Home Orientation Research Articles

Maternal antibiotics disrupt microbiome, behavior, and temperature regulation in unexposed infant mice.

Maternal antibiotic (ABx) exposure can significantly perturb the transfer of microbiota from mother to offspring, resulting in dysbiosis of potential relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies in rodent models have found long-term neurobehavioral effects in offspring of ABx-treated dams, but ASD-relevant behavior during the early preweaning period has thus far been neglected. Here, we exposed C57BL/6J mouse dams to ABx (5mg/ml neomycin, 1.25μg/ml pimaricin, .075% v/v acetic acid) dissolved in drinking water from gestational day 12 through offspring postnatal day 14. A number of ASD-relevant behaviors were assayed in offspring, including ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production during maternal separation, group huddling in response to cold challenge, and olfactory-guided home orientation. In addition, we obtained measures of thermoregulatory competence in pups during and following behavioral testing. We found a number of behavioral differences in offspring of ABx-treated dams (e.g., modulation of USVs by pup weight, activity while huddling) and provide evidence that some of these behavioral effects can be related to thermoregulatory deficiencies, particularly at younger ages. Our results suggest not only that ABx can disrupt microbiomes, thermoregulation, and behavior, but that metabolic effects may confound the interpretation of behavioral differences observed after early-life ABx exposure.

Comparing the Attainment of the Patient's Medical Home Model across Regions in Three Canadian Provinces: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:The aim of this work was to show the feasibility of providing a comprehensive portrait of regional primary care performance.Methods:The TRANSFORMATION study used a mixed-methods concurrent study design where we analyzed survey data and case studies. Data were collected in British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia. Patient's Medical Home (PMH) pillar scores were created by calculating mean clinic-level scores across regions. Scores and qualitative themes were compared.Results:Participation included 86 practices (n = 1,929 patients; n = 117 clinicians). Regions had differential attainment towards PMH orientation with respect to infrastructure; community adaptiveness and accountability; and patient and family partnered care. The lowest PMH attainment for all regions were observed in connected care; accessible care; measurement, continuous quality improvement and research; and training, education and continuing professional development.Conclusions:Comprehensive performance reporting that draws on multiple data sources in primary care is possible. Regional portraits highlighting many of the key pillars of a PMH approach to primary care show that despite differences in policy contexts, achieving a PMH remains elusive.

Beta Test of a PAC Dementia Knowledge Training Module Included in a Nursing Home Orientation Curriculum

Providing quality care for older adults in long-term care can be challenging, and this issue appears to be more pressing with people living with dementia. Using the Positive Approach® to Care (PAC) model, a 2-hour module for new staff nursing home orientation curriculum was designed to help introduce the concept of working with people living with dementia. Twelve undergraduate students participated in a beta-test of the nursing home orientation. A pre-and-post 38-item survey was administered to measure knowledge level and improvement. Participants also responded to qualitative semi-structured questions after the orientation. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were conducted. Results indicated an improvement on dementia-related knowledge in most of the survey items (21 of 34 items). Examples of statistically significant differences in the pretest and post-test identified are knowledge on the effect of pressure in the palm to comfort a person with dementia (p-0.039), vision as the most powerful sensory input during dementia caregiving (p-0.001), and functionalities lost when the left temporal lobe shrinks (p-0.014). The qualitative evaluation showed that most of the participants indicated a change in dementia caregiving views — including how to pause if permission is not given to engage, and to respect personal space. These findings prove important because the PAC orientation curriculum was successful in improving the students’ knowledge and perspectives on dementia. This training program could be a useful tool if implemented into nursing home employee orientation.

