Domestic Economy Research Articles

Using EDA measures to detect emotional expressions during family science activities, a methodological perspective

ABSTRACT Physiological measures associated with emotional expressions have been used extensively in lab- and, more recently, digital-learning settings. However, the portable and ubiquitous nature of hardware that measures these physiological features makes them particularly useful in situations where you do not want the hardware to be too obtrusive, like in contexts of informal learning. In this proof-of-concept study, we apply skin conductance methods that measure Electrodermal Activity (EDA) to a family everyday activities context, in which a parent and their children, complete several science learning activities, while being recorded by both video and EDA hardware. We analyse the resulting data in three different ways: (i) a peak analysis in software recommended by the hardware provider, (ii) a conventional, qualitative microanalysis, and (iii) a method mainly used by econometricians to discover ‘structural breaks’ in time series data. We conclude that all three provide a piece of the overall puzzle, revealing up- and down-sides of each method.

Diversification in resource-rich Africa, 1999–2019

We survey the performance of Sub-Saharan Africa's resource-dependent economies from 1999 to 2019, a period covering the commodity price supercycle, which generated enormous rents for natural resource producers. We show that despite high overall growth rates, these states failed to convert their windfalls into broader forms of development: their economies diversified more slowly than resource-poor countries in Sub-Saharan Africa; their economies became less complex; their low institutional quality regressed further; and they achieved slower progress on human development than their resource-poor counterparts. Case studies of the top three diversifiers—Botswana, Zambia, and Nigeria—underscore the challenges of diversification. We suggest two broad reasons for these patterns. First, economic diversification, especially export diversification, is intrinsically difficult for low-and-middle income resource-dependent countries, due to both Dutch Disease effects and the isolated product spaces of the oil, gas, and minerals sectors. Second, diversification in resource-dependent states is sensitive to institutional quality, yet institutional quality is sticky and typically constrained by political interests that are hostile to reforms. This implies that the development challenges of oil, gas, and mineral dependent states over the coming decades will be significant and difficult to surmount. We suggest a more modest set of goals focused on diversifying into related activities in the extractives value chain and unrelated sectors in the domestic economy, as well as narrowly-focused efforts to boost non-resource export industries.

Mentoring: Perspectives for a Diverse FCS Profession

The value of mentorship for family and consumer sciences (FCS) professionals is emphasized by inclusion in five leadership development programs offered by FCS professional organizations. The American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Leadership Academy, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) Leadership Institute, Council of Administrators of Family and Consumer Sciences (CAFCS) Emerging Leaders Workshop, Board on Health & Human Sciences (BHHS) Fellows Program, and the National Extension Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (NEAFCS) Extension Leadership Conference each include mentoring content and opportunities. Each organization, whether seeking to develop emerging, current, or future leaders, includes mentoring as a tool for developing FCS leaders. Components of each, including the models applied and the curriculum offered, include elements of mentoring (see Table 1). The purpose of this analysis is to examine perspectives on mentoring in FCS education and the profession, especially for women of color (WOC), as illuminated by the extant literature and the lived experiences of FCS students.

Examining College Students’ Attitudes Toward Poverty During the Adult Role of the Community Action Poverty Simulation

Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) and Extension professionals need to understand the lived experience of poverty because it affects every aspect of an individual’s life. Poverty is related to inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, lack of access to health care, insufficient child care, unsafe neighborhoods, lack of affordable housing, under-resourced schools, and a lower quality of life. Attitudes toward poverty vary widely among Americans and can be categorized as either internal/individual attributions (e.g., laziness, welfare dependency, etc.) or systemic/structural attributions (e.g., unemployment, inflation, etc.). Individuals holding internal attributions toward poverty are more likely to have negative feelings toward impoverished individuals. As such, efforts to educate FCS college students, Extension agents, and all Americans on the day-to-day reality of those in poverty are important. Extension-sponsored Community Action Poverty Simulation (CAPS) programs are effective in changing participants’ attitudes toward poverty. This research used Reflexive Thematic Analysis to analyze 56 reflection papers written by college students enrolled in a family resource management course. Three themes emerged from the research: (a) empathy, (b) a turn from internal attributions, and (c) systematic attributions. This research has implications for Extension and FCS professionals offering CAPS programming in higher education settings.

