Homologous Plasma Research Articles

Bionic nanotheranostic for multimodal imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal cancer therapy.

In photothermal therapy (PTT), the photothermal conversion of the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window allows deeper penetration and higher laser irradiance and is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for deep tissues. Since cancer remains a leading cause of deaths worldwide, despite the numerous treatment options, we aimed to develop an improved bionic nanotheranostic for combined imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. We combined a gold nanobipyramid (Au NBP) as a photothermal agent and MnO2 as a magnetic resonance enhancer to produce core/shell structures (Au@MnO2; AM) and modified their surfaces with homologous cancer cell plasma membranes (PM) to enable tumour targeting. The performance of the resulting Au@MnO2@PM (AMP) nanotheranostic was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. AMP exhibits photothermal properties under NIR-II laser irradiation and has multimodal in vitro imaging functions. AMP enables the computed tomography (CT), photothermal imaging (PTI), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumours. In particular, AMP exhibited a remarkable PTT effect on cancer cells in vitro and inhibited tumour cell growth under 1064 nm laser irradiation in vivo, with no significant systemic toxicity. This study achieved tumour therapy guided by multimodal imaging, thereby demonstrating a novel strategy for the use of bionic gold nanoparticles for tumour PTT under NIR-II laser irradiation.

Osteocalcin levels evaluation of freeze-dried homologus platelet-rich plasma in periodontal treatment

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate enhanced osteocalcin levels by using freeze-dried homologous platelet-rich plasma (FD HPRP) in periodontal treatment to support the osteogenesis process.
 Material and Methods: FD HPRP was made by HPRP from the blood bank, then freeze-drying and for sterilization, the γ-radiation process was carried out with doses of 20 and 25 kGy. The osteoblast (Cell line MG63) was cultured to confluent and then treated with FD HPRP 20 kGy, FD HPRP 25 kGy. Osteocalcin levels were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the 7th and 14th days. The data were analyzed using a t test
 Results: There was a significant difference in the osteocalcin levels between FD HPRP 20 and FD HPRP 25 (p<0.05). Osteocalcin levels increased on day 14 in each group and the highest one on the 7th and 14th days was FD HPRP 25.
 Conclusion: The present results showed that FD HPRP with simple preparation could support the osteogenesis process

Role of Plasma Membrane at Dielectric Relaxations and Intermembrane Interaction in Human Erythrocytes.

Dielectric relaxations at 1.4 MHz (βsp) and 9 MHz (γ1sp) on the erythrocyte spectrin network were studied by dielectric spectroscopy using dense suspensions of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghost membranes, subjected to extraction with up to 0.2% volume Triton-X-100. The step-wise extraction of up to 60% of membrane lipids preserved γ1sp and gradually removed βsp-relaxation. On increasing the concentration up to 100 mM of NaCl at either side of erythrocyte plasma membranes, the βsp-relaxation was linearly enhanced, while the strength of γ1sp-relaxation remained unchanged. In media with NaCl between 100 and 150 mM βsp-relaxation became slightly inhibited, while γ1sp-relaxation almost disappeared, possibly due to the decreased electrostatic repulsion allowing erythrocytes to come into closer contact. When these media contained, at concentrations 10-30 mg/mL dextran (MW 7 kDa), polyethylene glycol or polyvinylpyrrolidone (40 kDa), or albumin or homologous plasma with equivalent concentration of albumin, the γ1sp-relaxation was about tenfold enhanced, while βsp-relaxation was strengthened or preserved. The results suggest the Maxwell-Vagner accumulation of ions on the lipid bilayer as an energy source for βsp-relaxation. While βsp-relaxation appears sensitive to erythrocyte membrane deformability, γ1sp-relaxation could be a sensitive marker for the inter-membrane interactions between erythrocytes.