Methods of Machine-Aided Training in Small Business: Content and Management

The article provides key characteristics of standard methods of machine-aided training used by companies in operative business processes. Within the frames of home orientation to the innovation business development, digital economy and infrastructure for data storage the human factor becomes essential. The use of methods of artificial intellect by employees of small enterprises faces obstacles that imply personnel ignorance concerning strategic functionality of available today algorithms of business processes. Small commercial enterprises encounter the problem that they do not know the key instrumental principles of functioning and use of machine-aided training algorithms. At the same time business processes of the enterprise could be seriously improved through implementing algorithms of machine-aided training. The authors conducted a formal and analytical review of potential means for small business optimization. They described types of algorithms and models of machine-aided training, such as multiple regressive model, logistic regression, etc., as well as instrumental problems of their use by enterprise analysts and developers. Recommendations were prepared aimed at use of these models in order to raise the efficiency of small commercial enterprises.

Mobility, Out-of-Home Activity Participation and Needs Fulfilment in Later Life.

Using nationally representative survey of 4723 people aged 67 or older living in Norway, this paper explores the link between wellbeing, out-of-home activity participation and mobility in old age. A basic assumption of this paper is that out-home activities mediated through mobility can contribute to needs fulfillment, and, hence, wellbeing. This study explores the role of preferences, and individual and contextual constraints, in both the overall level of out-of-home activity participation in old age and the level of participation in three specific out-of-home activities (grocery shopping, visiting family or friends, and attending cultural activities). A person’s degree of home orientation is used as an indicator of preference for indoor activities. The findings suggest that age, living status, income, education, holding a driving license, health, social network, centrality of residence, and the quality of the public transport supply have a significant impact on the overall participation level. In addition, the study suggests that the types of constraints vary between travel purposes and the location of activities. Moreover, there is an independent effect of the degree of home orientation on the overall participation level, on the degree of visits to family and friends and on the degree of attending cultural activities, which suggest that people differ in their need for out-of-home activities. However, degree of home orientation has no impact on the degree of grocery shopping, which might imply that grocery shopping is more independent of preferences. The main conclusion from this study is that the extent to which out-of-home activities fulfill needs vary between individuals, depending on their preferences as well as the interplay between individual abilities and resources and contextual conditions.

The Local Wisdom on Sasak Tribe Sade Hamlet Central Lombok Regency

Traditional settlements that still survive until now one of them is in Sade Hamlet, Central Lombok Regency, NTB. This settlement is now a tourist destination because of the original architectural form of outer and inner spaces. These settlements have distinctive characteristics formed by local people from the time of their ancestors. Local wisdom is seen at the macro and micro scale which is a characteristic that has an opportunity value. This value arises due to trust (watu telu and watu lima) and culture (the use of cow dung when mopping) and moral values handed down by their ancestors. This study aims to explore local wisdom in settlements inherited from their ancestors from a macro and micro scale. To find out local wisdom at the macro and micro scale, a descriptive qualitative method was used with a research paradigm with literature review. The results of this study found local wisdom from a macro and micro scale. From a macro scale there are local wisdom in the form of home orientation, locations in the hills, structuring residential patterns, marariq (eloping) and weaving. On the micro scale there are local wisdom in the form of building elements in the form of roofs, doors, and also inner space, there is a belief held in the mass of ancestors in the form of watu telu and watu lima in the present mass. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v11i1.2711

Acculturation Orientations and Student Sojourners’ Career Adaptability

Basing on career construction theory and the acculturation model, this study examined how student sojourners’ acculturation orientations predicted their career exploration and career adaptability. We conducted a survey study among Chinese student sojourners (N = 222) and the results showed that after controlling the effects of big-five personality and approach/avoidance traits, both host orientation and home orientation positively predicted career adaptability, with these relations mediated by environmental career exploration. In addition, cultural distance was revealed as a significant moderator on the effects of host orientation such that the relationship between host orientation and environmental career exploration was only significant when the cultural distance between host country and home country was higher. The corresponding moderated mediation model was also supported such that the indirect effect of host orientation on career adaptability through career exploration was only significant when the cultural distance was higher. These findings carry implications for research on acculturation and career development.