Further Thoughts on FCS and Montessori Collaboration

In 2022, this journal published our paper titled Where Visions Meet: Ellen Swallow Richards and Maria Montessori (McGregor & Ryan-Longo, 2022). As a follow up, we want to share further thoughts on the notion of collaboration between the family and consumer sciences (FCS) profession (also home economics, human ecology, family studies, consumer sciences, and home sciences) and Montessori schools.

Encouraging Money Conversations Among Black, Hispanic, and White Households: Lessons for FCS Professionals

As a follow-up to White et al.’s (2021) “We Don’t Talk About That”: Exploring Money Conversations of Black, Hispanic, and White Households, this article examines social capital and financial conversations among racial and ethnic groups. Although most people avoid discussing money, Blacks and Hispanics have the fewest financial conversations. When they do have money talks, Black and Hispanic individuals are more likely to have conversations with friends rather than with partners, family, or professionals. This article uses research to recommend techniques that family and consumer sciences (FCS) practitioners and educators can use to help families cope with the discomfort that may arise and increase their money conversations.

Feminism against Progress

Feminism against Progress

Milky Appetites: The Foods that Make Us Human

This article follows American milk powder through its many iterations and afterlives: as domestic health food, militarized technology in Asia and its diaspora, and as a symbol of modern health on a global stage. What intimacies of empire might we find by following the shifting sentiments around powdered/skimmed milk consumption? Moreover, how does sifting through this minor history allow us to interrogate the politics of body sovereignty and surveillance as it is scaled transnationally. This article argues that an appetite for dairy was encouraged through various national public sensing projects that made eugenics principles accessible for ordinary audiences as an embodied science of the home. Analyzing the military and weight-loss circuits of powdered/skim demonstrates how government agencies, corporations, medical practitioners, home economists, and other public health workers conjured images of healthy nations and abled-citizens through dairy consumption---often targeting women, children, and racialized subjects as sites of reform through weight management. Bodies that were seen as undesirable–whether too fat or too thin, too sick or too feeble–could be fixed by reforming the appetite. Reading mid-20th century dietetics, U.S. Department of Agriculture archives, and Asian diasporic literature on dairy production and consumption, the case studies in this article elucidate how U.S.-led food literacy and foreign aid campaigns, bolstered by wartime experiments, sought to expand U.S. imperial soft power through wellness technologies. “Milky Appetites” offers a study of desire for national and individual health and wellness as structures of imperialism felt on the body.

Passing the Torch: How Parental Privacy Concerns Affect Adolescent Self-Disclosure on Social Networking Sites

Drawing upon the literatures in information privacy, developmental psychology, and family science, this research investigates how parental online privacy concerns can be passed on to adolescents and affect their self-disclosure on social networking sites. We propose that parental privacy concerns decrease adolescents’ self-disclosure both directly (i.e., compliance) and indirectly through adolescents’ privacy concerns (i.e., internalization) and that such effects are moderated by parent-child privacy dissonance, parental internet evaluative mediation, and adolescents’ gender. To test the research model, we collected matched parent-child data from 726 families in China. The results show the indirect effect of parental privacy concerns on adolescents’ self-disclosure via their influence on adolescents’ privacy concerns. In addition, parent-child privacy dissonance weakens the effect of adolescents’ privacy concerns on self-disclosure. The extent to which parents employ internet evaluative mediation to guide adolescents’ online activities reinforces the effect of parental privacy concerns on adolescents’ privacy concerns. Statistical analyses further revealed that the mediating effect of adolescents’ privacy concerns is weakened by parent-child privacy dissonance but strengthened by internet evaluative mediation. We also found that parental privacy concerns affect sons and daughters through different paths, especially when parents employ high internet evaluative mediation. Under high internet evaluative mediation, parental privacy concerns affect sons’ self-disclosure primarily through an indirect path (via sons’ privacy concerns), but influence daughters’ self-disclosure both directly and indirectly via daughters’ privacy concerns. We conclude by discussing theoretical contributions and practical implications.

