal conflicts with other statutory products. Legal certainty in dispute resolution requires gradual improvement of three components in the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency: legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture.
 Keywords: Sharia Pawnshop Disputes, Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK), Consumer Protection Act

Types and Forms of Fishermen Conflicts in the Utilization of Coastal Resources in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province

Maros Regency is an area that has potential coastal resources. The social interaction of fishing communities in the coastal regions of Maros Regency is relatively high in the effort to utilize fishery resources. This is marked by the various fishing gear used by fishers, so the phenomenon of fisherman conflict becomes a social process that also colours the social interactions of these fishing groups. Differences in resource utilization and management methods can trigger social conflicts between fishers involving other stakeholder components. This study aims to analyze the types and forms of conflicts in the use of coastal resources that occur in the coastal areas of Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The methods used are observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with qualitative data analysis to describe the types and forms of conflicts in the use of coastal resources, and quantitatively with spatial analysis methods using Geographic Information System (GIS) applications to analyze conflict locations. The results showed that the types of fishing conflicts in the Maros Regency’s coastal areas were agrarian conflicts, class conflicts, technological conflicts, and conflicts of perception. The forms of conflict in the use of natural resources (including fishery resources) are horizontal conflicts (traditional fishers and klitik net fishermen) with semi-modern fishermen (cantrang fishermen) and vertical conflicts (semi-modern fishermen and cantrang fishers) with the government ( Maros District Fisheries Service, Camat and Village Heads, both open (manifest) and closed (latent).

The Bureaucratization of Collaborative Governance in Realizing Tourism Villages during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Winduaji Village, Paguyangan Brebes

The development of nature-based tourism that can be used as a way of empowering rural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to be a solution to improve the economic conditions of the community. The problem is that the village does not have the same perspective in developing nature-based tourism villages. As a result of this, various problems arise in the development of natural tourism. This study aims to analyze the collaborative governance process in building tourist villages, their problems, and solutions. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with the process of collecting data through in-depth interviews, observations, and FGDs. The results showed that collaboration between stakeholders often leads to horizontal conflicts, awareness of the COVID-19 process is difficult to build in tourism development, and collaborative governance is more bureaucratic. This research can conclude that the development of nature-based tourism is a solution during the COVID-19 pandemic, but building public awareness of the importance of COVID-19 health protocols in tourism services is an obstacle. In addition, the bureaucratization of the collaboration process of governance hinders the development of natural tourism.
 Keywords: tourism village, collaborative governance, COVID-19 pandemic

HOW THE INDONESIAN ARMY MAINTAINING ITS SOLDIERS’ READINESS THROUGH SPECIALIZATION AND MISSION-ORIENTED TRAININGS

There are ways, military, are adopting to make sure they are not only big in numbers and advance in technology but also manned by professional and capable soldiers. Hence the Indonesian Army structured its organization to assure the right method of trainings for its soldiers are readily programmed and executed. It is now has become very challenging as the nature of war has evolved to a more sophisticated manner where wars are now engaged non-conventionally and asymmetric battlefield scenarios have become more often to occur. This paper discusses how the Indonesian Army designed its training and education programs to better adapt to the security issues which includes threats, disturbances, obstacles, and challenges (AGHT) in the context of Indonesia where most issues are derived from domestic unrests in the form of vertical and horizontal conflicts. It is imperative for the Indonesian Army to not only have its soldiers to be combat ready but also mission ready. It is because when the Indonesian Army are conducting military operation within the country approaches other than combat are much preferable and effective and such missions involve more humane skills for the soldiers. Therefore, specialization and mission-oriented trainings are critical.

