Home Environment Scale Research Articles

Impact of Home Environment on Spiritual Intelligence of Primary School Students in Bhutan

This study investigates the impact of the home environment on the spiritual intelligence (SQ) of primary school students in Bhutan. Spiritual intelligence, denoted as SQ, provides a framework for deriving meaning from life's experiences, prompting individuals to view their goals and objectives as a continuous journey rather than a final destination. The home environment, encompassing dimensions such as physical, emotional, social, cultural, intellectual, moral, and nutritional aspects, plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's overall development. Each dimension contributes to the upbringing, influencing behavior, beliefs, and life perspectives. The research holds significance by offering valuable insights for primary education stakeholders and presenting practical strategies to enhance both academic and spiritual growth. The study aims to explore spiritual intelligence and the home environment, examine gender-based variations in spiritual intelligence and the home environment, and analyze the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the home environment among primary school students. Employing a descriptive survey method, the research is conducted among primary school students in Bhutan, utilizing a purposive sampling technique to select a diverse sample of 200 participants based on grade level (V and VI) and gender. Data collection involves a scale developed according to Dhar and Upinder (1971), various dimensions of spiritual intelligence were assessed by Dr. Santosh Dhar and Dr. Upinder Dhar (1971) assessing various dimensions of spiritual intelligence, and Dr. Karuna Shankar Misra's Home Environment Scale (HES), a comprehensive tool featuring 100 items designed to evaluate different aspects of the home environment. The conclusions underscore the intricate relationship between the home environment, spiritual intelligence, and gender dynamics among primary school students, providing valuable insights for educators, parents, and policymakers. Future research and interventions may delve into specific elements within the home environment contributing to spiritual intelligence, and explore the influence of gender on these dynamics.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND MORAL JUDGEMENT OF CHILDREN: ROLE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT

The home environment is the most crucial factor in fostering children's development of trust, attitudes, and skills necessary for learning and positive engagement with the world. Home environment refers to the psychosocial climate of the home as given by the parents. It means whether the parents are child oriented, child respecting, take into account what the child actually needs. The goal of the research study is to assess the influence of home environment on the development of emotional intelligence and moral judgement of children. Total sample included 300 boys and 300 girls of age 8 to 12 years. The scales used were Home Environment Scale by Reena Sharma and Vibha Nigam, Multifactor Emotional Intelligence test by Vinod Kumar Shanuwal and Moral Judgement Test by Durganand Sinha and Meera Verma. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and 3-way ANOVA. The results of the study revealed that emotional intelligence was higher in children coming from good home environment than children coming from poor home environment. Boys achieved significantly higher emotional intelligence than girls and girls revealed higher moral judgement than boys. Further home environment failed to influence moral judgement.

Measuring Architecture in Recovery Homes: Recovery Home Architecture Scale

ABSTRACT Background: The settings where we live shape our daily experiences and interactions. Social environment and physical setting characteristics may be particularly important in communal living services, such as recovery homes for alcohol and drug disorders. Objectives: This paper describes the measurement and mobilization of architectural characteristics in one type of recovery home, sober living houses (SLHs). The Recovery Home Architecture Scale (RHAS) is a 25-item measure comprised of six subscales designed to assess architecture in SLHs. Results: Using a sample of 528 individuals residing in 41 houses, we found the RHAS had good interrater reliability, factor structure, and internal consistency. The measure also showed modest construct validity. The RHAS was not associated with length of stay (LOS) but did interact with a measure of the social environment that predicted LOS, the Recovery Home Environment Scale (RHES). Conclusions: Future studies should include a more diverse sample of SLHs and assess how house management, recovery capital, and other factors work in concert with architecture.

Home environment of upper primary students

The purpose of the study was to examine the home environment of upper primary students. The study was carried out on a sample of 400 upper primary students studying in class 8 in various schools of Kanyakumari district. Normative Survey method was adopted for the study. Home Environment Scale developed by Akhtar and Saxena (2013) was used to collect the data. Percentage and ‘t’ test were used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that, the upper primary students have moderate level of home environment. Moreover, they differ significantly in their home environment with respect to gender and locality of residence. No significant difference was noted in the medium of instruction.