Analisis Geopolitik dan Geostrategi Indonesia Terhadap Kebijakan Penghentian Ekspor Timah Indonesia di Pasar Global

Indonesia is the world’s second largest producer of tin. As a world mineral supply country, Indonesia cooperates on a regional, bilateral, and multilateral scale. This brings benefits to Indonesia because there is income for the country that will be used for the domestic economy and development. However, tin exports must be increased downstream so that there is added value to the economy. The aim of this article is to examine the policy of stopping tin exports in Indonesia which has caused international reactions from various countries that need tin raw materials so that it has an impact on geopolitical turmoil for Indonesia. Qualitative data collection and literature review methods are used in this research. The findings explain the geopolitical dynamics of tin raw material exports and the strategies carried out by Indonesia through the tin export suspension policy in the global market.

Специфічні фактори виробництва: сутність та особливості використання в умовах відновлення економіки

Modern international trade is becoming more and more complicated, competition on world markets is intensifying, increasing export volumes requires new approaches to managing production factors. The distribution of production factors among economic sectors and the level of their mobili-ty within the country and abroad depend on the evaluation of the factors' characteristics. Factors of production are no longer homogeneous, even the same industry sometimes requires factors with dif-ferent characteristics. The concept of specific factors of production is best suited for studying the in-ternational mobility of resources and explaining the structure of exports. The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of applying the concept of specific factors of production to model the distribution of factors between branches of the national economy, based on the needs of developing their export potential. The main research methods were theoretical gen-eralization, economic-statistical analysis, graphic-analytical method. The information base of the work was the theories of Heckscher-Ohlin, the theory of specific factors of production, Rybczynski theorem, Stolper-Samuelson theorem, Jones magnification effect. To achieve the set goal, the follow-ing tasks were completed: the theoretical basis of specific factors of production was formalized; well-known theories and theorems of specific factors of production were researched for their appli-cation in conditions of recovery of the domestic economy; tools for applying the concept of specific factors of production in the formation of the post-war recovery strategy of Ukraine's economy are described. The work clearly demonstrates the advantages of dividing production factors into different categories from the point of view of their characteristics. The intensity of the use of specific factors of production directly affects the volume of production of export products and the prices of factors. The described theoretical basis of specific factors of production can be used in the process of model-ing the post-war recovery of the economy of Ukraine, provided that effective tools for evaluating and forecasting the structure and dynamics of factors of production and their parameters are formed. The practical significance of the study is that, based on it, it is possible to form the elements of the strategy for managing factors of production in the post-war period: 1. Inventory and audit of existing factors of production with their classification into separate groups according to established criteria. 2. Determination of industries, their elements, individual goods or enterprises that have the greatest potential for increasing export potential. 3. State regulation of absolute and relative prices for factors of production should be aimed at maintaining potentially export-oriented institutional units. 4. The established criteria for assigning labor, capital and land resources to certain "specific" groups of production factors should become a motive for increasing their international and internal mobility, subject to compliance with national security conditions. Forecasting the efficiency indicators of the use of specific factors of production and the con-sequences of their use for international trade will give a clear signal to business and international partners about the vector of development of the domestic economy. After the creation of a distribu-tion system and technology for managing specific factors of production, it will be possible to concen-trate efforts on the development of promising industries and reasonably abandon inefficient ones. In the future, economic-mathematical models should be created and tested for the optimal distribution of factors within individual industries, inter-industry movement of factors, and maximi-zation of export potential in terms of both individual products and vertically integrated combina-tions. The results of such modeling can become the basis for the formation of a national strategy for attracting, distributing and using factors of production with the participation of foreign partners.

ПЛЮС ГАЗИФИКАЦИЯ/ДОГАЗИФИКАЦИЯ ВСЕХ РОССИЙСКИХ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ И ИНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОТРАСЛИ

The material of the proposed article seems to the authors to be extremely relevant in connection with the 11 packages adopted by the Western community against Russia, containing more than 12 thousand of all kinds of sanctions and restrictions, including in relation to the export of hydrocarbons. This circumstance has put the domestic economy in an extremely difficult situation, especially in the context of a special military operation. Reorientation of the oil and gas industry to the East, to the countries of Greater Eurasia, year-round transport and industrial development of the Northern Sea Route and the Arctic zone of Russia will not only overcome the problems and difficulties that have arisen, but also strengthen political and economic ties with the states of the Silk Road and the Organization of the Collective Security Treaty (CSTO). The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive economic assessment of the implementation of the state Program for Social Gasification/Additional Gasification in the constituent entities of the Federation, as well as to forecast industrial production based on the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials at different degrees of technological conversion into lines of consumer goods and products intended for export. The research results obtained so far by the authors of the article boil down to a review of information sources on the identified problems, an analysis of individual issues of the dynamics of production, export supplies, transportation and pricing of domestic hydrocarbon raw materials, and to determining the success of the implementation of the gasification program in individual regions of the Federation. The conceptual approaches involved were discussed. In conclusion, the article is accompanied by a number of author's conclusions.