Oxidative assessment of thawed donkey semen with seminal plasma, permeable and non-permeable cryoprotectants

During cryopreservation, donkey semen is exposed to oxidative and osmotic damage that alters the plasma membrane and causes alteration of sperm metabolism. In equids, the elimination of seminal plasma (SP) is a necessary process for the conservation of sperm in artificial conditions such as freezing, however, it is known that SP has an important role in physiological processes for sperm functions such as protection, transport, antioxidant defense, regulation of the inflammatory response in the uterus and interaction with the oocyte. The objective of this study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm, with different alternatives for donkey semen cryopreservation with permeable, non-permeable cryoprotectants and SP. Samples of semen were collected from ten Colombian Creole donkeys (Equus asinus), three ejaculates were collected from each donkey, for a total of 30 ejaculates. Eight treatments (T) were used with different combinations of 5% of dimethylformamide (DMF), 200 mM of sucrose (SUC), 1% of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 10% of homologous seminal plasma (SP), as following: T1: DMF, T2: DMF/SP, T3: SAC/BSA, T4: SAC/BSA/SP, T5: DMF/SAC/BSA, T6: DMF/SAC/BSA/SP, T7: DMF/BSA, T8: DMF/BSA/SP. Besides the treatment, sperm was extended in EquiPlus® and 5% of clarified egg yolk, until a sperm concentration of 100 × 106 spermatozoa/mL. Posthawing, TAC was evaluated by the cationic radicalmethod (ABTS) and by the method of oxygen trapping capacity (ORAC) methodologies, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide anion (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH-) content were evaluated by spectrofluorimetry; sperm viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) were measured by flow cytometry. For statistical analysis, a general linear model was fitted for each dependent variable. Normal distribution of variables was validated with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Means were compared by the Tukey's test. Treatments T3 and T4 presented higher TAC (p<0.05) (ABTS and ORAC) compared to T1. For ΔψM, the lowest mean value was 9.1% for T4 (p<0.05), corresponding to one of the treatments without permeable cryoprotectant and SP. For sperm viability, the lowest values were found in both treatments with non-permeable cryoprotectant. Moreover, the treatments that were supplemented with SP showed higher production of ROS (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of donkey semen with seminal plasma for cryopreservation does not alter the total antioxidant capacity; additionally, freezing semen with non-permeable cryoprotectants generates low sperm viability, low mitochondrial membrane potential and a high amount of reactive oxygen species and the composition of the freezing extender for donkey semen with seminal plasma influences the generation of total reactive oxygen species.

Engineering homologous platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes, and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes-based dual-crosslinked hydrogels as bioactive diabetic wound dressings

The management of diabetic wounds remains a critical therapeutic challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, PRP-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos), and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in wound treatment. Unfortunately, their poor mechanical properties, the short half-lives of growth factors (GFs), and the burst release of GFs and exosomes have limited their clinical applications. Furthermore, proteases in diabetic wounds degrade GFs, which hampers wound repair. Silk fibroin is an enzyme-immobilization biomaterial that could protect GFs from proteases. Herein, we developed novel dual-crosslinked hydrogels based on silk protein (SP) (sericin and fibroin), including SP@PRP, SP@MSC-Exos, and SP@PRP-Exos, to promote diabetic wound healing synergistically. SP@PRP was prepared from PRP and SP using calcium gluconate/thrombin as agonist, while SP@PRP-Exos and SP@MSC-Exos were derived from exosomes and SP with genipin as crosslinker. SP provided improved mechanical properties and enabled the sustained release of GFs and exosomes, thereby overcoming the limitations of PRP and exosomes in wound healing. The dual-crosslinked hydrogels displayed shear-induced thinning, self-healing, and eradication of microbial biofilms in a bone-mimicking environment. In vivo, the dual-crosslinked hydrogels contributed to faster diabetic wound healing than PRP and SP by upregulating GFs expression, down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and by promoting an anti-NETotic effect, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Hence, these dual-crosslinked hydrogels have the potential to be translated into a new generation of diabetic wound dressings.

Abstract 2526: The Bcl-2 family proteins in CLL: Effects by the cytogenetics, microenvironments and therapy