Home Environment, Socio-cultural Characteristics, and Nutrition Knowledge of Users of a Soup Kitchen and Food Pantry

The present cross-sectional study examined the home environment, socio-cultural characteristics, and nutrition knowledge of 222 clients of a soup kitchen and food pantry. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, Multidimensional Home Environment Scale, and Nutrition Knowledge Scale. The food pantry population consisted of more women, Blacks, Hispanics, and older clients than did those from the soup kitchen. Soup kitchen clients also exhibited lower socioeconomic status, and were mostly homeless, as compared to those of the food pantry. Both groups had a low level of nutrition knowledge (55%). Furthermore, most of the food pantry recipients were non-smokers and non-alcohol-drinkers, as compared to about half of the soup kitchen participants, who had lower availability of healthy foods at home and 50.9% of them consumed American foods. Thus, future research is essential to assess the impact of the home environment, socio-cultural influences, and nutrition knowledge on diet quality and food security of food recipients in the U.S.

A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE CREATIVITY SUPPORTING HOME ENVIRONMENT SCALE

In this study, it is aimed to improve the “Creativity-Supporting Home Environment Scale” for the purpose of determining the level of creativity in the home environment of parents with children aged 3-6 years old. Research study groups were composed of 500 parents across various provinces of Turkey. The scale items written in the context of the literature were presented to field experts for their opinion in accordance with the scale’s purpose, and the content validity index was calculated as proof of the scale’s content validity (.89). A pretest application of the scale was conducted in accordance with the expert opinion, and the items were examined for their distinctiveness. A test application was conducted for the purpose of demonstrating the factor structure of the scale, and whether or not the data was appropriate for factor analysis by using KMO and Bartlett statistics. Factor analysis based upon principal component analysis was performed with the optimum application of parallel analysis, and according to both parallel analysis and scree plot, it was decided that the structure was four-dimensional. The percentage of the factors explaining the total variance was established as 49.9%. The item test correlation values of the items in each factor were found to be above .30 in accordance with the item analysis results. Two items that did not fulfill the criteria were removed from the scale by performing a confirmatory factor analysis to verify the structure. Factor loadings for 28 items in the scale were found to be higher than .30 and with error variances below .90. It was found that the McDonald’s omega coefficients were between .71 and .88, and the Composite reliability coefficients were between .70 and .84 in the calculation of the reliability of the scale scores for each of the scale’s four dimensions. For the whole scale, the stratified alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as .87. The obtained findings demonstrate that the “Creativity-Supporting Home Environment Scale” is a valid and reliable scale.

Resident and house manager perceptions of social environments in sober living houses: Associations with length of stay.

Studies have shown persons living in recovery homes for drug and alcohol problems make significant, sustained improvements. However, there is limited information about factors associated with outcomes. This study examined how perceptions of social environment of one type of recovery home, sober living houses (SLHs), were associated with length of stay (LOS). SLH residents and their house managers (N = 416) completed the recovery home environment scale (RHES) that assessed social model recovery characteristics and the community-oriented program evaluation scale (CPES) that evaluated perceptions of the program environment. Scales completed by residents predicted LOS, but those completed by house managers did not. Larger discrepancies between the two groups were associated with shorter LOS. The RHES was shown to be a stronger predictor of LOS than the CPES. Results highlight the importance of the social environment in SLHs, particularly those most closely aligned with social model recovery principles.

