Homogeneous Product Research Articles

The ELiPSE-1 study: A phase 1, multicenter, open-label study of CNTY-101 in subjects with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell malignancies.

TPS7580 Background: Century Therapeutics’ foundational technology is built on induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiated from allogeneic approaches that utilize non-renewable donor-derived cells. This approach allows production of a clonal cell bank of precisely edited cells that can be expanded and differentiated to supply large amounts of homogeneous allogeneic therapeutic products for off-the-shelf use. CNTY-101 is an allogeneic Chimeric Antigen Receptor NK (CAR-NK) cell product with genetic modifications designed to specifically target CD19-expressing B-cell malignancies, reduce allorejection in the recipient allowing for repeat dosing, increase persistence, and enable cell elimination in the event of unexpected adverse events. CNTY-101, as a CAR-NK product, has the potential for improved safety over T-cell based cellular therapies. Methods: This first-in-human study will determine the MTD and recommended Phase 2 regimen (RP2R) of CNTY-101 in combination with subcutaneous (SC) IL-2 in patients with R/R aggressive and indolent CD19-positive B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma, who are without other treatment options. Part 1 of the study (dose escalation using the BOIN design) will start with a dose of CNTY-101 cells without IL-2 (1 to 3 subjects), followed by dose escalation up to four dose cohorts administering a single dose of CNTY-101 cells in combination with IL-2 daily for 8 days (Sched A). After the single-dose MTD (or the maximal single dose) has been reached, a fractionated schedule of 3 doses per 28-day cycle, administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 (Sched B), will also be explored, starting with approximately one-third the maximum single dose level of CNTY-101, followed by escalation/de-escalation. Subjects in whom CNTY-101 shows signs of clinical benefit (i.e. stable disease or better per Lugano 2014 criteria) may receive additional cycles of CNTY-101 if the Investigator, Sponsor, and appropriate regulatory authorities, as required, concur that the benefit-risk is positive. One overall CNTY-101 RP2R will be declared in Part 1. Part 2, expansion, will further evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of the CNTY-101 regimen, treating up to an additional 12 subjects to reach a total of approximately 20 subjects treated at the RP2R. In addition to safety and efficacy endpoints, the trial will evaluate exploratory PK, immunogenicity and pharmacodynamic endpoints including evaluations of tumor cfDNA, iNK tumor trafficking and serum cytokines. Clinical trial information: NCT05336409 .

On the Problem of Efficient Management of Homogeneous Products Supply Chains to Various Customers

he article considers the Logistics_SAP task which combines a number of subtasks that arise when fulfilling orders for some homogeneous products to various customers: managing the supply and purchase of the necessary raw materials for the manufactured products; inventory management; search for the optimal route of delivering products to various customers, taking into account their best placement in motor vehicles (MV). It is proposed that the listed subtasks should be integrated as an eXternal system into some modules in SAP to ensure efficient supply chain management with the orders for the manufactured products. Mathematical models, algorithms of the considered tasks and a real world eXample are provided in the article.

Hausdorff and packing dimensions of homogeneous product Moran sets

Let be the collection of homogeneous product Moran sets determined by two sequences of positive integers , and two sequences of positive numbers , . We obtain the maximal and minimal values of the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of elements in .

Competition with list prices

Retail prices in stores are often lower than widely advertised list prices. We study the competitive role of such list prices in a homogeneous product duopoly where firms first set list prices before setting possibly reduced retail prices. Building on Varian (1980), we assume that some consumers observe no prices, some observe all prices, and some only observe the more salient list prices. We show that when the latter group chooses myopically, firms' ability to use list prices lowers average transaction prices. This effect is weakened when these consumers are rational. The possibility to use list prices facilitates collusion.

Network DEA and Its Applications (2017–2022): A Systematic Literature Review

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the fastest growing approaches to solving management problems for the multi-criteria evaluation of the efficiency of homogeneous production systems. The general trend in recent years has been the development of network DEA (NDEA) models, which can consider the complicated structure of Decision Making Units (DMUs) and, therefore, can be more informative from the point of view of management science than traditional DEA models. The aim of this study is the systematization and clarification of general trends in the development of NDEA applications over the past 6 years (2017–2022). This study uses the methodology of a systematic literature review, which includes the analysis of the dynamics of the development of the topic, the selection of the main clusters of publications according to formal (citation, branches of knowledge, individual researchers) and informal (topics) criteria, and the analysis of their content. This review reveals that, most frequently, network structures are used for bank models, supply chain models, models of eco-efficiency of complex production systems, models of innovation processes, and models of universities or their departments and healthcare systems. Two-stage models, where the outputs of the first stage are the inputs of the second (intermediate outputs), are the most commonly used. However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable tendency to complicate DEA models and introduce hierarchical structures into them.