Motaain Boundaries: Between State Sovereignty and Indigenous People

The border issue has always been a problem that continues to be debated by every country. One of the issues that are important but rarely highlighted is social issues that involve relations and interactions between people in bordering countries. As happened in Motaain, the border between Indonesia and Timor Leste. The separation of the two regions after the 1999 East Timor Popular Consultation resulted in various traditions and indigenous cultures being transformed into cross-border cultures. This transformation occurred because previously the two boundary communities came from the same culture. This can be explored from three aspects: historical, cultural, and genealogical ties. Separation of the country does not eliminate cultural relations and interactions even though they have different citizenship statuses. Cross-border culture creates harmonization of border communities so that horizontal conflicts at the border can be minimized. However, cross-border culture needs state control because it risks territorial sovereignty, as well as having loopholes for certain elements to exploit to create transnational violations and crimes. This issue has become the concern of the two countries in controlling people across the border. State policies that negotiate with culture as well as negate previous opinions that see the state as the sole actor in managing boundaries. The state does not have to control borders with power, but it can also be done by giving space for its citizens to interpret borders with cross-border culture

Peradaban dan Politik Global Samuel P. Hungtington

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the birth of new civilizations as a result of global political conflicts with Samuel Huntington's explanation and compare them with the current state of Indonesia. The research method used is critical discourse analysis. Conclusion The review of the book Clash of Civilizations and the Future of World Politics will be explained using critical discourse analysis where in fact some of the predictions written tend to touch several countries in the world, but some don't. For example, Indonesia is able to place itself in global politics dynamically, such as being in a non-aligned and G20 country, and is not touched by friction, clashes or conflicts of shifting civilizations because it has two strong things, namely the nation's motto Bhineka Tunggal Ika and the Pancasila state foundation and many are asked to participate. involved as a peacemaker in horizontal conflicts and humanitarian conflicts in several countries.Keywords: Samuel P. Huntington, Civilization, Global Politics, Indonesian Perspective

The Potential of Singkawang City People From Aspect Of Harmony

As a multicultural country, the opportunities for clashes and conflicts in Indonesia are wide open. This is due to the plurality and heterogeneity of Indonesian society which is reflected in the form of cultural diversity, religion, lifestyle in society which is quite complex. In the history of West Kalimantan Province, various horizontal conflicts have alternated, including 1997 and 1999, the Madura conflict with Malay/Dayak etc. The number of fatalities and material losses is incalculable. Singkawang is one of the 12 Level II Regions and 2 Cities in West Kalimantan Province. This city was included as the most tolerant city in Indonesia in two selections by the SETARA Institute. There were hardly any outbreaks of escalating conflict, even though the city is predominantly inhabited by ethnic Malays and Chinese from the Hakka or Khek sub-ethnic. This qualitative research with case study method was conducted with the aim of knowing and describing the potential of the people of Singkawang City from the aspect of harmony. The research was conducted by collecting data through interviews with three resource persons living in Singkawang and Pontianak, namely with researchers from the Institute of Dayakology, Malay ethnic leaders and Dayak ethnic leaders. Another data collection technique was to collect data from research sources, internet journals and from various books. The conclusion of this study is that there are several supporting factors that make the Singkawang people live in harmony. Namely, among others, regional leaders who are considered to represent ethnic groups in Singkawang City. Then the people feel that the city government treats them fairly. This political recognition can be seen from the celebration of religious holidays of each religion which is carried out lively. However, the period leading up to and after the Pilkada is one of the factors to watch out for that can trigger conflict. This is due to the unique composition of the population of Singkawang city, namely the majority are citizens of Chinese descent, while the contestants put forward identity politics.

PROBLEMATIKA EKSISTENSI KEPEMIMPINAN PEMERINTAHAN ADAT DI MALUKU

The existence of traditional village government eroded during the New Order era with the implementation of Law No. 5 of 1979 which made village administration uniform throughout Indonesia including Maluku Province. In the reform era and after that, there was a shift in power from centralization to decentralization in the form of changes in regulations until the issuance of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The issuance of the Village Law has implications for the government's recognition and respect for the rights of traditional communities. However, this later became an obstacle to the birth of a definitive government in traditional villages/traditional villages in Maluku because it was related to the leadership problem of traditional village or customary land administration. The problem is related to the matarumah parentah or clan who has the right to lead the customary land as a King who is appointed through customary deliberations by the Negeri Saniri Institution. This problem is still a serious problem because it often creates horizontal conflicts. By using a qualitative-descriptive research method to answer how problematic the existence of traditional government leadership in Maluku Province is, the research results contain a number of findings. First, Matarumah Parentah is a symbiosis of customary inheritance. Second, there is a conflict of interest in the election and determination of the definitive head of government (king). Third, musyawarah negeri saniri becomes an arena of conflict of interest. Fourth, the existence of customary government can still be found in several places in Maluku, such as Buru District and the Kei Islands.

