Hollow Fiber Renewal Liquid Membrane Research Articles

Separation of tellurium and selenium ions from leach liquor of copper anode slime by hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) technique

Separation of tellurium and selenium ions from leach liquor of copper anode slime by hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) technique

Modeling and experimental validation of the steady-state counteractive facilitated transport of Th(IV) and hydrogen ions through hollow-fiber renewal liquid membrane

In this study, a new mathematical model was proposed to analyze the permeation of thorium across the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM). Diluted solutions of bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and H2SO4 were used as the carrier and strip phases, respectively, in a one-through mode of operation. A one-dimensional (longitude direction) and time-independent model was developed based on the mass conservation equations and considered not only the transport of thorium but also the counter-transport of hydrogen ions on both sides of the module. The set of obtained algebraic and ordinary differential equations was numerically solved, and the comparison between the calculated results and the experimental data was performed. Experimental results were obtained at various operating conditions such as the lumen side fluid flow rate, carrier concentration, initial pH of the feed phase, initial solute concentration of the donor phase, and the module scale. Modeling results show that the developed model could predict the experimental data as well.

Intensification of zirconium and hafnium separation through the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane technique using synergistic mixture of TBP and Cyanex-272 as extractant

Abstract The novel synergistic mixture of TBP and Cyanex-272 is used as the extractant in the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) technique for Zr/Hf separation. The effects of the chemical and operational parameters such as HNO3 concentration in the donor phase, NH4F concentration in the acceptor phase, Cyanex-272 and TBP concentration in the liquid membrane phase, the lumen and shell side flow rates, and aqueous/organic volume ratio on the mass transfer and separation performance of HFRLM method were investigated. The obtained results reveal the intensification potential of proposed HFRLM technique for selective extraction of Zr over Hf with separation factor higher than 100. The HFRLM method provides two times higher mass transfer flux in comparison with hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM). Also, the HFRLM method shows satisfactory stability for 700 min of continuous operation. The Zr ion transport through the LM phase follows the coupled co-transport mechanism and the diffusion in the renewal layer is recognized as the rate-controlling step in the HFRLM process. Moreover, the Zr mass transfer coefficient and molar flux in the HFRLM method are calculated in the range of 1 × 10−8 to 8.4 × 10−7 m·s−1 and 4.9 × 10−6 to 20.1 × 10−6 mol·m−2·s−1, respectively.

Effective removal of ammonia from wastewater using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

AbstractA new method using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) for treatment of ammonia wastewater was proposed. Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA)‐kerosene and hydrogen chloride solution were selected as the extraction system and stripping phase for removal of ammonia from wastewater, respectively. The extraction equilibrium experiments were performed to confirm the feasibility of the extraction process. Effects of operating conditions and the composition of liquid membrane phase on mass transfer behavior of HFRLM were investigated. The treatment of ammonia wastewater with Mode 2 had a better mass transfer performance than that with Mode 1. In Mode 2, the feed phase and stripping phase flowed through the shell side and tube side, respectively. To a certain extent, the increases of D2EHPA concentration, hydrochloric acid concentration, and ammonia concentration were conducive to the increase of mass transfer flux of ammonia. After 10 stages of cascade experiments, the concentration of ammonia in wastewater at the outlet was less than 15 mg L−1. Besides, the final ammonia concentration decreased to 8.4 mg L−1 through the HFRLM recycling experiments. Based on series‐resistance model and the surface renewal theory, an appropriate mass transfer model was established and verified, which could be used to predict experimental results.

Effect of surfactants on the performance of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM): a case study of uranium transfer

In this study the application of various surfactant agents on the performance of HFRLM for uranium transfer was investigated. Using Taguchi experimental design in recycling mode of HFRLM, maximum uranium recovery of 63.17% was obtained at 0.15 mol L−1 H2SO4, 0.0125 mol L−1 Alamine 336 and 0.25 mol L−1 NH4Cl in the donor, liquid membrane and acceptor phase, respectively. Also, the continuous mode experiments were conducted and HFRLM stability was compared with HFSLM. The uranium transfer would be improved by adding 0.05 mmol L−1 of SDS, CTAB and LAE-7 to the donor phase and 10 mmol L−1 of CTAB and LAE-7 to the acceptor phase.