DEVELOPMENT OF A 50-LITRE BATCH CAPACITY INDUSTRIAL MIXER

This work focused on the development of a 50- litre batch capacity industrial mixer using locally sourced material. The essence is to produce an industrial liquid mixer that is relatively cheap and easily affordable. The design is simplified in such a way that limits operational hazards. The development of the machine involved the use of simple fabrication techniques and methods for each component part so as to eliminate unnecessary complexity, for ease of maintenance. The electric motor capacity is 0.5hp. Calculation results gave the volume of vessel as 70. 372 liters, the total tension on the belt as 1033.063N, the force acting on the impeller as 197.867N, the power required to drive the 2 impellers as 22.694Watts (0.0304hp), the belt length as 254.435mm, the minimum length of the shaft as 760mm, the equivalent bending moment acting on the shaft as 142.603Nm, the equivalent twisting moment acting on the shaft as 71.371Nm, the shaft diameter as 20.5mm. Performance testing shows that the machine performed well as expected. The highly homogeneous product obtained during testing proves the viability of the machine and is indicative of the overall efficiency of the machine.

Logging operations creating snags, logs, and stumps under open and closed canopies promote stand-scale beetle diversity

Conservation tools to enrich habitat diversity in the widely distributed homogeneous production forests include stumps as logging residues but also the intentional creation of logs or snags, as well as varying canopy conditions. While an open canopy has been shown to foster forest biodiversity, the impact of different deadwood types at stand scale is less clear, which is crucial since this is the most relevant scale for silvicultural decisions. In this study, we experimentally manipulated canopy conditions (open vs. closed) and created deadwood (stumps, logs, snags) in different combinations in five mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests to test the potential of active manipulations to increase the diversity of beetles, one of the most diverse insect orders in temperate forests. We estimated abundance, species number and species richness (controlled for abundance) of saproxylic (i.e., deadwood-dependent) and non-saproxylic beetles using flight-interception traps and analyzed species assemblages within the first 3 years of the experiment. Using generalized linear mixed effect models we found a 33.7 % and 43.4 % higher abundance as well as a 26.1 % and 23.5 % higher species number under open canopies for saproxylic and non-saproxylic beetles respectively, accompanied by a higher species richness of both groups. Stands with deadwood had a 38.6 % and 32.7 % higher species number followed by higher species richness of saproxylic and non-saproxylic beetles compared to stands without manipulation but manipulations did not affect beetle abundances. We identified sampling year, followed by canopy condition and deadwood type (in addition to an overall higher impact of spatial distance between stands and sites) by applying multiple regression analyses as most important to explain species assemblages of both beetle groups. Saproxylic abundance and species number in stump treatments were initially high but decreased over 3 years, while treatments containing snags and logs resulted in an increase in both abundance and species number over time. These temporal trends were mediated by canopy cover. Our findings provide three major insights for biodiversity-orientated management in mature beech forests: First, opening the canopy increases the stand-scale abundance, species number, and species richness of saproxylic and non-saproxylic beetles. Second, while stumps are attractive for saproxylics shortly after the logging operation, snags and logs provide longer-lasting deadwood resources, thus underlining longer sustainability of snag and log enrichment for forest biodiversity. Third, deadwood enrichment at the stand scale promotes not only deadwood-dependent but also other beetle species.

Analysis on the Marketing Strategy of New Tea Drinks in China: A Case Study of HEYTEA

With an improvement in living standards, more and more people choose to buy tea drinks or coffee to improve their daily satisfaction with life. As consumers prefer to consume in the tea shops they are familiar with, for instance, some old brands, new companies entering the tea market will soon be eliminated or even bankrupt because they are not well-known enough and consumers do not consume their products. Therefore, how to stand out from homogeneous products and seize more market share is the main problem for companies in the tea market. Through a literature review and a case study, this paper analyzes HEYTEA's marketing strategy in detail. In conclusion, HEYTEA uses effective strategies such as co-branding and different forms of sales and publicity to differentiate its products from other products, thereby avoiding excessive homogeneity and seizing a huge share of the competitive tea market.