Settlement of Land Use Rights Disputes of PT Lebuni Plantations and Shareholders through Non-Litigation Channels.

<p><em>Land is a gift that comes from God Almighty. Soil plays an important role for society and plants. one of which is realized by giving land rights to citizens for land farmers who play an important role in depending on their lives from crops. Land rights that have developed quite rapidly are Cultivation Rights. The usufructuary right contained in Law Number 5 of 1960 UUPA in Article 28 Paragraph 1 states that the usufructuary right is the right to cultivate land controlled by the state within a certain period of time for agricultural, fishery and fisheries businesses. The research aims to find the right solution for various land use conflicts, especially in optimizing the use of abandoned land. This solution is needed to avoid potential horizontal conflicts between communities, companies and the government.</em></p>

AKAR PERMASALAHAN RADIKALISME DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM

Radicalism is a problem that is difficult to solve that will never go away, in fact it may even grow if the government and all of us cannot find the root of the problem and try to find a solution, at least to reduce movements that will actually further damage the order of religious life and the state due to a handful of people. people who have an understanding of radicalism and spread that understanding to the community around them. Radicalism arises as a result of horizontal conflicts that have arisen since the time of the companions, which are more politically nuanced and the unequal understanding of the determination of the position of the caliphate which we know as arbitration. As a developing country, Indonesia must also be aware of this notion of radicalism, especially for children who we call millennials who are still unstable and easily influenced by something new that they may consider to be in accordance with their mindset.

The Life Opportunities of Young Refugees: Understanding the Role, Function and Perceptions of Local Stakeholders

The focus on the local level in migration research became common when analyzing arrival contexts. Despite the relative autonomy of the local level and its crucial position in the multi-level migration governance, there is limited research on the role, function and perspectives of local stakeholders in Germany. This paper investigates the dynamics of local actors and aims at understanding their contribution to the life opportunities of young refugees. A post-industrial city, namely Dortmund, has been used as a case study for this explorative task. Building on 20 expert interviews conducted between November 2020 and September 2021, the results show that while the migration history of the city has positive influence on stakeholder perspectives, there are concrete horizontal discrepancies between governmental and non-governmental actors. Albeit being engaged with inclusive migration measures for decades, the governmental actors are found to be limiting youth’s chances, as they are bound to the legal framework of the national and federal levels. Contrarily, the non-governmental actors are of great importance as they challenge the system of burdens and actively create further possibilities for these youths. However, the article found that it is beyond the power of non-governmental actors to eliminate structural and legal barriers. The vertical and horizontal conflicts in multi-governance system are the major barriers for this. Nonetheless, local level actors appear critical in creating further opportunities and advocating for youth; therefore, their potential operational strength should not be undervalued.

The impact of fishermen’s conflict on the sustainability of crab (Portunus pelagicus) resources in the coastal areas of Maros District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Daris L, Massiseng ANA, Fachry ME, Jaya, Zaenab ST. 2022. The impact of fishermen’s conflict on the sustainability of crab (Portunus pelagicus) resources in the coastal areas of Maros District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5278-5289. Using environmentally unfriendly fishing gear causes damage to coral reefs and seagrass, which are the habitat of crabs. The prohibition on using ecologically unfriendly fishing gear, such as mini trawl, in catching crabs and shrimps in the coastal area of ??Maros District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, has triggered horizontal conflicts between traditional fishermen from 1985 until now. This study aims to identify the types of fishing conflicts and analyze the distribution of conflict areas and the maximum fishing rate that could threaten the sustainability of crab (Portunus pelagicus) resources. This research was conducted from February to July 2022 in the coastal area of ??Maros, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The type of data is primary and secondary data. The data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The analysis data used qualitative by reducing and presenting data obtained from observations, interviews, and PRA, as well as spatial analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to describe the distribution map of fishermen's conflicts. The results showed that the types of conflicts between fishermen using crab resources were agrarian conflicts, technological conflicts, and perception conflicts between fishermen using trammel nets and traps and fishermen using mini trawls. Conflicts between fishermen in resource utilization crabs occur between ??2.71-3.26 km from the coast during dark moons and 2.17-3.26 km during bright moons. Fishing conflicts have an impact on decreasing crab catches from 2015 until 2021, where the fishing effort (trip) has exceeded the sustainable fishing effort (MSY) by 690 trips/year with a total catch of 1232.3 tons/year.