Psychometric Properties of the Recovery Home Environment Scale

Background Recovery homes for persons with alcohol and drug problems provide an abstinent living environment and social support for recovery. Research shows residents in these homes make significant, sustained improvements. However, descriptions of recovery environments within the homes have been limited. Purpose The current study assessed psychometric properties for the Recovery Home Environment Scale (RHES), which assessed social environments within one type of recovery home, sober living houses (SLHs). Methods 373 residents were interviewed at entry into the house, 1-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. Measures included the RHES, other measures of the social environment, days of substance use, and length of stay. Results Principal components analysis suggested the RHES was largely unidimensional. Exploratory factor analysis suggested items could be grouped into recovery support (3 items) and recovery skills (5 items). Cronbach’s alphas for the full scale and the recovery support and recovery skills subscales were 0.91, 0.89, and 0.87, respectively. As hypothesized, construct validity of the RHES was supported by correlations with other measures of the social environment and predictive validity was supported by associations with length of stay and substance use. Conclusions SLHs have been described as “the setting is the service.” However, the field has lacked a way to capture characteristics of the social environment. The RHES represents a new way to measure the recovery environment by focusing on social interactions among residents within SLHs and shared activities in the community.

Role of Dental Nutrition Knowledge and Socioecological Factors in Dental Caries in Low-Income Women.

Dental caries is a chronic oral condition that disproportionately affects low-income women. The aim of this research was to investigate relationships between dental nutrition knowledge, socioecological factors, and prevalence of dental caries in low-income women. This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 220 women who were recruited from Central Texas. Participants completed demographics, the Dental Nutrition Knowledge Competency Scale, United States Adult Food Security Survey Module, and the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale. Two dentists measured dental caries via the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index. Regression models were conducted to test the effects of dental nutrition knowledge and Multidimensional Home Environment Scale factors on dental caries. Finally, mediation analysis explored relationships between dental nutrition knowledge and dental caries, adjusting for Multidimensional Home Environment Scale scores. Results showed that dental nutrition knowledge and Multidimensional Home Environment Scale score were significantly associated with dental caries. Subscales of self-efficacy for eating healthy, oral hygiene practices, emotional eating, availability of unhealthy foods at home, and social support were related to dental caries. The relationship between dental nutrition knowledge and caries was mediated by Multidimensional Home Environment Scale scores. This research emphasizes the role of dental nutrition knowledge and socio-ecological factors on prevalence of dental caries. Public health interventions to reduce dental caries should involve strategies that increase dental nutrition knowledge and encourage behavior change in low-income populations.

Perceived Parental Involvement and Achievement Motivation among School Children: Moderating Role of Perceived Teacher-Child Interaction

The current study was conducted to examine the moderating role of perceived teacher child-interactionbetween perceived parental involvement and achievement motivation among students of 9thand 10thclass. Through stratified random sampling technique, 328 students were selected from target population of 1831 students. Sample consisted of an equal ratio ofgovernment and private schools‘ children. Home-Environment Scale (Muthee, 2009), Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction-Student (Wubbles & Levy, 1992) and Achievement Motivation Inventory (Muthee & Thomas, 2009) were used as instruments to collect data. The results showed that there were statistically significant positive relationships among perceived parental involvement, achievement motivation and perceived teacher-child interaction. Further, perceived teacher-child interaction significantly played moderating role between perceived parental involvement and achievement motivation among students. Findings of the current study has its implications for parents, school teachers, educational administrators and school counselors.

Ambiente familiar, actividad física y sedentarismo en preadolescentes con obesidad infantil: estudio ANOBAS de casos-controles

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in children with obesity and normal weight through accelerometer measures, and analyze the family environment related to physical activity. DesignCase-control study. LocationA health center and colleges of the Community of Madrid. ParticipantsA total of 50 obese children between 8 and 12 years of age (P > 97) and their mothers were matched by age, sex and socioeconomic status of their parents (1: 1) with 50 children with normopeso (GN; P < 85). Main measurementsPhysical activity levels were measured by accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X), levels of physical activity of the primary caregiver were measured through physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the environment in relation to the physical activity was measured by the Home Environment Scale (HES-S). ResultsThe group GO showed less vigorous physical activity than their peers in the GN group. Vigorous physical activity in the GO group was associated with modeling and parental policies regarding physical activity. A multiple regression analysis revealed that 21% of the variance of weight status of children was explained by sex, vigorous physical activity and maternal body mass index. ConclusionsThe levels of vigorous physical activity and the family environment differ between children with obesity and normal weight. Therefore, it is important to continue working on the awareness of illness and the promotion of healthy habits from Primary Care and the school and institutional context.