An Interdisciplinary Team - Developed Nursing Home Orientation as a Quality Improvement Tool in Improving Community Perceptions of Post Acute and Long Term Care Services

Transitioning to PA or LTC can be challenging. Patients’ and families’ as well as staff and provider perceptions play a significant role in its community evaluations. Patient, family, healthcare provider and staff support is essential in facilitating mutual expectations, trust, and satisfaction. An orientation for interfacing individuals, which includes an overview of the community, services, internal quality assurance and performance improvement processes, external regulatory processes, and the role of the facility’s ombudsman, would be of benefit.

Non-nutritive, thermotactile cues induce odor preference in infant mice (Mus musculus).

Mouse pups (Mus musculus) placed on the midline of a mesh floor suspended over an empty area bounded by 2 odor fields, 1 containing homecage bedding and the other clean bedding, preferentially selected the homecage area when tested on postnatal day (PD) 5, 10, or 12. PD5 pups given a choice of homecage bedding versus age-matched bedding from another litter showed no discrimination, whereas PD10/12 pups preferred own home odors. To test whether such home orientation can be shaped by experience, pups were placed for 2 hrs on PDs 8 and 9 with either a lactating dam, a nonlactating foster dam or a warm tube bearing 1 of 2 novel odors. Other pups were similarly exposed to scented gauze to test whether mere exposure (familiarization) to an odor could induce a preference. Pups naïve to both test odors and those familiar with 1 odor showed no preference for either odor on PD10. Pups placed with a lactating dam spent significantly more time over the conditioned odor. Moreover, pups placed with the nonlactating dams or the warm tube also preferred the conditioned odor, indicating that the preference can be attributed association with non-nutritive, thermotactile cues. (PsycINFO Database Record

Housing orientation’s effect on energy use in suburban developments

Housing orientation has an effect on the total heating and cooling loads that consumers pay for as part of their monthly utility bills. Often suburban developments lack consideration of the precise optimal solar orientation of each home, therefore, costing homeowners money over the life span of their tenure. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a home’s orientation at the community level evaluating energy use and annual energy costs. The scope of the paper simulates the effect of orientation for 7000 existing homes for four typical Midwestern suburban developments and the resulting annual energy costs. Appling the same housing sample to four different U.S. locations the study compares climatic differences. This analysis evaluates the cost and energy performance of existing suburban communities using optimal solar orientation. Results show that individual home orientation has minimal cost implications, whereas the aggregated suburban community house orientation has more significant total annual energy costs. In addition, results reinforce optimizing solar orientation for planning and design of suburban housing.

Prenatal protein level impacts homing behavior in Long-Evans rat pups

Objective: This study assessed the effect of varying prenatal protein levels on the development of homing behavior in rat pups.Methods: Long-Evans rats were fed one of the four isocaloric diets containing 6% (n = 7 litters), 12% (n = 9), 18% (n = 9), or 25% (n = 10) casein prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. At birth, litters were fostered to well-nourished control mothers fed a 25% casein diet during pregnancy, and an adequate protein diet (25% casein) was provided to weaning. On postnatal days 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, homing behaviors, including activity levels, rate of successful returns to the nest quadrant and latencies to reach the nest over a 3-minute test period were recorded from two starting positions in the home cage. Adult body and brain weights were obtained at sacrifice (postnatal day 130 or 200).Results: Growth was impaired in pups whose mothers were fed a 6% or, to a lesser extent, a 12% casein diet relative to pups whose mothers were fed the 18 and 25% casein diets. The 6 and 12% prenatal protein levels resulted in lower activity levels, with the greatest reduction on postnatal day 13. However, only the 6% pups had reduced success and higher latencies in reaching the nest quadrant when compared with pups from the three other nutrition groups. Latency in reaching the nest quadrant was significantly and negatively associated with adult brain weight.Discussion: Home orientation is a sensitive measure of developmental deficits associated with variations in prenatal protein levels, including levels of protein deficiency that do not lead to overt growth failure.

