Home Security Research Articles

Development of a model for the analysis of human behavior in a smart home environment

In modern times, it is impossible to imagine people’s lives without information technologies. The Internet, mobile phones, remotely controlled devices designed to perform various operations have become ordinary for people. Concepts such as smart city, smart home, cyber-physical systems and cloud technologies become an integral part of the information society. The concept of a smart home can be seen as an environment equipped with sensors, cloud computing and user directives. A smart home works on the principle of collecting all information about the house and its inhabitants from the bottom up, that is, sensors monitor all the behavior of people in and around the house. The data collected in these sensors is collected and processed to identify and predict daily life activities of the people in the house. Evaluating and predicting human behavior in a smart home environment is both interesting and important in studying society, managing e-government and ensuring its security. The article studies the approaches related to the analysis of human behavior in the smart home environment, the influence of cyber-physical systems on the behavior analysis, and the role in the formation and functionality of smart homes. It defines existing problems related to the security of smart homes, and proposes a new model for analyzing human behavior based on the sensed data. The model reveals the main features of each citizen’s behavior and allows for a more in-depth study of the socio-political and economic processes taking place in the society.

Location Adaptive Motion Recognition Based on Wi-Fi Feature Enhancement

Action recognition is essential in security monitoring, home care, and behavior analysis. Traditional solutions usually leverage particular devices, such as smart watches, infrared/visible cameras, etc. These methods may narrow the application areas due to the risk of privacy leakage, high equipment cost, and over/under-exposure. Using wireless signals for motion recognition can effectively avoid the above problems. However, the motion recognition technology based on Wi-Fi signals currently has some defects, such as low resolution caused by narrow signal bandwidth, poor environmental adaptability caused by the multi-path effect, etc., which make it hard for commercial applications. To solve the above problems, we first propose and implement a position adaptive motion recognition method based on Wi-Fi feature enhancement, which is composed of an enhanced Wi-Fi features module and an enhanced convolution Transformer network. Meanwhile, we improve the generalization ability in the signal processing stage to avoid building an extremely complex model and reduce the demand for system hardware. To verify the generalization of the method, we implement real-world experiments using 9300 network cards and the PicoScenes software platform for data acquisition and processing. By contrast with the baseline method using original channel state information(CSI) data, the average accuracy of our algorithm is improved by 14% in different positions and over 16% in different orientations. Meanwhile, our method has best performance with an accuracy of 90.33% compared with the existing models on public datasets WiAR and WiDAR.

A Survey of User Perspectives on Security and Privacy in a Home Networking Environment

The security and privacy of smart home systems, particularly from a home user’s perspective, have been a very active research area in recent years. However, via a meta-review of 52 review papers covering related topics (published between 2000 and 2021), this article shows a lack of a more recent literature review on user perspectives of smart home security and privacy since the 2010s. This identified gap motivated us to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) covering 126 relevant research papers published from 2010 to 2021. Our SLR led to the discovery of a number of important areas where further research is needed; these include holistic methods that consider a more diverse and heterogeneous range of home devices, interactions between multiple home users, complicated data flow between multiple home devices and home users, some less studied demographic factors, and advanced conceptual frameworks. Based on these findings, we recommended key future research directions, e.g., research for a better understanding of security and privacy aspects in different multi-device and multi-user contexts, and a more comprehensive ontology on the security and privacy of the smart home covering varying types of home devices and behaviors of different types of home users.

Design and Construction of a Micro Controller Based Smart Automated System for Controlling Various Home Appliances

Smart Home Automated System is an inexpensive technology. This study presents the overall design of Home Automation System (HAS) with low cost and wireless system. This system is designed to assist and provide support in order to fulfill the needs of elderly and disabled in home. Also, the smart home concept in the system improves the standard of living at home. The sensors, relays and web browser are used to control the home appliances. The main control system implements wireless technology to provide remote access from smart phone. The design removes the existing electrical switches and provides more safety control on the switches with low voltage activating method. The system intends to control electrical appliances and devices in house with relatively low cost design, user- friendly interface and ease of installation. Alternatively, SMART HOME AUTOMATED SYSTEM can provide higher level of security and convenience compared to traditionally used systems. The main objective of the current paper is to design and implement cost-efficient and reliable security, safety and automatic home system for protection and occupants’ convenience. If any hazard is being sensed like smoke, excess heat, unauthorized movements etc; the system warns the home-owner in real-time using Short Message Service (SMS). With this project, home appliances can also be controlled within and away from home, at the same time gives access to real time monitoring of the appliances and properties.