Pareto efficiency as alternative to Nash equilibrium in competitive discrete location under delivered pricing

We address the facility location problem for firms that sell an homogeneous product and compete on delivered prices. If the firms set equilibrium prices at each market, the problem can be seen as a location game for which there exists a Nash equilibrium if demand is inelastic. However, this equilibrium may be Pareto-inefficient and the firms could decide to collude if they can guarantee themselves higher payoffs than those prescribed by the equilibrium. The aim of this paper is to study the joint profit maximization problem to obtain a collusive solution of the location game (Pareto-efficient) and determine if such a solution is also a Nash equilibrium. We develop Integer Linear Programming models to find Pareto-efficient solutions for multiple and single facility location. Nash equilibria are obtained by the best response procedure. An empirical investigation is performed to compare the joint profit of the firms and the profit of each one of the firms, got through the Pareto-efficient locations, with those got through the Nash equilibrium.

Determination of fines in recycled paper

Abstract Waste paper, the use of which is increasing day by day as a raw material, has a heterogeneous structure as it contains non-fiber material from different sources. It is desired to have a homogeneous product when recycled. Within the scope of this study, the SEM images of the raw materials determined according to EN 643 standard and the products made with the recycling of these raw materials were examined, ash content, fines content and ash on sieve were stated and the results obtained by determining filler content (removed) and fiber fines (removed) were discussed. While the samples with the highest ash content were H3 and U3, the lowest samples were H6 and U9. It was determined that the samples with the highest fines content were H2 and U1, while the lowest samples were H4 and U2. While the samples with the highest ash on sieve were H3 and U3, the samples with the least were determined as H2 and U9. The filler content was highest in H1 and U3 samples, while the lowest was in H6 and U9 samples. The samples with the most fiber fines were found as H2 and U9, and the least as H1 and U3 samples.

Pentecostal Christianity and Traditional Religion in Nigerian Video Films by Edo-Language Filmmakers

ABSTRACT This article examines the representation of Pentecostal Christianity and African traditional religion in Edo-language (also known as Bini or Benin) video films. It discusses this in relation to English-language Nigerian religious video filmmakers’ demonisation of African traditional religion in their films. The article responds to Birgit Meyer’s work in her article “Religious Remediations: Pentecostal Views in Ghanaian Video-Movies”. It adopts an ethnographic approach based on participant observation, and uses interviews with key Edo-language video filmmakers. The current scholarship on Nigerian religious video films mainly focuses on the representation of religions in English-language Nollywood films and creates the impression that the Nigerian video film industry is an area of homogeneous cultural production. In contrast, Edo-language film producers do not privilege Pentecostal Christianity or traditional religion in their films but use the values of the two religions, which they see as similar, to edify Edo citizens and to promote the wellbeing of Benin society. This article therefore challenges the view that all Nigerian films represent traditional religion negatively and calls for greater recognition of the particularity of indigenous-language religious video films.

Sustainable Management of Anaerobic Digestate: From Biogas Plant to Full-Scale Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

In the last decades, the number of studies about the valorization of agricultural by-products has strongly increased due to the growing focus on the circular economy. In this context, mushroom cultivation is raising attention for its nutritional properties and adaptability to different growing conditions. The goal of this project is, therefore, to create a link between two production chains, valorizing the solid anaerobic digestate fraction from the biogas plant as a potential substrate for Pleurotus ostreatus full-scale cultivation. A preliminary in vitro trial shows that the mycelia can colonize at the same rate in both the conventional substrate, which was wheat straw added with sunflower cake and the experimental ones supplemented with corn digestate. The most important and innovative part of the work was full-scale cultivation. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that P. ostreatus is capable of growing on the conventional substrate as well as on the substrate containing 15% of digestate without reducing the mushroom harvest. Even better, digestate seems to stimulate a precocious and more homogeneous production. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses on the fruiting bodies confirm the results; in fact, mushrooms show a comparable structural composition, highlighted with FTIR and SERS spectroscopic evaluations. Moreover, the nutrient content did not change due to the addition of digestate. These promising results demonstrate that anaerobic digestate can become a resource for P. ostreatus cultivation without production losses and maintaining the same qualitative characteristics.

