Domestic Economy Research Articles

The Role of Local Textiles in Enhancing the Home Economy and Achieving Sustainability

The article er aims to achieve the role of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and achieving sustainability that can be clarified as follows: Detect the most prominent determinants of the role of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and achieving sustainability. Pinpoint the role of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and achieving sustainability in the article sample. Classify the significance of the difference in the role of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and achieving sustainability according to the department variable. The article community included (200) female students from the University of Baghdad distributed among (Bio Department in the College of Science for Girls, Home Economics Department in the College of Education for Girls) tested randomly. The article er applied the scale of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and employed several statistical methods, including (discriminatory power) (for the scale paragraphs) the relationship of the paragraph score to the total score of the scale (paragraph validity) using Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient. As such, the article er comes up with multiple results as follows: The role of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and achieving sustainability is high from the point of view of the article sample. There is a difference in the role of local textiles in enhancing the home economy and achieving sustainability according to the department variable and in favor of the bio department, because the calculated T-value is higher than the tabular T-value of (1.96) at the level of (0.05) and a threshold degree of (198).

Home Economics at Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B al-Khayran in West-Central Jordan: Reconstructing Residential Unit Economic and Mobility Behavior through Lithic Analysis

ABSTRACT The shift from foraging to farming economies was deeply intertwined with increasing sedentism and the emergence of house-based corporate units in southwestern Asia, with a number of researchers arguing that in the early Neolithic, households become primary economic units within communities for the first time. In order to understand how this role for households articulated with new subsistence systems, this paper analyzes the knapped stone assemblage from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B agricultural field house of al-Khayran in the west-central Jordanian Highlands. Results demonstrate that al-Khayran’s residential unit enacted household maintenance activities, intensive cereal production, bidirectional blade reduction, and caching of stone tools in anticipation of repeated temporary occupations at the site. These findings show that the corporate household which occupied al-Khayran enacted novel mobility practices in order to accommodate emergent risks in agricultural economies.

European Perspectives on Public Benefit in Relation to Food: Insights from a Serious Game Approach

There is limited understanding of what constitutes public benefit from the perspective of the public, and none that we are aware of related to food consumer science. The purpose of this study is to contribute towards a better understanding of public benefit as a whole and its connection to food choice, essential to driving progress towards responsible consumption and healthier diets. Public benefit, associated trade-offs and responsible actors were investigated via written questions, and food choice was explored during group discussions using the PlayDecide methodology. Adults (n = 105) were recruited in six European countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Spain and the UK) and stratified by attained education. Our findings indicate that assumptions should not be made that there is general consensus about what constitutes public benefit, especially with regard to consumer food choice. Group discussions around food-related freedom of choice, education, agency and responsibility suggested that private and public benefit are neither mutually exclusive nor automatically complementary. The serious game approach employed affected a change in participants’ public benefit perceptions, demonstrating its potential to better evaluate the connections between private interests and the common good through meaningful public deliberation.

The role of oil revenue in shaping Iraq's public budget

The objective of this paper was to give a wide overview of the background of Iraq’s economy during last five decades. From the previous studies, it is evident that oil export has made a significant contribution to the Iraqi economy. This contribution, as we have analyzed took the form of periodic injections of purchasing power into the domestic economy. However, changes in the country's earnings were mostly influenced by crude oil revenues, reflecting global prices of oil and daily level of oil production. Then the fluctuating oil price and production levels disturb this injection and also disturb whole Iraqi economy. Due to changing oil revenue, the structure of Iraqi economy significantly changed from tradable goods sectors to non-tradable goods sector. Apart from that the contribution of oil sector to GDP has significantly increase and government expenditure also increased sharply. The outcomes is shown in data via tables and figures throughout the period of 1970-2013.