Effects of home environment on changes in the motor development for typical-development infants and toddlers

Motor functions are affected by the home environment in childhood. This study aims to identify the home environment factors in the motor development of infants and toddlers. This follow-up study had involved 1000 typical-development children, classifying children into infant group (6 months old, n = 500) and toddler group (3 years old, n = 500). Participants were from Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care (KIT). Developmental Motor Screening Scale for Preschool Children (DMSSPC), including body coordination (BC), stability and locomotion (S&L), visual motor integration (VMI), and grasp and manipulation (G&M) domains, was used to assess motor development at baseline and follow up (infants: 6-months follow up and toddlers: 12-months follow up). Home Environment Scale (HES), including parent response (PR), parent participation/learning stimulation (PP/LS), physical environment (PE), child acceptance (CA), speech stimulation (SS), learning material (LM), and environmental diversity (ED), was measured at baseline. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between HES and DMSSPC at baseline and change scores of DMSSPC (DMSSPC score at follow-up - DMSSPC score at baseline). Nearly all HES domains had significantly positive correlations with DMSSPC domains at baseline in infant group. In toddler group, HES domains had significantly positive correlations with DMSSPC domains, except PE with VMI and S&L, and CA with VMI and S&L. Additionally, HES domains except PE and CA had significantly negative correlations with change scores of G&M in infant group. While only PP/LS and ED had significantly negative correlations with change scores of G&M in toddler group. A better home environment is associated with greater motor development in most domains. However, a better home environment is linked to lesser changes in G&M development, especially infant groups. These findings may suggest providing a good home environment is important for motor development, especially infant groups.

STUDY OF PUNCTUALITY AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR HOME ENVIRONMENT

The main objective of the present study was to find out the relationship between Punctuality and Home Environment among school going adolescents. To achieve this objective, Punctuality and home environment Scale developed by the investigator were used. The sample consisted of 100 Government Secondary School students of 9th Class were selected randomly from Sri Muktsar Sahib District of Punjab, India. The sample was equally categorized between Boys- Girls and Rural- Urban students. The results revealed that there exists significant relationship between Punctuality and Home Environment among school going adolescents. It is also found out that urban adolescents are more punctual as compare to rural adolescents. No significant difference was found among rural and urban adolescents as well as boys and girls on the variable of Home environment.

Food insecurity, diet quality and body mass index of women participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: The role of intrapersonal, home environment, community and social factors

Obesity is a public health problem that disproportionately affects low-income populations. Moreover, participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has been associated with obesity among low-income women. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of intrapersonal, home environment, community and social factors on diet quality and body mass index (BMI) of low-income women participating in SNAP. This study also aimed to examine the role of these factors in mediating the relationship between food insecurity and diet quality, and BMI. A total of 152 women receiving SNAP benefits were recruited from low-income neighborhood centers and housing communities, and administered a demographics questionnaire, the United States adult food security scale, food frequency questionnaire, and multi-dimensional home environment scale (MHES). They also were measured for height and weight to calculate BMI. The Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index 2015 was used to measure diet quality. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the MHES subscales that were significant predictors of diet quality and BMI. The Preacher and Hayes mediation model was used to evaluate the mediation of the relationship between food insecurity and diet quality, and BMI by the MHES. Emotional eating resistance and favorable social eating behaviors were positively associated with diet quality; whereas emotional eating resistance, lower availability of unhealthy food at home, neighborhood safety and favorable social eating behaviors were inversely associated with BMI in women participating in SNAP. The MHES significantly mediated the relationship between food insecurity and BMI. These results emphasize the importance of intrapersonal, home environment, community and social factors in mediating the relationship between food insecurity and BMI in low-income women.

