Homemade Drink Research Articles

Microbiological quality of selected home-made drinks sold in a tertiary institution setting and it effect on some common uropathogens

Microbiological quality of selected home-made drinks sold in a tertiary institution setting and it effect on some common uropathogens

Alterations induced by Colomerus vitis on the structural and physiological leaf features of two grape cultivars.

Vitis vinifera is cultivated worldwide for its high nutritional and commercial value. More than 60 grape cultivars are cultivated in Chile. Two of these, the país and the corinto cultivars, are the oldest known and widely used for the preparation of traditional homemade drinks and consumption as table grapes. These two grape cultivars are affected by Colomerus vitis, an eriophyid mite which establishes on their leaves and forms erinea, where the mite and its offspring obtain shelter and food. Although C. vitis has a cosmopolitan distribution, few studies of its impact on the structure and physiology of affected plants have been reported. Herein we aimed to evaluate the impact of C. vitis infection on the structural and physiological leaf performance of the two grape cultivars. The results showed tissue hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy in the epidermis, with an overproduction of trichomes and emergences in the abaxial epidermis in both cultivars. The anatomical changes were similar between the país and corinto cultivars, but they were proportionally greater in the país, where the area affected by the erinea were greater. No significant changes were detected in the photosynthetic pigment content; however, there was an increase in the total soluble sugars content in the erineum leaves of the país cultivar. Higher contents of anthocyanins and total phenols, as well as the presence of the pinocembrin in the corinto cultivar, which was less affected by C. vitis, could also indicate some resistance to mites' attack, which should be investigated in future studies.

Methyl alcohol intoxication and concomitant psychoactive substances in forensic cases

Methyl alcohol is an alcohol derivative that is widely used in the industry and is easy to obtain. Methyl alcohol intoxication is a serious condition. Especially in recent days, the cases of methyl alcohol intoxication, which has caused the death of many people, have again focused attention on this intoxication in Turkey. Use of homemade drinks containing methyl alcohol and fake alcohol can be shown as the reason for this. Forensic cases (mostly postmortem) with positive methyl alcohol results were analyzed. The presence of psychoactive, legal, and illegal abuse potential substances was also evaluated in the samples of the positive cases. The toxicological analysis results of biological samples (postmortem and antemortem) belonging to forensic cases that came to the Forensic Medicine Institute Izmir Group Presidency, Chemistry Department between 2017–2020 were evaluated. Methyl alcohol and its metabolites are routinely analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) and headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) in biological samples (postmortem-ante mortem). In addition to methyl alcohol, the analysis of illegal, legal, and medical substances in blood and urine samples is performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). The analysis results were obtained from the National Judicial Network Project (UYAP) and then analyzed statistically. In the samples of the positive cases, the presence of psychoactive, legal, and illegal abuse potential substances was also evaluated. In total, 42,564 cases were screened and methyl alcohol was detected in 0.6% ( n = 247) of these cases. The mean age of methyl alcohol-positive cases was 53.43 ± 10.66 (min: 25; max: 76), 95.1% of which were male. In total, there are 205 postmortem, 4 antemortem, and 38 unreachable cases with methyl alcohol detected. Although there was a significant increase between the years, the positive rate increased significantly in 2020 compared to the previous year (22 times more). The most common cause of death was methyl alcohol intoxication. In the majority of cases (16.6%), the methyl alcohol level was in the range of 150–300 mg/dL, followed by the concentration range of 301–499 mg/dL (12.6%). In the evaluated cases, besides the results of methyl alcohol, the presence of medical, medically abused legal, abused legal, and abused illegal substances in blood and urine were also examined. The medical and medically abused legal substance has mostly been detected in blood and urine. The high taxes on alcoholic beverages and the prohibitions that came into effect during the pandemic period caused an increase in illegal alcohol production. In our country, it has been prohibited to sell ethyl alcohol and methanol online since 2020. Despite this ban, the increase in the detection of methyl alcohol in 2020 is remarkable to our findings. As can be seen from the results of our study, increasing methyl alcohol use increases the responsibility of the people working in forensic and clinical laboratories. Especially during the pandemic period considering the increase in individual news, reveals the necessity of scientific data instead of popular data on the use of methyl alcohol. With this study, it is predicted that providing data to the field of forensic toxicology will both shed light on toxicological analyzes and benefit lawmakers for strategies developed to prevent the use of methyl alcohol.