The structure and dynamics of the auto parts industry: Product space and complexity perspectives

Economic structures are strong determinants of diversification, growth, innovation, inequality, and many other socio-economic outcomes; however, structural change's effect on specific industries remains unexplored. This study investigates Japan's automotive components industry, analyzing its productive structure (the auto parts product space) and structural change process. We develop exploratory and econometric analyses that unify the measures of product relatedness and complexity. The firm-level data analysis shows that specific structural properties in international and domestic economies also exist in the automobile industry. This fractal structure implies that common principles and regularities underlie the formation of productive structures, notwithstanding the economies’ size, maturity, and industrial scope differences. The exploratory and econometric analyses indicate that the events of a product's appearance are not random but are significantly contingent on the network topology of the product space. Furthermore, network topology significantly impacts the development of complex products with sophisticated capabilities.

Industrial Policy: Lessons from Shipbuilding

Industrial policy has been used throughout history in some form or other by most countries. Yet, it remains one of the most contentious issues among policy makers and economists alike. In part, this is because the empirical evidence on whether and how it should be implemented remains slim. Scant data on government subsidies, conflicting theoretical arguments, and the need to account for governments’ short and long-run objectives, render research particularly challenging. In this article, we outline a theory-based empirical methodology that relies on estimating an industry equilibrium model to measure hidden subsidies, assess their welfare consequences for the domestic and global economy, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of different policy designs. We illustrate this approach using the global shipbuilding industry as a prototypical example of an industry targeted by industrial policy, especially in periods of heavy industrialization. Just in the past century, Europe, followed by Japan, then South Korea, and more recently China, developed national shipbuilding programs to propel their firms to global leaders. Success has been mixed across programs, certainly by welfare metrics, and sometimes even by growth metrics. We use our methodology on China to dissect the impact of such programs, what made them more or less successful, and how we can justify why governments have chosen shipbuilding as a target.

Family and Consumer Sciences Body of Knowledge Retool – an Update

Family and Consumer Sciences Body of Knowledge Retool – an Update

A Study on the Systematic Changes in Vocational High School Beauty Departments Reflected in the National Curriculum

This study was conducted to analyze and examine the general guidelines of the national curriculum presented at the national level and to propose development strategies for enhanced beauty education. For the study, the curriculum documents were collected and analyzed according to the revision periods, from the 1st period to the 2022 revised curriculum, through the National Law Information Center and the National Curriculum Information Center website The analysis revealed that vocational high schools, which are secondary vocational education institutions, underwent a name change from “industrial high schools” to “specialized high schools” and then to “specialized vocational high schools.” In the context of establishing beauty departments within the specialized subjects, the term “specialized subjects” was first used during the 2nd period. Starting from the 7th period, the beauty department was established within the specialized subjects. Before the introduction of specialized subjects, It was part of the home economics curriculum. The period after the 7th revision was identified as the time when the beauty department and beauty subjects became more structured. During the 1st period, vocational high schools had five main fields: agriculture, industry, commerce, fisheries, and home economics. In the 2009 revision, these fields were reorganized into vocational home economics, agricultural and life sciences, commercial information, and fisheries and shipping. By the 2015 and 2022 revisions, the fields were further divided into 17 subject groups. During the 2007 and 2009 revisions, the subjects of hair beauty, skin care, and makeup were established. Starting from the 2015 revision, the subject name changed from skin care to skin beauty, and nail beauty was introduced as a new subject. Additionally, with the distinction of theory and practical courses under the names “common subjects,” “basic subjects,” and “practical subjects,” the curriculum for beauty programs became more systematic and structured. In the sociocultural context, it is important to understand how the role of vocational education is changing and to identify any issues. Feedback on these aspects should be incorporated into the curriculum.

엑셀 매크로를 이용한 고교학점제 과목 선택 연습 프로그램 개발 및 진로교육 적용 방안

This study was conducted to develop a "High School Credit System Course Selection Practice Program" to assist high school freshmen and third-year middle school students in career planning and understanding the high school credit system. The program consists of "School Designated Course Settings," "Student Selected Course Settings," and "Student Selection Sheets," and is designed using Excel's data validation and macro functions to facilitate course offering and designation. Additionally, a career education program for third-year middle school students was developed for use in subjects such as "Technology and Home Economics," "Careers and Occupations," and creative experiential activities. It is recommended to modify this program according to the guidelines of local education offices, and subsequent research analyzing changes in students' career maturity and high school admission decision factors after applying the career education program is expected to further enhance the validity of the study.