6-자유도 Eclipse-II 모션 시뮬레이터의 최적 원점 복귀 알고리즘

This paper describes the optimal home positioning algorithm of Eclipse-II, a new conceptual parallel mechanism for motion simulator. Eclipse-II is capable of translation and 360 degrees continuous rotation in all directions. In unexpected situations such as emergency stop, riders have to be resituated as soon as possible through a shortest translational and rotational path because the return paths are not unique in view of inverse kinematic solution. Eclipse-II is man riding. Therefore, the home positioning is directly related to the safety of riders. To ensure a least elapsed time, ZYX Euler angle inverse kinematics is applied to find an optimal home orientation. In addition, the subsequent decrease of maximum acceleration and jerk values is achieved by combining the optimal return path function with cubic spline, which consequently reduces delivery force and vibration to riders.

Physiotherapy in brest cancer: life quality and function clinical evolution

Purpose: to assess physiotherapy intervention impact on quality of life and functional evolution of women who underwent clinical treatment of breast cancer. Methods: almost-experimental study of the type before and after, carried out from March to June of 2009. We have included 10 patients subjected to surgical treatment of breast cancer and who underwent adjuvant treatment. We performed functional evaluation and a quality life questionnaire application, and a intervention protocol proposal with stretching and exercises training since resistance, strength and resistance strength by 8 weeks, supervised by the physiotherapist and home orientation. Results: the proposal with the protocol early implementation with exercises for the comorbidities prevention related to breast câncer treatment helped in clinical and functional parameters improvement. There was no quality of life decline even with the systemic treatment. There was parameters improvement related to satisfaction with health, the ability to daily activities perform, ability to work satisfaction and satisfaction with themselves. Conclusion: the physical therapy must start early and this protocol promoted quality of life maintenance and improved functional capacity of these women.

Veteran Family Reintegration, Primary Care Needs, and the Benefit of the Patient-Centered Medical Home Model

Men and women returning from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq face a multitude of difficulties while integrating back into civilian life, but the importance of their veteran status is often overlooked in primary care settings. Family physicians have the potential to be the first line of defense to ensure the well-being of veterans and their families because many will turn to nonmilitary and non-Veterans Affairs providers for health care needs. An awareness of the unique challenges faced by this population is critical to providing care. A patient-centered medical home orientation can help the family physician provide veterans and their families the care they need. Specific recommendations for family physicians include screening their patient population; providing timely care; treating the whole family; and integrating care from multiple disciplines and specialties, providing veterans and families with "one-stop shopping" care. An awareness of the unique challenges faced by veterans and their families translates into better overall outcomes for this population.

Influences of early thyroid hormone manipulations: Delays in pup motor and exploratory behavior are evident in adult operant performance

The effects of thyroid hormone depletion and enhancement on litter size, survival, body mass, ambulation, quadrant crossing, home orientation, day of eye opening, and free serum T 3 and T 4 levels were examined in Study 1. In Study 2, the effects of the timing of prenatal insult and the level of thyroid hormone depletion on litter size, survival, body mass, and free serum T 3 and T 4 levels were examined. Upon the completion of Study 1, randomly selected pups were maintained on ad-libitum water and food for 2 years, and performance was evaluated on fixed and variable ratio schedules, fixed and variable interval schedules, and probability and reversal learning tasks (Study 3). In Study 4, human subjects diagnosed with and treated for either congenital hypothyroidism or congenital hyperthyroidism were tested on the operant procedures used in Study 3, as well as on a series of simple reaction time, serial timing, and conjunctive and disjunctive search tasks. Dose-dependent decreases in survival and delays in the presentation of early motor and exploratory skills were observed following thyroid hormone depletion; dose-dependent accelerations in the presentation of early motor and exploratory skills were observed following thyroid hormone enhancement. Pups that had been prenatally exposed to propylthiouracil (PTU) 1–2 years after the return of thyroid hormones to baseline levels were significantly less accurate at timing on fixed and variable interval schedules, demonstrated an inability to allocate responding on probability tasks, and committed more errors during original learning (OL) and on each reversal problem. Similar deficits were observed in follow-up tests with humans diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism, as were deficits in serial timing and visual searching. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that the pervasive and negative effects of prenatal thyroid deficiency on early behavior are also expressed during adult operant performance.