Abstract The balance between the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family proteins governs the fate of CLL cells and determines their response to therapeutics. Thus, we have developed an assay to quantify the Bcl-2 family proteins at the molecular level and express them as molecules/pg total protein. This set of proteins represents the 10 major Bcl-2 members in CLL: Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, BIM, BID, BMF, BAX, BAK, PUMA and Noxa. This analysis enabled us to evaluation of the interplay of these proteins and how they respond to cytogenetic aberrations, drug treatment or environmental changes. In 36 CLL samples that represent 6 districted cytogenetic features: normal cytogenetics, del17p, del11q, del13q14, 11q/13q double deletion, and trisomy 12, we found that the major anti-apoptotic proteins in CLL is Bcl-2, that averaged &amp;gt;9,000 molecules/pg of total protein. Mcl-1 was expressed at less than one tenth of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL was expressed less than one percent of Bcl-2 molecules. The major pro-apoptotic proteins were Bax and Puma which were expressed at similar levels to Bcl-2. Among the cytogenetic groups, there were significant increases of Bcl-2 in the 11q/13q group whereas Mcl-1 was increased in 11q and trisomy 12 groups compared to samples with normal cytogenetic characteristics. Next, we screened CLL response to different microenvironments by incubating primary CLL cells in vitro in media supplemented with either fetal bovine serum (FBS), patient autologous plasma, a layer of StromaNKtert cells representing the stroma cell support in the bone marrow, a B-cell activating media (BCA) that consisted of anti-CD40, IL-4 and anti-IgM to mimic the lymphoid microenvironment, or oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) plus IL-15 to represent the T-cell independent stimulation in the lymph nodes. Compared to FBS, homologous patient plasma moderately promoted CLL viability. However, stroma cells, BCA media as well ODN+IL-15 greatly induced levels of Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL and were more effective in promoting CLL survival. For the pro-apoptotic proteins, BMF was induced by BCA media, and PUMA, NOXA and BID were greatly induced by ODN+IL-15. We also examined the changes in Bcl-2 family proteins in response to therapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action, such as the CDK9 inhibitor fadraciclib, the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax, the Mcl-1 inhibitors AZD5991 and S63845, the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib, the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib and the splicing inhibitor herboxidiene. Fadraciclib and herboxidiene were effective in reducing Mcl-1 to induce apoptosis. While both the Mcl-1 inhibitors and carfilzomib increased the Mcl-1 level, and carfilzomib increased Noxa that counteracted its effect on Mcl-1. Puma was reduced by most of the drugs except ibrutinib. Thus, the systematic analysis of the Bcl-2 family proteins provide insights on how the interplay of members of this important family affects the destiny of the CLL cells. Citation Format: Rong Chen, Ping Xiong, Chaomei Liu, Yuling Chen, Yingjun Jiang, Varsha Gandhi, Nitin Jain, William Wierda, William Plunkett. The Bcl-2 family proteins in CLL: Effects by the cytogenetics, microenvironments and therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2526.

Effects of Autologous and Homologous Platelet Rich Plasma on Full Thickness Autologous Skin Graft in Dogs

Background: Wound healing is a complicated mechanism that includes inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling stages. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a small volume of blood plasma fortified with platelets and growth factors that enhance the healing by stimulating angiogenesis and formation of granulation tissue. Methods: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of autologous and homologous platelet rich plasma on full thickness dermatological reconstructive surgery in dogs. The dogs were divided in two groups A and B, each with four clinical cases. In groups A and B, autologous and homologous PRP was used respectively as skin graft augmentation. The macroscopic parameters of the study included colour, edema, exudation and histopathological parameters included acute inflammation, fibroblast proliferation and granulation tissue formation. All these observations were made on days 3, 7 and 14 post-operatively. Result: On the basis of findings of this study, it was concluded that autologous PRP is a better graft healing promoter in terms of self-limiting acute inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, granular tissue and early healing of graft as compared to homologous PRP.

Probing the chemical unfolding and phospholipid binding to the major protein of donkey seminal plasma, DSP-1 by fluorescence spectroscopy

Fibronectin type-II (FnII) proteins which constitute the major fraction in the seminal plasma of many mammals, bind to choline phospholipids on the spermatozoa and play a crucial role in sperm capacitation, which enables the sperm to fertilize the egg. In the current study, we have investigated the heterogeneity of microenvironment around the tryptophan residues in the major FnII protein of donkey seminal plasma, DSP-1, in the native state and upon ligand binding employing fluorescence methods. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies on the quenching of the protein intrinsic fluorescence employing neutral and ionic quenchers revealed that the environment of the tryptophan residues in DSP-1 is less heterogeneous as compared to other homologous seminal plasma FnII proteins PDC-109 (bovine) and HSP-1/2 (equine). The quenching was decreased by ligand binding with choline containing lipids, Lyso-PC and DMPC providing stronger shielding of the Trp residues than the soluble ligand, phosphorylcholine, which is most likely due to segment(s) of the protein penetrating into the hydrophobic interior of the lipid membrane/micelles. Studies on the chaotrope-induced unfolding of DSP-1 revealed that disulfide bonds in the FnII domains of the protein prevent its complete unfolding, and that cooperativity of unfolding is also modulated by polydispersity of the protein.