Problems of Developing Researches on Women’s Political Leadership: A Bibliometric Analysis

The attention of researchers to the problems of recruiting new types of elites remains consistently high in the context of the modern political process transformation. But at the same time, the interest of researchers in women’s political leadership remains insignificant because the authors’ work continues to highlight gender inequality in politics, as demonstrated by the results of the study (113 publications versus 11,374). The paradigm of gender studies remains outdated: special attention is paid to the numerical indicators of women in top political positions, to the problems of unequal access and stereotypes of the electorate. Using the methodology of scientometric research approach, the author demonstrates the slow development of research problems of female political leadership in modern domestic science, as well as specifics and directions of development of research on possible institutionalization of women’s political leadership by means of bibliometric analysis of gender studies development on the basis of the e-library and RSCI. Citation analysis allows presenting statistics on the researched topic in popular search engines. The article notes that the problem field of female political leadership lies at the interdisciplinary interface of various scientific disciplines: political sciences, economic sciences, sociological sciences, psychological sciences and historical sciences. At the same time, the number of citations of publications on women’s political leadership more often prevails in economics, sociology and psychology. Researchers of leading Russian universities are mainly interested in the problems of women’s political leadership, including Lomonosov Moscow State University, structures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, The Presidential Academy RANEPA, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, etc. The findings of the study lead to conclusions about the well-established convictions in the scientific community among the gender researchers regarding inequality in politics. However, the transformation of the political process in recent years does not cause corresponding changes in the scientific paradigm among studies on women's political leadership.

INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM: INTERNATIONAL REGULATION AND NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

The article is devoted to the problems of an integrated risk-based approach in the financial sector, implemented at the international and national levels. The author develops his ideas about the specifics of the mechanism of international legal regulation of the financial sector and, for the first time in the domestic science of international financial law, focuses on the problems of integrated (cross-sectoral) supervision in the field of international finance through the light of targets of financial stability and financial integrity. The article states the hypothesis that public supervision in the financial sector can be effective only if it is risk-oriented, internationally coordinated, cross-sectoral and capable of being assessed for compliance with international standards. The integrated risk management of the financial system is revealed in the study by analyzing the interrelationships between supervision in order to achieve financial stability and supervision in order to achieve financial integrity. Special attention is paid to the systems of international assessment of country profile of financial stability and financial integrity used by international financial regulators, their integration with each other. The article concludes that there are elements of integrality of financial supervision carried out by international financial regulators and the expediency of setting up the same cross-sectoral supervisory model at the national level. Proposals of an institutional and regulatory nature are formulated.

Gas Flaring and its Socioeconomic Implications for Rural Communities in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI): Reflections on the Impact of Gas Flaring in Tawke Community

The study critically examines the problem of gas flaring and its socioeconomic implications in the KRI with emphasis on Tawke community who are predominantly peasant rural farmers. For several decades, KRI allowed natural gas to be flared which poses severe challenges to health, agricultural productivity and the environment with huge socioeconomic dimension to the survival of the local population. Although Iraq has sizeable natural gas reserves, however, about 70% of natural gas produced are flared which is responsible for more than 20 million tons of CO2 emissions annually that cost the domestic economy billions of dollars in lost revenue and other consequences including threat to public health and the environment. Thus, the study conducted simple narrative and in-depth qualitative in-person interview with some employees of DNO, public sector workers and members of the Tawke community on the impact and socioeconomic implications of gas flaring on their livelihood. The research findings resonate and lend credence to the widely held views on the state of the environment in KRI and revealed severe environmental consequences, health consequences, low yields in agriculture with socioeconomic and cultural implications on livelihood of the local people particularly Tawke community.