Hollow-fiber renewal liquid membrane extraction coupled with 96-well plate system as innovative high-throughput configuration for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence and diode array detection

This paper describes a new configuration of the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) procedure for the high-throughput determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, methylparaben, ethylparaben and bisphenol A using a 96-well plate system and high-performance liquid chromatography. In this configuration, cylindrical blades were adapted as a support for polypropylene membranes used as supported liquid membranes in the HFRLM approach. The proposed configuration exhibited important advantages including high-throughput, low solvent and sample consumption, and good analytical performance. The optimized extraction conditions were achieved with the use of a mixture comprised of 50:50 v/v 1-octanol:hexane as the supported liquid membrane, sample pH 5, extraction solvent 15 μL (hexane) and extraction time 45 min. The limits of quantification varied from 0.5 μg L−1 for 4-octylphenol to 15 μg L−1 for methylparaben and ethylparaben and the r2 ranged from 0.9908 for methylparaben to 0.9992 for 4-tert-octylphenol. HFRLM combined with the use of a 96-well plate provides an environmentally-friendly configuration. It offers good accuracy when applied to analyze water samples, with relative recoveries ranging from 72 to 130%, for 4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol, respectively, and precision varying from 1 to 14.3%, for 4-nonylphenol at 1.0 μg L−1 and bisphenol A at 8.0 μg L−1, respectively.

Performance evaluation of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane for extraction of uranium(VI) from acidic sulfate solution

Abstract The performance of the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) in the continuous and recycling modes for the extraction of uranium(VI) from the acidic sulfate solution has been investigated. Alamine 336 diluted in kerosene was used as a carrier in liquid membrane (LM) phase. In the batch experiments, the effects of sulfuric acid, extractant and uranium(VI) concentration were studied and the optimum concentration of the donor and LM phases were determined 0.15 mol L−1 and 0.0125 mol L−1, respectively. Various parameters affecting the HFRLM performance including the lumen and shell side flow rate, organic/aqueous volume ratio, acceptor phase type and concentration of carrier and acceptor phase were studied. The mass transfer flux increases with increasing the lumen side flow rates and the shell side flow rate did not have any significant effect. The uranium transfer flux increases with increasing O/A ratio, acceptor and Alamine 336 concentration, and reaches a maximum value at 1/20, 0.5 mol L−1 and 0.0125 mol L−1, respectively. Further increase in these parameters result in uranium transfer decrement. The results show that liquid membrane phase is a rate-controlling step. Among the investigated acceptor phases, 0.5 mol L−1 NH4Cl result in 60.35% uranium(VI) recovery in the recycling mode.

Thorium pertraction through hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) using Cyanex 272 as carrier

In this study, continuous extraction and back extraction of Th(IV) is carried out in the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) process. The organic solution of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphininc acid (Cyanex 272) diluted in kerosene is used as a liquid membrane phase which could transport thorium ions from the aqueous nitrate solution of donor phase to the acceptor phase containing H2SO4. The experiments are performed in the fashion that a mixture of aqueous and organic phase in the volume ratio of (A/O) 20 flows through the lumen side while the aqueous acceptor phase is pumped through the shell side. Results indicate the satisfactory stability of HFRLM process during 10 h of continuous operation. In addition, results show that the increase in the velocity of fluid in the lumen side, concentration of cyanex 272 in the liquid membrane phase, and pH of the feed leads to increase the mass transfer flux. However, increase in the H2SO4 concentration of acceptor phase from 0.2 to 1 mol.L−1 and initial concentration of thorium (IV) has no significant effect. In addition the overall mass transfer coefficient are calculated in the range of 5.7×10−8 to 2.41×10−7m/s.

Th(iv) recovery from aqueous waste via hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) in recycling mode: modelling and experimental validation

A new mathematical model was developed for recycling mode of HFRLM process which is in agreement with experimental results.

Th(IV) transport from nitrate media through hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

In this study, Th(IV) is transported through a hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) in the system containing tributyl phosphate (TBP) and 0.1molL−1 HNO3 as the carrier and the acceptor phases, respectively. The effects of operating mode, flow rates of the lumen and the shell sides and volume ratio of the organic to the aqueous phase on the mass transfer performance of HFRLM process are scrutinized. Experimental results indicate a satisfactory stability of HFRLM process during 12h of continuous operation. Moreover, the mass transfer rate of Th(IV) in the operating mode in which a stirred mixture of feed and organic phases passes through the lumen side is higher than the mode in which a stirred mixture of the acceptor and the organic phases flows through it. In addition, the correlations used for calculation of local mass transfer coefficients of the renewal layer and the shell side are modified. Furthermore, the mass transfer rate in the HFRLM system was about twice more than that in the hollow fiber supported liquid membrane.