Home Surveillance System Based on Internet of Things and Thermal Sensors

A home security system's primary purpose is to protect and monitor areas that are vulnerable to intruders. The cameras can continuously monitor location; however, it’s had drawbacks such as high installation costs, significant electricity consumption, high memory space utilization of the recording system, and complexity of the hardware circuits, in low light condition it need a night vision camera to obtain clear images. The purpose of the research, is to develop a prototype of surveillance system that uses the PIR sensor and night vision camera to detected intruder in low light condition. The methodology used in this research is prototyping. It started with objectives determination of surveillance system, develop, refine and demonstrate the hardware and software, testing and implement the system. The Arduino Board, programmable Arduino IDE microcontroller, battery, RF module, camera, WIFI module, NodeMCU and PIR sensor are all included in this prototype. An application will be loaded on the user's android device, which will be utilized as the security system monitoring and controller. The WIFI module allows remote control by connecting the system to the internet via the cloud. A PIR sensor will be used to monitor the temperature around for the detecting the presence of human. If the sensor detects the thermal imaging, it will trigger the night vision camera to record. The result of the system testing, shows that the system was working perfectly. The testing on camera operability shows that the night vision camera gets a clear image at maximum 10 m. The limitations of this system are unable to detect the thermal objects at more than 10 m clearly. This weakness can be improved by more complete hardware in future research.

Design and Implementation of a Smart Surveillance Security System

Home security is essential for occupant’s conveniences and protection. This research project designed and implemented a comparatively inexpensive smart surveillance security system that automatically captures an intruder’s image through a raspberry pi camera module and PIR sensor and sends mail to the user via Wi-Fi using the users registered email address. This system operates by triggering the Pi Camera through Raspberry Pi whenever an intruder comes in range using PIR sensor. The Pi camera will capture the image, save it and send the image of the intruder via mail to the user through the help of the command codes embedded in the Raspberry pi microcontroller. This research project will enable home/supermarket and office owners to secure their facilities and monitor the activities of their employers at any location at cheaper cost which is the earnest desire of an Engineer. Proteus 2022 was used as the simulation tool. Keywords: Security, Spy camera, Raspberry pi, IOT, smart security system.

IoT Based Visitor Sensing Smart Doormat

The door mat notification function of the home security system is served by the suggested system. To create multiple functional systems like industrial automation, fire detection, and safety control, this system may be simply modified. The visitor outside the door is detected by the suggested system. By taking a visitor's picture, an email will be sent right away to the owner. The most crucial element in any security system is authentication. The primary device for authentication and email visitor notification in the proposed system is an Android phone. The suggested solution stores visitor photos both online and offline so the owner can access the visitor's past year history. The accuracy of this system is 97%, with 3% of errors. It could happen as a result of a network issue. Therefore, the total system is resilient and has a bright future for a variety of applications.

IoT-based ultrasonic sensors and buzzer systems in home security

With the increasing demand for security in various aspects of daily life, including homes, the need for reliable and costeffective security systems has increased. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based approach to home security utilizing ultrasonic sensors and buzzer systems. The proposed system, implemented using Arduino microcontrollers, offers a wireless solution for detecting intruders within a specified range using ultrasonic sensors. Upon detecting an object, the system activates a piezoelectric buzzer, effectively acting as an alarm. Additionally, the sensor data is processed to generate a graphical representation, providing visual feedback on obstruction status. A servo motor is employed to rotate the ultrasonic sensor, extending the coverage area. The system's setup, working principle, advantages, drawbacks, and future scope are discussed, highlighting its potential for enhancing home security while offering flexibility for future enhancements and integration with advanced features.