The objective side of murder as a typical legal construction

Protection of a person from criminal offenses, protection of his rights, freedoms and legitimate interests is one of the most important constitutional tasks of the State. The objective side of criminal offenses is an important part of the application of the law on criminal responsibility. The objective side of a criminal offense characterizes the external process of criminal behavior and contains information necessary for the correct qualification of the act. An essential role is played by the objective side in distinguishing adjacent components of criminal offenses. Especially when distinguishing acts that encroach on the same object and have the same form of guilt. Today's requirements require a clear understanding of the theory of the structural parts of a criminal offense, in particular, the objective side. The current stage of the development of domestic science of criminal law necessitates further research of scientific views on the theory of qualification of criminal offenses and their successful application by law enforcement agencies. Key words: murder, the objective side of criminal offenses, qualification of criminal offenses on objective grounds, judicial practice.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The article explores the implementation of innovative Industry 4.0 technologies in the energy sector of Ukraine. It investigates key issues in the energy sector, including the reduction of electricity production capacities due to destruction, capture, and damage to property, low levels of innovation activity in energy enterprises, high energy intensity of production, moral and physical aging of equipment, and a low influx of foreign direct investments into Ukraine's energy sphere. The majority of the analyzed period indicates a relatively low level of interest from foreign investors in the examined sector of the domestic economy. The study identifies the Industry 4.0 toolkit applicable for the restoration of damaged and modernization of outdated infrastructure, enhancing the efficiency of Ukraine's energy sector. It is noted that among the tools, special attention should be paid to monitoring and forecasting systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, integrated digital platforms, smart financial technologies, smart meters, remote monitoring systems, and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the peculiarities of applying this toolkit to solve the diagnosed problems in the energy sector of Ukraine. It is noted that the use of Industry 4.0 tools, namely the Internet of Things and big data analytics, can significantly improve the monitoring and management of energy processes. The problem of low innovation activity of Ukrainian energy companies can be solved by creating integrated digital platforms and developing partnerships between companies to share innovations. The use of smart financial technologies can make Ukraine's energy sector more attractive to investors. The high level of electricity losses during generation and distribution can be addressed by introducing smart meters and remote monitoring systems.

Increasing labour productivity by providing innovative activities in when repair and service sector in livestock industry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are significantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the significant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most signifi cant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal fi nancial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the effi ciency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certifi cation and rationalization of workplaces are eff ective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fi xed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the fi eld of animal husbandry.

Unveiling the causal nexus between Saudi’s seaborne trade and economy: evidence from an ARDL model

An economy’s primary objective is to foster high economic growth, ultimately enhancing the well-being of its citizens. Recent economic strategies have increasingly emphasized trade-oriented policies to achieve this goal. This study delves into the nexus between Saudi seaborne trade (measured in tons) and gross domestic product (GDP), aiming to determine any causal relationship between these economic variables. Using datasets from the Saudi Central Bank and the General Authority of Statistics, this research employs rigorous unit root, cointegration, and causality tests to find the intricate interplay between trade and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. The empirical analysis highlights a robust long-term relationship between Saudi GDP and seaborne trade, suggesting cointegration. Specifically, the findings reveal a significant impact of economic growth on seaborne trade, as indicated by a trade elasticity of 1.08, which implies that changes in GDP yield a substantial shift in trade. For instance, a 1% increase in GDP corresponds to an approximate 1.08% increase in trade volume. The error correction mechanism also illustrates the dynamic adjustment process: deviations of Saudi seaborne trade and economic growth from equilibrium are corrected by 61% and 43%, in the subsequent year. Furthermore, Granger causality tests unveil bidirectional causality between GDP and trade, elucidating that economic growth changes precede trade volume alterations and vice versa. Thus, fostering international trade not only stimulates income but also bolsters the domestic economy of Saudi Arabia.