Comparison of topical 0.03% tacrolimus and homologous injectable platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is predominantly an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory ocular disease that is commonly diagnosed in dogs. This study aimed to compare the conventional use of topical immunosuppressant tacrolimus 0.03% eye drops and a new therapy injectable homologous platelet-rich plasma (HPRP) into the third eyelid gland and inferior and superior palpebral conjunctiva of dogs with KCS. A total of 66 eyes from 33 dogs were evaluated. The eyes were divided into three equal groups: Negative control group, tacrolimus group (TG), and homologous platelet-rich plasma group (HPRPG). The animals were evaluated using the Schirmer's tear test-1 (STT-1), osmolarity test (OT), strip meniscometry test (SMT), tear film break-up test (TBUT), fluorescein test, lissamine green test (LGT), and cytological and histopathological analyses. In TG, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the STT-1 and SMT values, and goblet cell count in the palpebral conjunctiva by the end of the study. In HPRPG, 36% (four dogs) received three applications, 55% (six dogs) received two applications, and 9% (one dog) received one application before the initial ocular signs improved. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the lymphocyte and neutrophil counts of the palpebral conjunctiva in HPRPG than in TG. Both groups showed equivalent improvements in TBUT, OT, and LGT values. Tacrolimus 0.03% eye drops were more efficient than HPRP in increasing tear production and the number of goblet cells. However, injectable HPRP was more efficient than tacrolimus in decreasing the number of conjunctival inflammatory cells. Treatment with injectable HPRP requires an average of two to three applications, is safe and feasible, and can be used as a cheaper alternative or as an adjuvant to conventional treatment with topical immunosuppressants.

The Effect of Autologous and Homologous Platelets-Rich Plasma Gel on Cutaneous Wound Healing In Rescued Donkeys: A Comparative Study

The Effect of Autologous and Homologous Platelets-Rich Plasma Gel on Cutaneous Wound Healing In Rescued Donkeys: A Comparative Study

Erythrocyte aggregation in sudden flow arrest is linked to hyperthermia, hypoxemia, and band 3 availability

BackgroundErythrocyte aggregation is a phenomenon that is commonly found in several pathological disease states: stroke, myocardial infarction, thermal burn injury, and COVID‐19. Erythrocyte aggregation is characterized by rouleaux, closely packed stacks of cells, forming three‐dimensional structures. Healthy blood flow monodisperses the red blood cells (RBCs) throughout the vasculature; however, in select pathological conditions, involving hyperthermia and hypoxemia, rouleaux formation remains and results in occlusion of microvessels with decreased perfusion. ObjectivesOur objective is to address the kinetics of rouleaux formation with sudden cessation of flow in variable temperature and oxygen conditions. MethodsRBCs used in this in vitro system were obtained from healthy human donors. Using a vertical stop‐flow system aligned with a microscope, images were acquired and analyzed for increased variation in grayscale to indicate increased aggregation. The onset of aggregation after sudden cessation of flow was determined at proscribed temperatures (37–49°C) and oxygen (0%, 10%), and in the presence and absence of 4, 4′‐Diisothiocyano‐2,2′‐stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). Both autologous and homologous plasma were tested. ResultsRBCs in autologous plasma aggregate faster and with a higher magnitude with both hyperthermia and hypoxemia. Preventing deoxyhemoglobin from binding to band 3 with DIDS (dissociates the cytoskeleton from the membrane) fully blocks aggregation. Further, RBC aggregation magnitude is greater in autologous plasma. ConclusionsWe show that the C‐terminal domain of band 3 plays a pivotal role in RBC aggregation. Further, aggregation is enhanced by hyperthermia and hypoxemia.

Circulating Plasma miRNA Homologs in Mice and Humans Reflect Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease.

Patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) inherit germline loss of function mutations and are susceptible to progressive development of brain lesions and neurological sequelae during their lifetime. To date, no homologous circulating molecules have been identified that can reflect the presence of germ line pathogenetic CCM mutations, either in animal models or patients. We hypothesize that homologous differentially expressed (DE) plasma miRNAs can reflect the CCM germline mutation in preclinical murine models and patients. Herein, homologous DE plasma miRNAs with mechanistic putative gene targets within the transcriptome of preclinical and human CCM lesions were identified. Several of these gene targets were additionally found to be associated with CCM-enriched pathways identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. DE miRNAs were also identified in familial-CCM patients who developed new brain lesions within the year following blood sample collection. The miRNome results were then validated in an independent cohort of human subjects with real-time-qPCR quantification, a technique facilitating plasma assays. Finally, a Bayesian-informed machine learning approach showed that a combination of plasma levels of miRNAs and circulating proteins improves the association with familial-CCM disease in human subjects to 95% accuracy. These findings act as an important proof of concept for the future development of translatable circulating biomarkers to be tested in preclinical studies and human trials aimed at monitoring and restoring gene function in CCM and other diseases.

Targeting the S2 Subsite Enables the Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Highly Selective Factor XIa Inhibitors.

FXIa inhibition has been a promising strategy for treating thrombotic diseases. Up to date, many small-molecule FXIa inhibitors have been identified; however, most of them exhibit undesirable selectivity over the homologous plasma kallikrein (PKal). By employing structure-based drug design strategies, we identified many novel selective FXIa inhibitors that have extra interactions with the S2 subsite of FXIa. Among them, compound 35 displayed good inhibitory activity against FXIa and high selectivity over PKal and even several other serine proteases. Additionally, 35 showed significant anticoagulant activity toward the intrinsic pathway without affecting the extrinsic pathway. In vivo, 35 exhibited significant antithrombotic activity without increasing the bleeding risk and obvious toxicity in mice, demonstrating that it could be a promising candidate for further research. This study first demonstrates the importance of the S2 subsite of FXIa, paving the way to design highly selective FXIa inhibitors for clinical uses.

​Evaluation of Homologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Drop and Leucocyte Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Membrane for Corneal Ulcer Healing in Dogs

Background: To evaluate use of homologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) drop and leucocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) clot/membrane as regenerative therapy for healing of corneal ulcer in dogs and its subsequent comparison with conventional therapy. Methods: In this randomized study, 30 dogs were divided into three groups of 10 animals each. It was ensured each group had grade I, II and III ulcers. Group I received medicinal treatment with antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drop. In Group II PRP drops and in Group III L-PRF membrane was used to evaluate corneal ulcer healing. Homologous platelet concentrates were prepared in laboratory and used for assessment of healing on various grades of corneal ulcer on basis on reduction in size and depth of ulcer, presence of stromal infiltration, scleral involvement, corneal opacity and vascularization. Result: Post treatment, the size of corneal ulcer started to reduce gradually from day 7 onwards. Significant (p≤0.05) reduction was observed from day 10 in group I after instillation of drops Moxifloxacin and Flurbiprofen and in group II after instillation of PRP. It was measured as 5.35 ± 0.63 and 5.20 ± 0.98 mm at day 0, which reduced significantly (p≤0.05) to 3.90 ± 0.50 and 3.10 ± 0.98 mm at day 10 in group I and group II respectively. In group III there was significant reduction in size of ulcer from day 0 to day 7 measuring 7.80 ± 1.05 and 0.20 ± 0.11mm respectively. Thereafter, from day 10 onwards complete sealing of ulcer was observed in all the cases. Post treatment there was no significant reduction in corneal opacity from day 0 to day 30 in group I dogs and corneal opacity persisted specially in grade II and grade III ulcers. There was significant reduction (p≤0.05) in opacity from 2.90 ± 0.35 to 2.10 ± 0.38 and 3.00 ± 0.37 to 2.40 ± 0.34 in group II and group III dogs from day 0 to day 10 respectively. In group I, II and III there was significant (p≤0.05) reduction in vascularization from 1.50±0.30 to 1.20±0.13, 1.30±0.37 to 0.60±0.22 and 1.40±0.31 to 0.40±0.31 from day 0 to day 15 respectively. There was a significant reduction in vascularization on day 15 in group II and group III compared to group I animals.