Relationship between Social Competence and Home Environment of Adolescents

This study was conducted to find the relationship between social competence and home environment of adolescents. This study also aimed at finding the relationship between dimensions of social competence (Personal adequacy, interpersonal adequacy and communication skills) and dimensions of home environment (Protectiveness, parental involvement, academic stimulation, reward, parental warmth, punishment, participation in home affairs, control, permissiveness and parental expectations). Descriptive method was used in this study. The study was conducted on a sample of 800 students of +1 class taken randomly from schools of Jalandhar and Kapurthala affiliated to Panjab school education board, Mohali. Social competence scale by Sharma & Rani (2012) was used to find social competence among adolescents. Home environment scale by Akhtar & Saxena (2014) was used to study the home environment of adolescents. The analysis of data was done by using product moment correlation, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of skewness and coefficient of kurtosis were also calculated to know the nature of data. The results of the study show that the Personal Adequacy (PA) dimension of social competence has positive, low but significant relation with academic stimulation dimension of home environment. All other nine dimensions of home environment have positive, very low and not significant correlation with personal adequacy of adolescents. The results show that there exists positive, very low but significant correlation between interpersonal adequacy dimension of social competence and parental involvement, academic stimulation, reward, parental warmth, participation in home affairs, permissiveness and parental expectation dimensions of home environment respectively while there exists a positive, very low and not significant relation between interpersonal adequacy & protectiveness, punishment and control dimensions of home environment. There exists a positive, low, but significant correlations between communication skills dimension of social competence and parental involvement, parental expectations, academic stimulation and permissiveness dimensions of home environment while the correlation of communication skills with the remaining dimensions of home environment is not significant. There exists a positive, low but significant correlation between social competence and home environment of adolescents. The results indicated that as home plays an important role in developing social competence among adolescents, such a loving and caring environment should be provided at home that gives academic stimulation, protectiveness, freedom to express ideas and opportunities to participate in home affairs.

A Study of Academic Achievement Relation to Home Environment of Secondary School Students

The present study was conducted on hundred students to find out the relationship between academic achievement and home environment of students studying in private and Govt School going badnapur. Data were collected Home environment scale developed by Dr. Karuna Shankar Mishra. The results of the study revealed that a significantly positive relationship of home environment components of control, protectiveness, conformity, rewards, nurturance, permissiveness with academic achievement, there by meaning that it can be affected the academic achievement of students and But Social isolation dimension of home environment is negatively associated to academic achievement. However, the correlation of other components of home environment is not significantly relevant to academic achievement. The results show that the t-Ratio of Academic Achievement of boys and girls student and also private and govt school going students. The study has implications for educationists and parents as well.

Home Environment and Academic Self-Concept as Predictors of Career Maturity

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The present study was conducted to investigate home environment and academic self- concept as predictors of career maturity among adolescents. Descriptive survey method of research was used for collecting the data using Home Environment Scale by Sarla Java and Academic Self Concept Scale (ASCS) by Reynolds et al. (1980). &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;A representative sample of 400 (200 boys and 200 girls) Xth class students was drawn from schools located in the Hyderabad city using simple random sampling technique. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Descriptive, correlational and inferential statistics were used to compute correlations and to compare the means between the groups. Findings of the study revealed that (1) there is significant relationship between home environment, academic self-concept and career maturity of students. (2) there is significant difference between boys &amp;amp; girls and rural &amp;amp; urban in respect of their home environment, academic self- concept and career maturity and (3) there is significant difference between rural and urban students in respect of their home environment and career maturity, however insignificant difference is found in case of rural and urban on the measure of academic self- concept.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; The above analysis suggests that career development of adolescents should be taken as a challenge not only by the adolescents themselves but also by educationists, psychologists and administrators to develop maturity in career decision and goal selection. They should be guided and trained to make congruence between career behaviour and his expected behaviour at that age. Lesser is the gap between the two greater is the maturity in the individuals’ career.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

The home environment: A mediator of nutrition knowledge and diet quality in adolescents