Development of carbon capture coating to improve the durability of concrete structures

A novel carbon capture (CC) coating was developed using CO2-activated dicalcium silicate, aiming to enhance the durability of concrete structures and sequestrate CO2. The carbonation products, microstructure and effects validation of the CC coating were investigated. The results showed that the CC coating could achieve a relatively high carbonation degree of 23.3% after 30-min carbonation. The moisture-saturated environment in the CC coating facilitated the formation of a gradient structure with relatively homogeneous carbonation products, i.e. small CaCO3 crystals (calcite, aragonite, and amorphous CaCO3) and highly polymerized silica gel, thereby rapidly densifying the microstructure. The CC coating with a thickness of approximately 200 μm significantly improved the concrete durability (decreasing the capillary water absorption by 20.5% after 30-min carbonation) and exhibited a satisfactory bonding strength (2.74 MPa after 30-min carbonation), which has a promising application scenario in extending the service life of concrete structures and reducing the carbon emissions.

Exploring the reliability of 222Rn as a tracer of groundwater age in alluvial aquifers: Insights from the explicit simulation of variable 222Rn production

Knowledge of groundwater residence times (GRT; the time elapsed since surface water infiltration) between losing rivers and pumping wells is crucial for management of water resources in alluvial aquifers. The radioactive noble gas radon-222 (222Rn) has been used for decades as a natural indicator of surface water infiltration, as it can provide quantitative information on GRT. However, models using 222Rn as a tracer of GRT are often based on a set of highly simplifying assumptions, including spatially homogenous 222Rn production and exclusively advective mass transport within the aquifer. In this paper, we use the integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model HydroGeoSphere (HGS) to simulate 222Rn transport, production, and decay in a bank filtration context. Spatially variable 222Rn production, based on experimental data, is explicitly considered. We show that variable 222Rn production rates, coupled with hydrodispersive mixing of groundwater, may lead to large biases in GRT estimates. Under certain transient conditions however, changes in tracer-derived GRTs correlate well with changes in mean groundwater age. Whereas 222Rn-derived GRTs may only be reliable under a narrow range of field conditions, 222Rn may serve as a powerful tracer of changes in mean GRT even in complex and heterogenous environments.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДИАПАЗОНА ФРАХТОВОЙ СТАВКИ В ТРАМПОВОМ СУДОХОДСТВЕ

Trump shipping, despite large quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the world fleet, the
 emergence of new forms of organization of maritime transport, continues to be one of the most important elements
 of international trade. The global freight market for tramp tonnage is a market of perfect competition for
 the following reasons: a large number of sellers and buyers of homogeneous products independently operate
 on it; each of them cannot significantly affect the level of freight rates and has fairly complete information
 about prices and costs. Due to the fact that tramp ships are not associated with a specific navigation area and
 go where there is a need, the tramp market is sensitive to changes in supply and demand, it is characterized by
 significant fluctuations in freight rates. In this regard, the research topic is relevant.
 Within the framework of the article, the authors propose a methodical approach to determining the possible
 range of freight rates in tramp shipping, taking into account the input parameters of the upcoming voyage and
 the current state of the freight market. The practical calculations carried out allowed us to conclude that today
 for ships of the size "Handymax" in the geographical section of the Black Sea-Mediterranean Sea, the gap
 between the minimum and maximum possible freight rates for ships of the same age can reach four dollars per
 1 ton of cargo

From macro to micro and macro back: Macroeconomic trade elasticities in a developing economy

A long tradition in economic theory has seen the real exchange rate (RER) as a key determinant of trade performance. Several empirical studies, however, have found low estimates of macro trade elasticities and, as a result, questioned this argument. In this paper, we show that to understand and estimate the effect of RER on trade performance, it is crucial to explore the existence of heterogeneous responses of individual products to RER movements. Using trade data from Argentina, we employ the Mean Group method to estimate macro trade elasticities by individual products disaggregated at four digits of the SITC; rev.2. We find a wide range of heterogeneous responses of exports and imports to RER movements at the individual product level. We find that the estimated RER-elasticities in differentiated products and labor-intensive manufacturing goods are substantially larger than those of primary and homogeneous products. Based on the estimated elasticities at the product level, we obtain a “low” aggregate RER-elasticity of exports when we weigh them by the country’s trade basket. We show that this result is a consequence of Argentina’s economic structure, a country whose exports are heavily specialized in primary and homogeneous products. Our results are important because they help build a bridge between two conflicting views in the RER-economic development literature. Even in countries with “low” aggregate macro RER-elasticities, the real exchange rate may be an important variable for economic performance. An undervalued RER may facilitate economic growth by stimulating investment in activities producing more complex/differentiated goods in countries that specialize in the production of primary and homogeneous goods and, as a result, have “low” trade elasticities. This seems to be the case of several countries in Latin America, including Argentina.