​​The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Wound Healing in the Repair of Experimental Penile Fractures

Background: Penile fractures are caused by the rupture of the tunica albuginea and the underlying layers of corpus cavernosum as a result of the exposure of the erect penis to blunt trauma. Although conservative treatment methods have been recommended in former studies, recent studies favor early surgical options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a blood product rich in cytokines and several growth factors, obtained from the patient’s own blood commonly used to stimulate healing in acute and chronic wound treatments. The efficiency of homologous PRP treatment in rats with penile fractures have been assessed in terms of clinical manifestation and histopathological findings in the present study. Methods: Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups, each containing seven rats as follows: 1. Conservative group: Following the formation of penile fracture, medical interventions were not initiated on fracture area and the wound was left for secondary healing. 2. Bandage group: Following the formation of penile fracture, self-adherent elastic bandage (3M Coban) was applied to the fracture area for three days. 3. Primary repair group: Following the formation of a penile fracture, the lacerated area was repaired with 7/0 vicryl primary sutures. 4. Primary repair + Homologous Platelet Rich Plasma group: Before the operation, 10 cc of blood was taken from one rat under general anesthesia by intracardiac puncture and PRP material was prepared from this blood. Homologous PRP was topically administered on the wound in the fracture area and then the penile fracture was repaired with 7/0 vicryl as simple separate stitches. 5. Non-operative control group: Surgical procedures were not applied to this group; it was used as the control group. Result: The effect of the PRP treatments on the surgical repair options in the rats with penile fractures was investigated. The present findings revealed that following the repair with conservative treatments, the fracture format persisted and various complications like infection, oedema, excessive fibrosis and hyperemia were encountered. On the other hand, the best healing was achieved in primary repair + PRP group in terms of clinical manifestation and histopathological findings.

Diagnostics of homologous solar-surge plasma as observed by IRIS and SDO

ABSTRACT Surges have regularly been observed in mostly H α 6563 Å and Ca ii 8542 Å. However, surge responses to other prominent lines of the interface region (Mg ii k 2796.35 Å and h 2803.52 Å, O iv 1401.15 Å, Si iv 1402.77 Å) are not well studied. Here, the evolution and kinematics of six homologous surges are analysed using IRIS and AIA observations. These surges were observed on 2014 July 7 and were located very close to the limb. A differential emission measure analysis is performed on these surges where the coexistence of cool (log T/K = 6.35) and relatively hot (log T/K = 6.95) components has been found at the base. This demonstrates that the bases of surges undergo substantial heating. During the emission of these surges in the above-mentioned interface-region lines, reported here for the first time, two peaks have been observed in the initial phase of emission, where one peak is found to be constant while other one varies; i.e. is non-constant (observed red- to blueshifts across the surge evolution) in nature. This suggests the rotational motion of surge plasma. The heated base and rotating plasma suggest the occurrence of magnetic reconnection as the most likely trigger for homologous surges. During the emission of these surges, it is found that, despite them being optically thick (i.e. Rkh &amp;lt; 2.0), central reversal was not observed for the Mg ii k and h lines. Further, Rkh increases with surge emission in time and it is found to have a positive correlation with Doppler velocity and negative with Gaussian width.

L-ARGININE AND L-GLUTAMIC ACID INCREASE THE CONTENT OF PROTEIN C IN THE EARLY STAGES OF ISOLATION FROM DONOR PLASMA

Current large-scale production of blood-derived pharmacological preparations is aimed at expanding the list of products and deeper extraction of target proteins especially at the pre-purification stage. In particular, this problem becomes critical for the isolation of proteins like protein C (PC), which is present in plasma in trace amounts. Aim. We aimed to improve the buffer composition to minimize the interaction of PC with other proteins and lipids that are inevitably present in the stock material. Methods. The content of protein C in plasma and its derivatives was assessed by the amidolytic activity to the chromogenic substrate S2366. A decrease in homologous impurities and plasma enrichment with protein C was provided by selective bulk adsorption on DEAE-cellulose. Results. Here we describe that an equimolar mixture of two amino acids (L-arginine and L-glutamic acid) essentially increased the content of protein C at the stage of cryo-depleted plasma pre-purification, including initial dilution and subsequent enrichment of plasma with protein C due to selective bulk adsorption on DEAE- cellulose. Additionally, it was revealed that solutions of these amino acids, when combined, inhibit the induced amidolytic activity of protein C and increase its solubility (in contrast to other plasma proteases). Conclusion. Pre-adding of a mixture of amino acids L-arginine and L-glutamic acid to cryo-depleted plasma significantly optimizes the pre-purification stage of protein C, providing a 5-fold increase in its yield after elution from DEAE-cellulose.