Strategic challenges in retail sales

The outbreak of a full-scale war has shaken up the domestic economy, including the retail sector, which performs important tasks for the state. This was a significant blow to the country, as the retail sector is one of the largest emp­loyers in many countries around the world. It also contributes to the overall growth of production and economic develop­ment in general, generates significant tax revenues, etc. However, despite the continuation of martial law, the retail sector is working to normalize processes and adapt to future challenges. For these reasons, the hypothesis is formulated that current trends should meet the challenges of retail, compensate for losses through new approaches and solutions. To achieve this hypo­thesis, general scientific and special research methods such as analysis and synthesis, system-structural analysis and generalization were used. The key strategic challenges for modern retailers, such as climate change, staff shortages, pressure on supply chains, and martial law in Ukraine, are investigated. It is found that the main trends in the market are aimed at digitalizing the work of companies, their optimization, to create a comfortable environ­ment that can meet the needs of the modern consumer. Modern retailers should work not only on the quality of products and services, but also on the brand and policy, which should intersect with the current values of consumers. Such trends can reduce the impact of negative phenomena on the work of trade enterprises, as they are able to reduce losses and the need to attract new employees. It was found that the nearest forecasts are related to the introduction of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies in retail operations, the expansion of the influence of companies in the virtual environment, and the personalization of products for certain categories of the population. The conducted research makes it possible to characterize the retail of the future, to determine what features a modern business should possess in order to remain competitive on the market.

The foreign firm wage premium in the Israeli tech sector

Foreign tech multinationals, which have entered Israel en masse in the past two decades, are known to use high wages to draw in the best talent. While paying higher wages no doubt contributes to the domestic economy, local tech firms have argued that the competition for talent inhibits their growth, and that foreign multinationals contribute less in terms of overall economic value compared to local firms. It is thus of great importance to estimate the foreign firm wage premium – by how much do foreign multinationals pay more for comparable talent? Using an extensive micro-level education data and exploiting worker movement and firm shutdowns/downsizing as an unbiased alternative to AKM methodology, this paper finds the foreign firm wage premium to be in the 3%–4% range, much less than previously estimated.

External Factors Influencing the Implementation of Policy, System, and Environmental Change Strategies Within Cooperative Extension.

Introduction. Multilevel approaches are important to promote the adoption of healthier practices at the individual and community levels. Cooperative Extension pairs policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change approaches with direct education programs focused on individual and community health. This study sought to understand Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) Extension agents' perceptions of PSE change supports, benefits for their communities, and resources and partnerships important for implementation. Method. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to develop a survey to assess outer setting domains related to PSE work. In addition to close-ended questions, the survey included several open-ended, qualitative questions exploring the benefits, resources, and relationships required to implement PSE changes. The surveys were collected online from FCS agents in two states. Descriptive statistics were calculated, open responses were coded, and key themes were established. Results. FCS agents (n=116) indicated high levels of agreement about having necessary support from state-level specialists (71%) and the overall Extension organization (64%). The largest gaps in support were reported as grant or external funding sources, time, and county programming funds. Half of the sample agreed that PSE training was adequate, but only 38.5% reported previously participating in PSE-specific training. Open-ended question responses revealed diverse relationships and numerous benefits of PSE work, including more sustainable health behavior changes and greater local Extension visibility. Discussion. Our findings corroborate previous work and identify potential gaps that future interventions can address to better support Extension and public health professionals when implementing PSE work at the community level.

International spillovers of unconventional monetary policy: A meta-analysis

AbstractThe impacts of the unconventional monetary policy measures adopted by central banks after the 2007 financial crisis have been the focus of an increasing number of empirical studies. While some studies have focused on the impacts on the domestic economy, others have examined the international spillover effects of the policies adopted by the major central banks. The latter studies have, however, reported heterogeneous results. In this paper, we develop a meta-analysis of the empirical literature that examines the spillover effects of unconventional monetary policy on international capital flows. We find that, while the global average effect is not statistically different from zero, there are specific effects that vary significantly according to the development level of the destination country, the nature of the capital flow, the Central Bank that adopts the UMP, and the type and year of implementation of the UMP measure.