Extraction and recovery of penicillin G from solution by cascade process of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

The feasibility of cascade process for penicillin G recovery utilizing hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) technique was investigated and the optimal conditions were determined. Cascade process of HFRLM was carried out to recover penicillin G from the aqueous solution using di-n-octylamine in iso-octanol and kerosene as the liquid membrane phase and K2CO3 aqueous solution as the stripping phase. The mass transfer performance of the process was evaluated in a hollow fiber module with 1000 microporous and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) hollow fibers. The cascade process of HFRLM was feasible for penicillin G recovery and the enrichment factor, extraction and recovery efficiency were larger than that of single-stage process. The stripping phase of 0.5molL−1K2CO3 solution could not only keep the efficiency of re-extraction, but also ensure the stability of penicillin G. Besides, the results indicated that 0.2molL−1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as the buffer solution in the feed solution could greatly reduce the loss of penicillin G due to the pH fluctuation. In the cascade mode operated at the flow rates of 45mLmin−1 in the shell side and 20 mLmin−1 in the tube side, the extraction and recovery efficiency of 97% and 82% for penicillin G were achieved after 7 stages respectively. The cascade process of HFRLM for penicillin G recovery exhibits good potential in industrial application.

ChemInform Abstract: Membrane‐Based Microextraction Techniques in Analytical Chemistry: A Review

AbstractReview: 153 refs.

Removal of Aniline from Wastewater Using Hollow Fiber Renewal Liquid Membrane

Hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) method was proposed based on the surface renewal theory for removal of aniline from waste water. The system of aniline+D2EHPA in kerosene+HCl was used. Aqueous layer diffusion in the feed phase is the rate-control step, and the influence of lumen side flow rate on the mass transfer is more significant than that on the shell side. The resistance of overall mass transfer is greatly reduced because of the mass transfer intensification in the renewal of liquid membrane on the lumen side. The driving force of mass transfer can be considered as a function of distribution equilibrium, and the overall mass transfer coefficient increases with the increase of pH in the feed solution, HCl concentration and D2EHPA concentration, and decreases with the increase of initial aniline concentration. A mass transfer model is developed for HFRLM based on the surface renewal theory. The calculated results agree well with experimental results. The HFRLM process is a promising method for aniline wastewater treatment.

Ionic liquids as a carrier for chloride reduction from brackish water using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

High concentration of chloride ions in continental water is a great problem for the exploitation of these natural resources. In industry, the use of this water involves additional conditioning steps. For drinking water and irrigation uses, the Cl− must be reduced by conventional water treatment processes, like ion exchange or reverse osmosis, but for large scale production these techniques could be very expensive due to resin regeneration or energy costs. The possibility of using supported liquid membranes (SLM) with ionic liquids (IL), Aliquat 336, Cyphos IL 101 and Cyphos IL 167, as carriers to exchange Cl− for HCO3− anion has been shown to work. The reversibility of this anion exchange was corroborated by solvent extraction experiments and implemented in flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) and hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane technologies (HFRLM). About double transport values have been obtained in HFRLM compared to SLM and 1h is the time enough to reduce the chloride concentration up to 250mg/L using HFRLM at the best experimental condition. The results obtained allow us to be optimistic about the implementation of this technology on a large scale to chloride reduction in drinking water when the source is inadequate for direct use.

Modeling study on the mass transfer of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane: Effect of the hollow fiber module scale

The effect of hollow fiber module scale on the mass transfer performance of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane technique is studied experimentally and theoretically. Five scales of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane modules with same packing density and effective length are used for experiments. CuSO4 aqueous solution is used as feed phase, the organic solution of LIX984N in kerosene is used as liquid membrane phase, and H2SO4 is used as the stripping phase. The non-ideal flow status on the shell-side of the hollow fiber module is described by residence time distribution curves and quantitatively characterized by the Peclet number. Peclet number increases with the increase of L/d in hollow fiber module, and reaches its maximum value when L/d is 20, then decreases. The overall mass transfer coefficient is directly proportional to the Peclet number on the shell side in single-pass, recycling and cascade operation modes in the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane process. A new mass transfer correlation is proposed to quantitatively describe the non-ideal flow on the shell-side of the hollow fiber module with Peclet number. Then, the corresponding mathematical model for hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane process is developed and the calculated results show good agreement with the experimental data.