Use of platelet concentrate gel in second-intention wound healing: a case\xa0report

BackgroundWound healing is a complex and dynamic process. Healing of acute and chronic wounds can be impaired by patient factors (that is, comorbidities) and/or wound factors (that is, infection). Regenerative medicine products, such as autologous/homologous platelet-rich plasma gel, may speed up the healing process. Autologous/homologous platelet-rich plasma is an advanced wound therapy used for hard-to-heal acute and chronic wounds. The cytokines and growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma play a crucial role in the healing process.Case presentationA 61-year-old Caucasian male patient, suffering from mental retardation following meningitis, with a transplanted kidney due to prior renal impairment, and under immunosuppressant therapy, was submitted to aneurysmectomy of his proximal left forearm arteriovenous fistula. A few days later, the patient came to our attention with substantial blood loss from the surgical site. The wound presented no signs of healing, and after fistula reparation and considering persistent infection of the surgical site (by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), surgeons decided for second-intention healing. To favor healing, 10 mL homologous platelet concentrate gel was sequentially applied. After each application, wound was covered with nonadherent antiseptic dressing. After only seven applications of homologous platelet concentrate gel, wound completely recovered and no amputation was necessary.ConclusionsTopical application of homologous platelet-rich plasma gel in healing wound shows beneficial results in wound size reduction and induces granulation tissue formation. Platelet-rich plasma could be a safe and cost-effective treatment for managing the cutaneous wound healing process to shorten the recovery period and thereby improve patient quality of life.

In Vitro Osteogenic Potential of Freeze-Dried Homologous Platelet-Rich Plasma

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is paid attention for regenerative therapy because it clinically improves neoangiogenesis and periodontal regeneration. PRP can be made in form of homologous PRP (HPRP) from healthy, screened, and habitual blood donors and freeze-dried to increase stored time of HPRP and maintain growth factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate freeze-dried homologous platelet-rich plasma (FD HPRP) on osteogenesis. Material and Methods: HPRP was taken from the blood bank and then a freeze-drying and γ-radiation process was carried out with doses of 20 and 25 KGy, respectively, for the sterilization. Blood was collected as much as 10 mL and then centrifuged at 700 rpm for 3 minutes to produce injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) as a positive control. Cell line MG63 were cultured to confluent, and then treated with FD HPRP 20 kGy, FD HPRP 25 kGy, iPRF, and one group non treated as a negative control. Osteocytes were determined based on morphology after hematoxylin staining to see the differentiation process. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There was a significant difference in the number of osteocytes between FD HPRP and negative control (P < 0.05). The number of osteocytes FD HPRP 25 was higher than FD HPRP 20. Conclusion: The present results indicate that FD HPRP could support the bone regeneration and used without any preparation like fresh PRP.

Awareness about Regenerative Therapy with of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) among Dental Students

Platelet Rich Plasma(PRP), serving as a vehicle and wellspring of development factors, is a homologous plasma formulation with congregated platelets broadly studied for its applications as a scaffold in cell-based intervention and tissue engineering. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness about regenerative therapy with platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) among dental students. A cross-sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire with ten questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about PRP regenerative therapy in surgical applications, their uses, periodontal applications, surgical applications and bone healing. The responses were recorded and . 82% of the respondents were aware of surgical applications of PRP regenerative therapy. 73% were aware of uses of regenerative therapy. 77% of the respondents were aware of periodontal applications of PRP regenerative therapy. 75% of the respondents were aware of surgical implant applications of PRP regenerative therapy. 78 % of the respondents were aware of bone healing properties of PRP regenerative therapy. The awareness about the use of PRP regenerative therapy in dentalapplications is high among dental students. Increased awareness programs and sensitization and continuing dental education programs along with more significant importance to the curricular modifications, can further enhance knowledge and awareness about PRP regenerative therapy.