A Message to Assimilative Integrationists: It's Time to Become Accommodative Integrationists: A Commentary

This commentary considers the six papers on assimilative integration in the larger context of the significance of this specific form of integration for psychotherapy integration in general. The author begins by revealing his bias that theoretical integration is the most mature form of psychotherapy integration. In this context, he views assimilative integration as an advanced form of eclecticism that absorbs technical eclecticism into the practitioner/theorist's home orientation. Several of the papers present useful examples of assimilative integration, but they tend not to explore the implications of the successful application of “foreign” techniques for their home theories. The author concludes by suggesting that assimilative integrationists need to become accommodative integrationists by thinking through the implications for, and the implied modifications to, their home theoretical orientations. Accommodative integration would bring us a step closer to the author's ultimate goal—an emergent, unifying, and integrative theory of psychotherapy.

Primary school teachers' careers in England and Wales: the relationship between gender, role, position and promotion aspirations

This study explores gender differences in United Kingdom primary teachers' perceptions of their careers, through a national questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews. It is framed by reference to Weiner's three main components of feminism (the political, the critical and the practical), and a concern to highlight difference and complexity, as well as patterns and trends, within primary school teaching. Female and male respondents indicated different areas of concern and influence on their careers. It was found that, while reported reasons for not seeking or achieving promotion were multifaceted, the known and experienced disproportionate promotion of men, plus the frequently traditional gender differences in work – home orientation and contextual/situational expectations, contrived to limit career development for a significant number of women

Some Motivational Bases for Work and Home Orientation among Japanese College Women: A Rewards/Costs Analysis

For Japanese junior college women (N= 404), work orientation was related positively to perceived work rewards, and negatively to both perceived work costs and homemaking rewards, thereby suggesting two types of work-oriented women, one presumably motivated by the desire to approach work, and the other presumably motivated by the desire to avoid homemaking. Home orientation was related positively to perceived homemaking rewards and negatively to perceived homemaking costs. For those women whose mother was a full-time employee, perceived work rewards mediated between perceived maternal satisfaction and work orientation. For those women whose mother was a homemaker, perceived homemaking rewards mediated between perceived maternal satisfaction and home orientation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Brain Iron and Behavior of Rats are Not Normalized by Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia during Early Development

Previous studies in rats have shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during brain development results in lower brain iron concentration and behavioral deficits that persist despite iron treatment after weaning. The present study used a developmental IDA model to determine whether earlier iron treatment might normalize brain iron concentration and behavior. One and one-half week periods of IDA were instituted during early or late gestation or lactation by providing low iron diet to adolescent rat dams and oral iron treatment at the end of the anemia period. The iron deficiency anemia of dams during gestation and lactation resulted in significantly lower pup brain iron concentrations at 3 mo of age (15–33% lower than control), despite iron treatment of dams as early as mid-gestation. Dam IDA during lactation lowered pup brain iron concentration significantly more than IDA during gestation (21% lower). All IDA groups had significantly poorer performance and lower activity compared with controls on a screen of home orientation at 8 d of age. Activity on this test was significantly less than controls at 12 d of age. Homing ability on d 12 and 16 and activity on d 16 did not differ from controls. Groups that were anemic around delivery had significant behavioral differences at 3 mo which included less defecation in the open field and greater swim distance in the Morris maze. These results raise the concern that iron sufficiency throughout the course of brain development is crucial to the achievement of normal brain iron concentration and behavior in rats.

A Nursing Home Orientation for Second-Year Medical Students

A program was developed for introducing second-year medical students to the assessment of function of older adults in a nursing home setting. Students completed the mandatory orientation as part of the course, Introduction to Clinical Medicine. The nursing home orientation consisted of an introductory lecture and interviews with nursing home residents which included physcial and cognitive assessments of function. Evaluation indicated that such an orientation can be successfully instituted early in the education of physicians to familiarize them with the nursing home clinical environment and the measurement of functional status in the elderly.