COMÉRCIO INFORMAL NOS TRENS URBANOS DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Informal trade is a global phenomenon. In Brazil, street vendors was already present in the period of Portuguese and imperial colonization, with the sale of various products such as fruits, sweets, breads and homemade drinks on the streets of big cities, especially in Rio de Janeiro. With the expansion of the railway network, street vendors began to follow the flow of passengers and sell a variety of goods, from foodstuffs to accessories for cell phones on the train platforms and wagons. This study with an ethnographic approach presents informal trade in trains in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the pandemic, from street vendors and their working conditions. The results show that the number of street vendors increased during the pandemic, as well as the variety of products offered to the public. In addition, they indicate that customers have reduced, either because of the sanitary conditions imposed by the Government, or because of the loss of purchasing power.

Traditional homemade probiotic drink “Kanji” versus marketed probiotic drink: Critical representation of hidden therapeutic potentials

Background: The traditional homemade Kanji (commonly known as Kanjika) is an Indian fermented drink, which is prepared from black carrots and has indigenous probiotic species. It is being used since long back due to its high nutritional/therapeutic value and availability of anthocyanin pigment. However, the use of traditional food drinks is decreasing and these are being replaced by marketed probiotic drinks. At present, probiotics are regulated as per their intended use, and there are certain confusions and challenges in regulatory guidelines. Hence, ensuring safe, swift, and successful usage of probiotics is the urgent need of the hour. Aims and objective: The present study was aimed to investigate homemade Kanji and a marketed formulation for its analytical/ biological studies in order to compare their therapeutic potency. Materials and Methods: A marketed probiotic drink was procured from the local market and Kanji was prepared at home using a traditional method. Results: The preliminary evaluation of kanji over marketed probiotic drink has shown that the homemade drink Kanji is having better probiotic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial profile in comparison to the marketed products. Conclusion: The results concluded that the traditional homemade drinks are more effective and safe beverages even as per today's lifestyle.

KOMBUCHA: EFEITOS IN VITRO E IN VIVO

A busca por um estilo de vida mais saudável tem levado as pessoas a procurarem e escolherem produtos mais saudáveis. O kombucha é um probiótico, consumido no mundo todo, como uma bebida caseira refrescante, sendo também comercializada por algumas empresas. Esse trabalho avaliou o kombucha, relacionando composição, efeitos benéficos e aspectos toxicológicos causados por seu consumo. Foi realizada uma revisão crítica da literatura, baseada em artigos científicos, livros e documentos oficiais, nas bases de dados de artigos científicos: SciELO, Lilacs, Medline, e Science Direct, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol publicados entre 2014 e 2018, onde foi utilizado o descritor “kombucha”. A busca bibliográfica foi feita sem restrição de população e tema para não limitar o número de artigos. Os estudos apontaram prováveis benefícios relacionados à composição química do kombucha. Os benefícios relatados foram: atividade antioxidante, antibacteriana, antifúngica, efeito probiótico, potencial anticarcinogênico, efeito hipoglicemiante, além de outros efeitos terapêuticos e de prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Poucas pesquisas foram feitas com humanos para avaliar com mais precisão seus benefícios, toxicidade, e usos terapêuticos. Portanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados, com o intuito de identificar os metabólitos produzidos, entender sua relação com as atividades biológicas, assim como sua aplicação em humanos.

The Effect of Homemade Drink on Exercise Endrance Time in Young Adult Females

The Effect of Homemade Drink on Exercise Endrance Time in Young Adult Females

Exploring perceptions of the Mexican sugar-sweetened beverage tax among adolescents in north-west Mexico: a qualitative study.

To explore awareness and perceptions of the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax implemented in Mexico in 2014 among a sample of Mexican adolescents, and to investigate how the tax has affected their purchases and intake of SSB. Qualitative. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in April-May 2016. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Adolescents residing in north-west Mexico (n 29, 55·2 % females), aged 15-19 years. Four main themes emerged: awareness of taxation; perceptions of how the tax has affected SSB intake; reasons why the tax was not perceived to have affected SSB intake; and preferences for substitution of the taxed SSB. Participants were mostly unaware of the tax and perceived that it would not cause reductions in their intake of SSB; they felt that the price increase was low and insufficient to affect intake. Taste preferences and 'addiction' to SSB were highlighted as the main reasons why participants perceived taxation would not affect intake. If SSB prices were to increase further via a higher tax, participants would consider substituting SSB with other beverages, namely home-made drinks (e.g. 100 % fruit juices), non-caloric, instant-flavoured drinks and water. These findings provide important insights into the views of this sample of Mexican adolescents regarding the taxation of SSB, by pointing out several possible limitations of the tax policy in Mexico. These results could inform the design of future interventions directed at Mexican youth that would complement and strengthen the current SSB taxation.