The impact of fishermen’s conflict on the sustainability of crab (Portunus pelagicus) resources in the coastal areas of Maros District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Daris L, Massiseng ANA, Fachry ME, Jaya, Zaenab ST. 2022. The impact of fishermen’s conflict on the sustainability of crab (Portunus pelagicus) resources in the coastal areas of Maros District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5278-5289. Using environmentally unfriendly fishing gear causes damage to coral reefs and seagrass, which are the habitat of crabs. The prohibition on using ecologically unfriendly fishing gear, such as mini trawl, in catching crabs and shrimps in the coastal area of ??Maros District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, has triggered horizontal conflicts between traditional fishermen from 1985 until now. This study aims to identify the types of fishing conflicts and analyze the distribution of conflict areas and the maximum fishing rate that could threaten the sustainability of crab (Portunus pelagicus) resources. This research was conducted from February to July 2022 in the coastal area of ??Maros, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The type of data is primary and secondary data. The data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The analysis data used qualitative by reducing and presenting data obtained from observations, interviews, and PRA, as well as spatial analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to describe the distribution map of fishermen's conflicts. The results showed that the types of conflicts between fishermen using crab resources were agrarian conflicts, technological conflicts, and perception conflicts between fishermen using trammel nets and traps and fishermen using mini trawls. Conflicts between fishermen in resource utilization crabs occur between ??2.71-3.26 km from the coast during dark moons and 2.17-3.26 km during bright moons. Fishing conflicts have an impact on decreasing crab catches from 2015 until 2021, where the fishing effort (trip) has exceeded the sustainable fishing effort (MSY) by 690 trips/year with a total catch of 1232.3 tons/year.

Measuring the Probability of Prohibition of the Spread of Wahhabism in Indonesia Based on Positive Law

The increasingly massive spread of Wahhabi ideology in Indonesia has given rise to reactive reactions among society, this is because Wahhabi preaching emphasizes the labeling of Bid'ah and Infidels towards other communities who have different understandings, and this has implications for the many horizontal conflicts that occur during public. Even though Indonesian society is known as a harmonious society amidst diversity and religion. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach, while the data collection technique used is a literature study. Then the data collected through the study of the text was compiled, then analyzed using the descriptive analysis method with a deductive mindset. The results of this research are that the Wahhabi ideology pioneered by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab is an understanding that is oriented towards purifying the creed, which at that time was considered to have experienced many setbacks along with the development of the tarekat's teachings. However, the movement for this understanding is often accompanied by doctrines of heresy, syrk, and infidelity which create polarization in society. In this position, the state constitutionally regulates that every society has the right to believe in beliefs and express thoughts and attitudes following their conscience, but if these beliefs and statements of belief are carried out by causing divisions in society, then this is where the role of the State is needed to ensure peace. and the harmony that is the identity of the Indonesian nation is maintained, meaning that there needs to be a firm stance from the government regarding the spread of Wahhabi ideology, and the Perppu is an alternative as well as a legal instrument that is very possible for the Government to implement to stop the spread of Wahhabi ideology in Indonesia and at the same time reflects this attitude. The government is firm against anyone who destroys the diversity of Indonesian society Keywords: Wahabi, Labeling, Horizontal Conflict