The objective of this research was to assess adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2010 of mothers and their adolescents (11–14 years old) and to examine the role of the home environment as a mediator of maternal nutrition knowledge and adolescent diet quality. It is hypothesized that mothers with greater knowledge impact the diet quality of their adolescents by creation of healthier home environments. A sample of 206 mother-adolescent dyads separately completed the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale, a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and a Nutrition Knowledge Scale. Body mass index-for-age percentiles were derived from weight and height measurements obtained by researcher; diet quality was estimated via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010. Percent of maximum score on nutrition knowledge for both mothers and adolescents were poor, with lowest scores on recommendations of healthy eating and physical activity (48% and 19%, respectively). A model of maternal nutrition knowledge (independent variable) and adolescent diet quality (dependent variable) indicated that greater knowledge was associated with higher scores on total fruit (p = 0.02), whole grains (p = 0.05), seafood and plant proteins (p = 0.01), and overall diet quality (p < 0.01), as well as lower scores on empty calories (p = 0.01). Inclusion of the home environment as a mediator yielded significant estimates of the indirect effect (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0). Within the home environment, psychological (β = 0.46), social (β = 0.23), and environmental (β = 0.65) variables were all significant mediators of nutrition knowledge on diet quality. These results emphasize the importance of maternal nutrition knowledge and the mediating effect of the home environment on the diet quality of adolescents.

Development and validation of the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale (MHES) for adolescents and their mothers

The home environment is an important setting for the development of weight status in adolescence. At present a limited number of valid and reliable tools are available to evaluate the weight-related comprehensive home environment of this population. The goal of this research was to develop the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale which measures multiple components of the home. It includes psychological, social, and environmental domains from the perspective of an adolescent and the mother. Items were generated based on a literature review and then assessed for content validity by an expert panel and focus group in the target population. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's α. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was employed for assessment of construct validity. Temporal stability was evaluated using paired sample t-tests and bivariate correlations between responses at two different times, 1–2weeks apart. Associations between adolescent and mother responses were utilized for convergent validity. The final versions contained 32-items for adolescents and 36-items for mothers; these were administered to 218 adolescents and mothers. The subscales on the questionnaires exhibited high construct validity, internal consistency reliability (adolescent: α=0.82, mother: α=0.83) and test-retest reliability (adolescent: r=0.90, p<0.01; mother: r=0.91, p<0.01). Total home environment scores were computed, with greater scores reflecting a better health environment. These results verify the utility of the MHES as a valid and reliable instrument. This promising tool can be utilized to capture the comprehensive home environment of young adolescents (11–14years old).

Influence of the Home Environment and Nutrition Knowledge on Diet Quality of Adolescents

The objective of this research was to examine psychological, social, and environmental features in the home and their impact on diet quality and weight status of adolescents. A secondary goal was to explore the role of the comprehensive home environment as a mediator of maternal nutrition knowledge and diet quality. A sample of 206 mothers and adolescents (11–14 years) completed the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale, a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and a Nutrition Knowledge survey. Body mass index‐for‐age percentiles were derived from measurements of weight and height obtained by researcher; diet quality was estimated via the Healthy Eating Index‐2010. Adolescents consumed diets below recommendations for total fruit (68.1%), total vegetable (55.7%), greens and beans (52.9%), whole grains (15.3%), dairy (55%), seafood and plant protein (38.1%), fatty acids (8.8%), sodium (55.3%), empty calories (67.1%), and total HEI‐2010 (53.6%). The final model of the home environment on diet quality included availability of healthy foods (p=0.00), healthy eating attitude (p=0.01), and accessibility to unhealthy foods (p=0.04), explaining 28% of the variance. Equations that contained the strongest predictor variables, self‐efficacy (β=−0.24, p=0.02) and availability of healthy foods (β=−0.24, p=0.02) were retained and accounted for 16% of variation in BMI. Inclusion of the mediator in the model yielded significant estimates of the indirect effect (β=0.61, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) and a 65.2% reduction in the model, suggesting a critical role of the home environment as a partial mediator. These results emphasize the importance of the home environment in determination of diet quality and BMI. Additionally, the findings suggest that proficient maternal knowledge in nutrition may be linked to a healthier home environment, ultimately contributing to enhanced diet quality of adolescents.Support or Funding InformationBess Heflin Centennial Professorship in Nutrition