Design of a Vibration Alert System

Homes, businesses, industries, and military situations must all be protected from invaders by security systems. They comprise cameras, motion detectors, and alarms that offer round-the-clock surveillance and quick alerts. Modern technology makes it possible to operate and monitor security systems remotely. There are home security systems, CCTV surveillance, motion sensor alarms, and biometric systems like fingerprint or facial recognition. The system that best suits a homeowner's demands and offers peace of mind is theirs to select. In this work we have designed an alarm system which reduces false alarms and increases home security by using cutting-edge sensor technology to detect vibrations from attempted break-ins. It simply interacts with current systems, guaranteeing a complete home security solution.

IoT-based Dual Technology Motion Detector

Home security has become a prime concern in recent years. As technology is emerging every second, abundant IoT-based smart surveillance systems have been developed and implemented with many modern features to keep the home safe. The proposed project is an extended approach to the existing home security system. The project aims to reduce false alarm rates of the existing home security system by using a Dual Technology motion sensor. Dual-technology sensors are sensors that combine two different types of technology. The dual-technology sensor uses both PIR and ultrasonic sensors, activating the trigger only when both sensors detect any motion of an object. The proposed setup effectively reduces false alarms caused by inanimate objects. The trigger caused by the Dual Technology sensor sends a message alert to the specified phone number through the Twilio Programmable Messaging API. Ultrasonic technology is sensitive to motion toward and away from the detector; passive infrared technology (PIR) is sensitive to motion across the field of view. The future implications of the project are great as it can also be used in the Automation of lighting in homes, offices, and libraries.

Triboelectric nanogenerators as self-powered sensors for biometric authentication.

As a prerequisite for ensuring the safety and stability of people's daily lives, security monitoring has become increasingly important in the current rapid development of the economy. Intelligent sensing technology with lower power consumption will promote the upgradation of electronic devices and expand new application requirements. In this review, the recent progress in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as self-powered intelligent sensors for monitoring different kinds of biometric characteristics is summarized, including sliding behavior, handwriting behavior, keystroke dynamics, gait characteristics, and voice characteristics. Additionally, the applications of self-powered systems based on TENGs in individual electronics authentication and home security are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and open opportunities are also discussed.

Secure Home Calling Bell

The Secure Home Calling Bell focuses on home security, a very beneficial IoT application that they are leveraging to develop a low-cost security system for residential and commercial applications. An ESP32 cam, ESP32 board, a flame sensor, and a PIR sensor are the components of the project. When a visitor approaches the door, the secure house project's initial phase sends the user a notification that reads, "Someone's At Your Door." An ESp32 camera that would be connected to a calling bell for surveillance whenever the user's notification was received makes up the project's next step. An additional component of the IoT project is a flame sensor-based fire alarm system.

Development of Internet of Things in the field of smart home security

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and the constantly breakthrough of sensing technology, the Internet of Things has been further applied to the field of smart home security. The progress of the Internet of Things in the field of smart home security not only improves the efficiency of civil home security, but also improves people’s life experience. This paper first introduces the security range of the Internet of Things technology applied in the field of smart home security, and then introduces Zigbee, a typical communication network of the Internet of Things. Then it introduces the sensors involved in environmental monitoring and intelligent door lock in the Internet of Things. In the end, it summarizes the content of this paper.

IoT Sensor-based sustainable smart home management for human needs through Micro Controller

Smart home technology is emerging rapidly as an exciting new paradigm. Appliances inside the home can be watched over, managed, and controlled by the consumer. Additionally, the gadgets are linked together via the internet, enabling the user to remotely control features like home lighting, air conditioner, and security systems providing sustainable approach. To aid the elderly and others with disabilities, this paper’s major goal is to teach consumers how to properly handle their household appliances. Thus, a smart home is being developed where the environmental conditions like air conditioner, television and lights adjust themselves with the person entering the room or even according to the weather conditions. Due to the complexity, in this paper an Microcontroller, LCD and other necessary materials in place of TV, AC and light are used to show that if a house consists of two or more people how the LCD will adjust itself and displays the standard required channel, likewise same LCD adjusts itself to the standard temperature required by the person and similarly adjusts itself according to the person entering into the room. Additionally, if it is raining outside the LCD will display a monsoon mood song, this is done using rain sensor. If these sensors are connected to the cloud, then the information related to the person entering the room is stored. This information can be accessed using your mobile.