Risk management system as a tool of Customs Protectionism in the context of changing Economic policy of Russia

Subject/topic. This article examines the development of the risk management system used in customs control by the customs authorities of Russia as an instrument of customs protectionism. Goals/tasks. The purpose of the study is to determine the importance of the risk management system in ensuring the protection of national economic interests in the context of changes in Russia's economic policy. The objectives of the work include: identifying the impact of the risk management system on the transparency of foreign trade operations and economic sustainability; establishing the adaptability of its application for the purposes of economic policy; identifying promising areas for its improvement. Methodology. The work uses general scientific methods (collection, analysis, synthesis) of information. To obtain intermediate conclusions, the method of structural-dynamic analysis, structural analysis, and analysis of the source base was applied. The conclusions obtained in the results are due to the use of logical research methods. Results. It has been established that customs risk management is carried out in accordance with international standards involving the reduction of administrative barriers in the implementation of foreign economic activity and ensuring trade security, as well as national standards in the field of risk management. The effectiveness and expediency of applying a modern risk management system in order to increase the transparency of foreign trade operations and the stability of the economy is proved. It is revealed that the risk management system is effectively used as a tool to protect Russian foreign trade participants under international restrictions. The expediency of modernizing the risk management system in terms of expanding and unifying its application within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as through the introduction of artificial intelligence methods into its algorithms, is argued. Conclusions/significance. The authors conclude that the risk management system is of significant importance as a tool of customs protectionism in the context of changes in Russia's economic policy. The results obtained on the adaptability of the risk management system to modern goals and objectives of economic policy can be taken into account when developing mechanisms for implementing state regulation of economic processes both in the aspect of domestic economy and in the aspect of international economic interaction.

Transformation of the legal status of the Mongol lands that became part of the Manchu provinces during the creation of Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Girin

The subject of the study is the process of changing the legal status of Mongolian lands, which before the beginning of the twentieth century were united into the polities of Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Barga (Hulun-Buir), which had the status of autonomous states within the Qing Empire. Having guarantees of immunity from the penetration of the Chinese population into their borders, these lands preserved the ancient tribal way of life, the division of the principality (khoshuns) led by the Dzasaks – the descendants of Genghis Khan or his brother Khasar. However, Chinese colonization, which began in the 1880s, the political weakness of the emperors and the objective need to expand the living space of the Han population of the huge empire, forced the central authorities in Beijing to violate ancient agreements, begin to alienate the lands of the khoshuns and create on them the Chinese system of administrative-territorial devices. The research methodology was based on an interdisciplinary approach based on tools from a number of humanities: ideographic, or descriptive-narrative method, the principle of historicism, retrospective method, periodization method, comparative legal method, reconstruction method, structural method and narrative approach, and also, taking into account the legal component of the phenomenon under study – the dogmatic method and the method of legal hermeneutics. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in modern domestic science, the process of transition from the clan organization of the Mongolian and Manchu lands to its modern state has been reconstructed, while considering it in the context of the continuity of key territorial structures, a significant part of which is currently functioning in the Chinese People's Republic Republic (provinces and districts).

Early Childhood Professionals and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Look at Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, and Self-Efficacy

Early Childhood Education (ECE) professionals faced unprecedented challenges, including the disruption of instructional programs and routines, since the COVID-19 pandemic began. The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and job-related needs of early childhood educators and administrators during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 117 diverse participants from Southern California participated in this study. Results found that ECE professionals maintained close relationships with children and families, experienced low depression, and reported high job satisfaction despite all the challenges they faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Open-ended questions related to challenges and self-efficacy also were explored. This paper includes ways to support ECE teachers and administrators and their well-being and job satisfaction, under the guidelines of the Family and Consumer Sciences Body of Knowledge, as the pandemic continues.