Numerical simulation of Sutterby hybrid nanoliquid flow between two concentric cylinders with thermal radiation

A numerical analysis is performed to scrutinize the heat transport of the Sutterby hybrid nanofluid flow between two concentric cylinders. This work incorporates ethylene glycol as a base liquid immersed with Al2O3 and TiO2 nanomaterials. A uniform magnetic field is employed in the existence of radiative heat, Ohmic heating, and in homogeneous heat production or absorption to investigate base fluid and hybrid nanofluids’ motion and thermal transfer properties. The flow model is constructed and solved mathematically utilizing the Keller–Box method and MATLAB software. Comparable outcomes for base liquid and cross-nanoliquid are discovered and explained. The subject of the research work is the use of solar energy with parabolic trough solar collectors. It is discovered that the thermal transmission rate of hybrid nanofluid is more remarkable than base liquid. The magnetic field’s drag force can control the flow and heat regions.

Dipeptide-Derived Alkynes as Potent and Selective Irreversible Inhibitors of Cysteine Cathepsins.

The potential of designing irreversible alkyne-based inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins by isoelectronic replacement in reversibly acting potent peptide nitriles was explored. The synthesis of the dipeptide alkynes was developed with special emphasis on stereochemically homogeneous products obtained in the Gilbert-Seyferth homologation for C≡C bond formation. Twenty-three dipeptide alkynes and 12 analogous nitriles were synthesized and investigated for their inhibition of cathepsins B, L, S, and K. Numerous combinations of residues at positions P1 and P2 as well as terminal acyl groups allowed for the derivation of extensive structure-activity relationships, which were rationalized by computational covalent docking for selected examples. The determined inactivation constants of the alkynes at the target enzymes span a range of >3 orders of magnitude (3-10 133 M-1 s-1). Notably, the selectivity profiles of alkynes do not necessarily reflect those of the nitriles. Inhibitory activity at the cellular level was demonstrated for selected compounds.

Differentiated goods in a dynamic Cournot duopoly with emission charges on output

We extend the dynamic Cournot duopoly framework with emission charges on output by Mamada and Perrings (Econ Anal Policy 66:370–380, 2020), which encompassed homogeneous products in its original formulation, to the more general case of differentiated goods, in order to highlight the richness in its static and dynamic outcomes. Each firm is taxed proportionally to its own emission only and charge functions are quadratic. Moreover, due to an adjustment capacity constraint, firms partially modify their output level toward the best response. Like in Mamada and Perrings (Econ Anal Policy 66:370–380, 2020), the only steady state coincides with the Nash equilibrium, and it will be considered admissible when it guarantees the positivity of the marginal emission charge. We find that the full efficacy of the environmental policy, which applies to an equilibrium that is globally asymptotically stable anytime it is admissible, is achieved in the case of independent goods, as well as with a low good interdependence degree in absolute value, independently of being substitutes or complements. When goods are substitutes and their interdependence degree is high, the considered environmental policy is still able to reduce pollution at the equilibrium, but the latter is stable just when the policy intensity degree is large enough. When instead goods are complements and their interdependence degree is high in absolute value, the considered environmental policy produces detrimental effects on the pollution level and the unique equilibrium is always unstable, when admissible. This highlights that, from the static viewpoint, even in the absence of free riding possibilities, the choice of the mechanism to implement has to be carefully pondered, according to the features of the considered economy.

A hybrid simulated annealing algorithm to estimate a better upper bound of the minimal total cost of a transportation problem with varying demands and supplies

Minimizing the total cost of transportation of a homogeneous product from multiple sources to multiple destinations when demand at each source and supply at each destination are deterministic and constant is commonly addressed in the literature. However, in practice, demand and supply may fluctuate within a certain range due to variations of the global economy. Subsequently, finding the upper bound of the minimal total cost of this transportation problem with varying demands and supplies (TPVDS) is NP hard. Yet, bounding the minimal total cost is of prime importance for financial sustainability. Although the lower bound of the minimal total cost can be methodologically attained, determining the exact upper bound is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that existing methods may underestimate this upper minimal total cost bound. We therefore propose an alternative efficient and robust method that is based on the hybridization of simulated annealing and steepest descent. We provide theoretical evidence of its good performance in terms of solution quality and prove its superiority in comparison to existing techniques. We further validate its performance on benchmark and newly generated instances. Finally, we exemplify its utility on a real-world TPVDS.