The usage of smart doorbells in smart home

Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the usage of smart doorbells in smart homes. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The integration of smart doorbells into the fabric of smart homes signifies a substantial leap forward in the realms of home automation and security. Originally conceived as a means to alert homeowners to visitors, smart doorbells have undergone a remarkable evolution, emerging as sophisticated devices that significantly contribute to heightened security, convenience, and overall peace of mind. These vigilant guardians offer real-time video surveillance, incorporating features like two-way audio communication, motion detection, and night vision for comprehensive security coverage. Beyond security functions, smart doorbells extend unparalleled convenience through remote access and seamless integration with other smart home devices, allowing users to engage in remote communication, manage settings, and automate various tasks. The incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning further enhances their capabilities, introducing features like facial recognition and adaptive learning. Table 1 details the key features, highlighting their diverse contributions to modern smart home environments. The multifaceted advantages of smart doorbells, encompassing security enhancements, convenience, and increased property value, are outlined in Table 2. While acknowledging potential challenges outlined in Table 3, such as privacy concerns and dependence on internet connection, practical solutions are presented, underscoring the ongoing potential for smart doorbells to redefine the management of living spaces as they become increasingly interconnected, secure, and intelligent. Originality/Value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the usage of smart doorbells in smart home. Keywords: Smart City, energy efficiency, smart home, smart house, digitalization, smart doorbells. Category of the paper: literature review.

An Assessment of the Implementation of Information and Communication Technology Platforms in Stakeholder Engagement in Namibia’s Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security

An Assessment of the Implementation of Information and Communication Technology Platforms in Stakeholder Engagement in Namibia’s Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security

Deep learning for smart home security systems

Deep learning for smart home security systems

Managing Information Security Risks in the Age of IoT

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the proliferation of connected devices, creating numerous security challenges. With billions of devices generating vast amounts of data, managing information security risks in the age of IoT has become increasingly complex. Traditional security approaches are not sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by IoT devices. Machine learning (ML) provides a promising approach to enhance the security of IoT systems. This paper proposes a machine learning approach for managing information security risks in the age of IoT. The proposed approach utilizes ML algorithms to identify and mitigate security threats in IoT systems. The approach involves collecting and analyzing data from IoT devices, and applying ML algorithms to detect patterns and anomalies that may indicate security threats. The ML algorithms are trained using both supervised and unsupervised learning techniques to enable them to identify known and unknown threats. The paper describes a case study in which the proposed approach is applied to an IoT system for home security. The results demonstrate that the ML approach can effectively detect security threats in the IoT system and mitigate them in real-time.

Home Safety, Quality of Life, Fall, and Fear of Falling Among Older Home Care Recipients

Background and Purpose: Fear of falling is the worry that appears with the fall, and it is quite commonly seen in older adults. The aim of the study was to detect the fear of falling and related factors in older persons who are receiving home care services provided by Bornova Municipality. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 386 individuals older than 60 years. The data were collected via face-to-face interviews by a questionnaire form, May-October, 2018. The fear of falling was measured by The Falls of Efficacy Scale-International. In addition, a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, retrospective history of falls, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, EuroQol-5D, and Home Security Control List was used. Results: The mean age of the sample was 77.66 ± 7.59 years and females constituted 74.6% of them. Of the participants, 74.1% were detected to have fear of falling. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the fear of falling and fall history, quality of life, and health status visual analog scale scores. Conclusion: It can be argued that the fear of falling is higher in the individuals who have a past experience of falling and the individuals who have a low quality of life. The older adults who have falls history should be determined as a risk group and protective measures should be applied to enhance their life quality.

Automatic Garage Door and Smart Lighting System

The inconvenience of manually opening your garage door, driving your car out, and then closing the door while you are in a rush is what our application aims to solve. By interacting with an IoT network, smart garage doors may control your garage door using the power of your smartphone. Additionally, it does away with the trouble of physically locking the door. This will also provide intelligent notifications for enhanced monitoring, are some of the system's remarks. The goal of this project is to design and build a low-cost system that monitors garage doors and transmits their status to a receiver unit located in a convenient location inside the user's home. This allows the user to monitor their garage doors from the comfort of their own home, rather than having to go outside and inspect the garage. The receiver unit includes a screen for displaying system information as well as LEDs for viewing the status of the garage door from a distance. The system has enough range to place the receiver anywhere in the house while providing accurate garage door status. By designing and building this, we hope to increase home security.