An Exploratory Study of the Use of Grade Contracts in Undergraduate Family Science Courses

Contract grading can provide an alternative to traditional grading systems. The goal of this exploratory study was to determine students’ reactions to grade contracts as well as their perceived usefulness in undergraduate courses. Contract grading is becoming more popular in higher education. Using a sample of 41 students across three undergraduate courses, data were collected on students’ perceptions of grade contracts and their utility, the degree to which students believed that grade contracts may have improved their sense of efficacy and control over their learning, and the ease with which students understood grade contracts compared to traditional grading. Students responded positively to the use of grade contracts and liked the sense of control that grade contracts provided but had difficulty understanding the more technical aspects of the contracts. Implications for instructors as well as future research are discussed.

Strategy, technology, industry and politics: challenges for the 21st Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

ABSTRACT This article introduces nine essays capturing panel discussions at the Department of Social Sciences at the United States Military Academy on 8–9 February 2023, in support of the Office of the United States Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. These essays were selected from among 31 panel essays to represent central defense issues: alliance management, technology in conflict, defense industrial policy, and the domestic politics of defense strategy. The participants asked one another how each of these challenges were likely to shape international order and ordering, and how the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff could best prepare. The authors of this introductory essay argue that while the constellation of challenges outlined by the nine essays in this special section are clearly daunting, they are not totally unprecedented, and the US and its allies have tools at their disposal to respond effectively. US strategists may need to focus more on the domestic sources of foreign and security policies in allies and adversaries alike and implement emerging technologies alongside time-tested human tools of statecraft, all while rebuilding US and allied defense industrial bases amid complex and conflictual domestic political economies.

REVIEW OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES REPRESENTED BY BIG DATA FOR FINTECH IN MALAYSIA

This paper explores the potential of big data for driving economic growth and innovation within the fintech sector in Malaysia. By using systematic literature review, it investigates the opportunities of big data in the fintech sector and its current utilisation in Malaysia. Firstly, the paper will outline current trends in fintech within the Malaysian context. This will include examining the current state of big data utilization, prevalent initiatives, and current industry players. Secondly, it will identify challenges for fintech development by exploring technological, organisational, and environmental factors that might affect the utilisation of big data in Malaysia. Finally, it will suggest approaches for organisations to adopt in overcoming these challenges. The paper hopes to enrich the understanding of the opportunities and challenges for big data in fintech in Malaysia and the ways it can contribute to the domestic economy.

Home Economics Teachers' Concern and Perception about Home Economics Education Using the Latest Technology in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution

The purpose of this study was to identify home economics (HE) teachers' concerns about and perceptions of HE education using the latest technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution and to reveal whether they differ according to teachers' general background variables. The questionnaire survey method to measure HE teachers’ concerns and perceptions of HE education using the latest technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution was conducted online using the Google Questionnaire from which 150 responses were received. The main results were as follows. Firstly, HE teachers scored an average of 3.46 out of 5 for the latest technology. Among these interests in the latest technology, interest in “augmented reality and virtual reality technologies” scored the highest at an average of 3.80, while interest in “neural network machine learning” (2.78) was low. HE teacher's concerns about HE education using the latest technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution were high, with an average score of 4.40. Among these concerns for the latest technology, “concern about the results of HE education using the latest technology” scored the highest at 4.53. HE teachers’ anxiety about the latest teaching technology in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution was moderate, averaging 3.05. The highest form of anxiety was “anxiety about the impact on the job” (4.03) and the lowest was fear of “the disappearance of the teacher's job” (2.50). HE teachers' innovation resistance to the latest teaching technology was low at 2.18. Expectations of the latest technology in HE classes in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution averaged 3.85, slightly higher than the middle of 3.

Home Science as a Tool for Social Empowerment

Home science is a subject that is made up of two words home and science. Home refers to home and science - scientific thinking and technology used to make the life of the members living in the house happy, simple, and satisfied. That is, this subject is an inclusive form of both art and science. There is a perception in our society that home science is just a subject to teach cooking and sewing embroidery, whose usefulness is limited to the lives of women only. Which is just a myth. The usefulness of the subject of Home Science is not only for women, but for every person living in our society, whether it is a woman or a male boy or a girl student or a teacher, the old or young of the house, this subject is very important for every person to lead a happy life.