Membrane-based extraction with strip/organic dispersion methodologies for metals removal and recovery from wastewaters

Abstract The generation of liquid effluents containing organic and inorganic residues from industries presented a potential hazardousness for environment and human health, being mandatory the elimination of these pollutants from the respective solutions containing them. In order to achieve this goal, several techniques are being used, and among them, supported liquid membranes technologies are showing their potential for their application in the removal of metals contained in liquid effluents. Supported liquid membranes are a combination between conventional polymeric membranes and solvent extraction. Several configurations are used: flat-sheet supported liquid membranes, spiral wounds and hollow fiber modules. In order to improve their effectiveness, smart operations have been developed: pseudo-emulsion membrane based strip dispersion (PEMSD), pseudo-emulsion based hollow fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD), hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) and double strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHL...

Supported liquid membranes technologies in metals removal from liquid effluents

The generation of liquid effluents containing organic and inorganic residues from industries present a potential hazardousness for environment and human health, being mandatory the elimination of these pollutants from the respective solutions containing them. In order to achieve this goal, several techniques are being used and among them, supported liquid membranes technologies are showing their potential for their application in the removal of metals contained in liquid effluents. Supported liquid membranes are a combination between conventional polymeric membranes and solvent extraction. Several configurations are used: flat-sheet supported liquid membranes, spiral wounds and hollow fiber modules. In order to improve their effectiveness, smart operations have been developed: non-dispersive solvent extraction, non-dispersive solvent extraction with strip phase dispersion and hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane. This paper overviewed some of these supported liquid membranes technologies and their applications to the treatment of metal-bearing liquid effluents.

Extraction separation of Cu(II) and Co(II) from sulfuric solutions by hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

Extraction separation of Cu(II) and Co(II) from sulfuric wastewater is studied with hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) technique. The organic solution of LIX 984N in kerosene is used as the liquid membrane phase to selectively separate and concentrate Cu(II) from aqueous solution; and the extractant of CYANEX 272 is used as carrier to remove and concentrate Co(II) from aqueous solution. In the selective separation process, LIX 984N has good selectivity on Cu(II); the interactions among metal ions can be negligible; the pH in the feed aqueous solution has significant influence, while the influence of hydrogen ion concentration in the stripping phase is slight. The removal efficiency of Cu(II) increases with the increasing flow rate on lumen side, while decreases with the increasing flow rate on shell side. The results of lab-scale cascade experiments show that the HFRLM technique is a promising treatment method for simulated sulfuric wastewater containing copper and cobalt with separation factor higher than 100. The Cu(II) and Co(II) concentrations in the raffinate are lower than 0.50 mg L −1 and 1.0 mg L −1, respectively, which are both below the standard of wastewater discharge in China. Based on the surface renewal theory, resistance-in-series model and mass balance law, a corresponding mass transfer mathematical model is developed; and the calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data.

A simple hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane extraction method for analysis of sulfonamides in honey samples with determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and precise analysis using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is described for determination of five sulfonamides in honey samples. In this procedure, the organic solvent introduced directly into the sample matrix extracts the sulfonamides and carries them over the polypropylene porous membrane. An organic solvent is immobilized inside the polypropylene porous membrane, leading to a homogeneous phase. The stripping phase at higher pH in the lumen of the membrane promotes the ionization of the target compounds releasing them to this phase. The most important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by multivariable designs (pH and sample mass, pH and buffer for stripping phase, extraction temperature and time, type and volume of extractor solvent and use of salt to saturate the sample). Detection limits in the range of 5.1–27.4 μg kg −1 and linearity coefficient of correlation higher than 0.987 were obtained for the target analytes. The results obtained for the proposed method show that HFRLM–LC–MS/MS can be used for determination of the five sulfonamides studied in honey samples with excellent precision, accuracy, practicality and short analysis time.

Mass Transfer of Copper(II) in Hollow Fiber Renewal Liquid Membrane with Different Carriers

The extraction ability of organophosphorus extractant D2EHPA (di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid) and hydroximic extractant Lix984N are investigated by the extraction equilibrium experiments. Effects of carrier concentration and organic/aqueous volume ratio on the mass transfer of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) are studied. Results show that, in the extracting process, kerosene and n-heptane are more suitable than methyl-isobutyl ketone, butylacetate and benzene as the diluents of D2EHPA or Lix984N. The favorable feed pH is 4.4 for D2EHPA and 2.6 for Lix984N. The mass transfer flux of HFRLM increases with carrier concentration and finally reaches a plateau. The mass transfer flux and the overall transfer coefficient increase with the organic/aqueous volume ratio, reach the maximum and then decrease.