Hatespeech and the Challenges of Post-Election Law Enforcement in Indonesia

Cases of hate speech in various post-election countries show the strengthening of community polarization that leads to horizontal conflicts that have the potential to threaten the disintegration of a country. This potential is even greater because of the public's distrust of law enforcement that has been carried out by the government so far. This paper is a type of normative research using a statute approach and a comparative approach. The results of the study show that the government must take prevention as early as possible and carry out law enforcement objectively so as to reduce the potential for social conflicts that lead to violence and state disintegration

KONSEP DIRI ANGGOTA DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA (DPD – RI) PADA KONTEKS KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA

Indonesia is multicultural, which means that it does not only recognize the plurality of certain ethnic groups or cultures, but also emphasizes equality between these cultures. The existence of ethnicity should be considered as the nation's essential wealth that can be used to form social relations, to enrich the nation's cultural assets. In this case, multiculturalism accommodates two (2) things that are contradicted, namely 'Difference' and 'Equality'. Thus, despite the high level of heterogeneity, "vertical and horizontal conflicts", can be reduced because each culture is given the freedom to show its identity and carry out life more autonomously while getting equal recognition of the existence and uniqueness of each. This is the reason why this research was conducted at State Institutions such as DPD – RI.The purpose and objective of this research is to explore opinions and get a general idea of ​​how the strategy of DPD – RI Members to construct their self - concept based on their region of origin in the context of intercultural communication.This study uses a qualitative method with a constructivist paradigm that focuses on Alfred Schutz's tradition of social phenomenology, which is associated with the concept of symbolic interaction.The results showed that there were three (3) self - concept models of the informants, namely: the conservative model; adaptive; interactive, based on three (3) classification, namely: motive – adaptation – interaction.The conclusion obtained is that the scope of the informant's self-concept is not limited to social and political communication, but is closely related to intercultural communication. The slogan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” has become a symbol of intercultural communication for DPD – RI members as the end result of how they interpret their self - concept.

DINAMIKA SOCIAL PROTECTION POLICY: KEBIJAKAN PEMBERLAKUAN PEMBATASAN KEGIATAN MASYARAKAT (PPKM) ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

This article aims to explore the dynamics of the Policy for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) as a form of Social Protection Policy. The increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia requires the government to take quick action through the Emergency PPKM policy. Indonesia's entry into the 2nd wave of Covid-19 was marked by a significant increase in new additional cases in early July 2021. The implementation of this PPKM then gave rise to various vertical and horizontal dynamics and conflicts in the public sphere which are interesting for further review. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with secondary data collection techniques. Data acquisition is also supported through search results from Google Mobility and Google Trends to strengthen the analysis results. The results of this study explain that the PPKM policy was officially taken by the government to suppress the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Its application has proven to be effective in suppressing community mobility. The implementation of PPKM led to panic buying, increased demand for health products, to health facilities such as hospitals and health centers. The implementation of PPKM raises pros and cons, starting from the acceleration of vaccination, the use of the Peduli Protect application, integrated social welfare data to the emergence of the airport mafia. keywords: Covid-19; PPKM; Social Protection Policy;

Meta-Analisis Faktor Pendorong Aktivitas Antropogenik Terhadap Karakteristik Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut di Indonesia

The purpose of this research is the use of land in managing the land and doing environmentally friendly treatment in clearing the land. The method that was carried out by meta-analysis with 175 journal articles related to forest and land fires in Indonesia was then identified to produce an inventory of data for meta-analysis. The results of the research through an independence test between the factors driving fires from anthropogenic activities and the characteristics of fires indicate that the factor of weak law enforcement and protection in land tenure is significantly related to the characteristics of fires. The conclusions from this research are that land use rights must be clear and fair, concession holders have managed their land well and provide sanctions for those who violate the applicable regulations and the importance of developing innovations in clearing and managing peatlands without burning according to needs and providing benefits. economy, especially for small farmers, thereby reducing vertical and horizontal conflicts.
 Keywords: Land, Fire, Forest.