Effectiveness of Commercial versus Homemade Sports Drinks on Fluid Balance and Exercise Capacity during High-intensity Intermittent Exercise

Commercial sports drinks are used widely by athletes involved in high-intensity intermittent (HII) exercise. However, little has been reported on their relative effectiveness compared to simple homemade drink formulations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different sports drink formulations (commercial v homemade), water and no drink on fluid balance and exercise capacity during HII exercise. Twelve trained men (age: 27 ± 2.1 y) performed a 90-min HII running protocol designed to simulate activity experienced during a football match. The protocol was arranged in six 15-min stages where running speeds ranged between 55% and 120% of VO2max. The HII protocol included half-time and a run to fatigue post 90 min. Using a single-blind, randomized, cross-over design, participants ingested a preload of 5 ml⋅kg-1 10 min before HII exercise and 3 ml⋅kg-1 every 15 min of either Isostar® (ISO), a homemade sports drink (CHO), placebo (P) or no drink (ND). Blood lactate (Hla), blood glucose (Bgluc), heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before, during (every 15 min) and after the 90-min HII protocol. Changes in plasma volume were measured at half-time and post 90 min. Sweat rate and fluid balance were calculated post each trial. Time to fatigue (TTF) was recorded at exhaustion. In the ND trial, TTF decreased by approximately 17%, 28% and 43% compared to P, CHO and ISO, respectively (p 0.05). No differences were noted in HLa, RPE, PV or SR between the trials (p>0.05) but there were significant effects of time (p<0.05). Bgluc peaked at 30 minutes in ISO and CHO, but dropped by ~27% in ISO and by ~30% in CHO after half time. Absence of fluid ingestion surprisingly had no significant effect on altering plasma volume or decreasing sweat rate despite causing noticeable decreases in exercise capacity. The homemade drink improved exercise capacity in a similar manner to that of the commercial drink, but neither sports drink achieved superior hydration compared to water. Ingestion of exogenous carbohydrate through sports drink consumption caused an exercise-induced glycemic response when exercise was restarted after half-time. This decline in blood glucose after half-time appears to be marginally attenuated in P trial. A possible suggestion for team sports could be to drink water rather than sports drink prior to half-time period.

Reported Sexual Violence among Women and Children Seen at the Gynecological Emergency Unit of a Rural Tertiary Health Facility, Northwest Nigeria.

Background:Various forms of sexual violence including: Coerced marriage or wife inheritance, female genital mutilation, forced exposure to pornography, rape by intimate partner or strangers, unwanted sexual advances, and sexual abuse occurs, especially in vulnerable groups. However, most of these cases are not reported.Aim:The aim was to review reported cases in the facility, determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation.Subjects and Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal study undertaken at the Gynecological Emergency Unit of a Tertiary Health Facility in a rural setting Northwest Nigeria. A study of survivors of alleged sexual violence who presented to the hospital from the September 1, 2011 to August 31, 2013.Results:During the study period, there were 24 cases of sexual violence (22 were alleged rape and 2 were others) of 973 gynecological consultations at the emergency unit, giving a prevalence of 3% (24/973) for sexual violence and 2.3% (22/973) for alleged rape. Majority 91.7% (22/24) of the cases were children < 16 years; 45.8% (11/24) had no formal education while 33.3% (8/24) hawked homemade drinks and snacks. The assailants were known in 83.3% (20/24) of the cases; of which 45.8% (11/24) were neighbors, 29.2% (7/24) were buyers of snacks and drinks while 8.3% (2/24) were family members.Conclusion:The prevalence of reported sexual violence in this facility was low with the majority of the survivors being children and nonstranger assailants’, mostly neighbors.

Nutritional composition of the commonly consumed composite dishes for the Barbados National Cancer Study

Primary objective To provide, for the first time, the calculated nutritional composition of 32 composite dishes commonly consumed in Barbados to enable dietary intake to be calculated from a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire developed specifically for this population to determine associations between diet and risk of prostate and breast cancer.Methods and procedures Weighed recipes were collected in up to six different households for each of the 32 composite dishes. The average nutritional composition for these composite dishes was calculated using the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database.Main outcomes and results One hundred and fifty-two weighed recipes were collected for 32 composite dishes: five were fish based, two were ground beef dishes, two were chicken based, two were offal based, two were lamb dishes, one was pork based, three were rice based, three were commonly consumed home-made drinks, and the remaining were miscellaneous items.Conclusions A total of 152 weighed recipes were collected and we provide, for the first time, nutritional composition data for 32 commonly consumed food and drink items in Barbados. Such data are essential for assessing nutrient intake and determining associations between diet and prostate and breast cancer in the Barbados National Cancer Study.