Holistic Level Research Articles

Systems Biology of Aromatic Compound Catabolism in Facultative Anaerobic Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1T.

Members of the genus Aromatoleum thrive in diverse habitats and use a broad range of recalcitrant organic molecules coupled to denitrification or O2 respiration. To gain a holistic understanding of the model organism A. aromaticum EbN1T, we studied its catabolic network dynamics in response to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, and acetate utilized under nitrate-reducing versus oxic conditions. Integrated multi-omics (transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome) covered most of the catabolic network (199 genes) and allowed for the refining of knowledge of the degradation modules studied. Their substrate-dependent regulation showed differing degrees of specificity, ranging from high with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate to mostly relaxed with benzoate. For benzoate, the transcript and protein formation were essentially constitutive, contrasted by that of anoxia-specific versus oxia-specific metabolite profiles. The matrix factorization of transcriptomic data revealed that the anaerobic modules accounted for most of the variance across the degradation network. The respiration network appeared to be constitutive, both on the transcript and protein levels, except for nitrate reductase (with narGHI expression occurring only under nitrate-reducing conditions). The anoxia/nitrate-dependent transcription of denitrification genes is apparently controlled by three FNR-type regulators as well as by NarXL (all constitutively formed). The resequencing and functional reannotation of the genome fostered a genome-scale metabolic model, which is comprised of 655 enzyme-catalyzed reactions and 731 distinct metabolites. The model predictions for growth rates and biomass yields agreed well with experimental stoichiometric data, except for 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, with which 4-hydroxybenzoate was exported. Taken together, the combination of multi-omics, growth physiology, and a metabolic model advanced our knowledge of an environmentally relevant microorganism that differs significantly from other bacterial model strains. IMPORTANCE Aromatic compounds are abundant constituents not only of natural organic matter but also of bulk industrial chemicals and fuel components of environmental concern. Considering the widespread occurrence of redox gradients in the biosphere, facultative anaerobic degradation specialists can be assumed to play a prominent role in the natural mineralization of organic matter and in bioremediation at contaminated sites. Surprisingly, differential multi-omics profiling of the A. aromaticum EbN1T studied here revealed relaxed regulatory stringency across its four main physiological modi operandi (i.e., O2-independent and O2-dependent degradation reactions versus denitrification and O2 respiration). Combining multi-omics analyses with a genome-scale metabolic model aligned with measured growth performances establishes A. aromaticum EbN1T as a systems-biology model organism and provides unprecedented insights into how this bacterium functions on a holistic level. Moreover, this experimental platform invites future studies on eco-systems and synthetic biology of the environmentally relevant betaproteobacterial Aromatoleum/Azoarcus/Thauera cluster.

Phosphoproteomic mapping of CCR5 and ACKR2 signaling properties.

ACKR2 is an atypical chemokine receptor which is structurally uncoupled from G proteins and is unable to activate signaling pathways used by conventional chemokine receptors to promote cell migration. Nonetheless, ACKR2 regulates inflammatory and immune responses by shaping chemokine gradients in tissues via scavenging inflammatory chemokines. To investigate the signaling pathways downstream to ACKR2, a quantitative SILAC-based phosphoproteomic analysis coupled with a systems biology approach with network analysis, was carried out on a HEK293 cell model expressing either ACKR2 or its conventional counterpart CCR5. The model was stimulated with the common agonist CCL3L1 for short (3min) and long (30min) durations. As expected, many of the identified proteins are known to participate in conventional signal transduction pathways and in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics. However, our analyses revealed unique phosphorylation and network signatures, suggesting roles for ACKR2 other than its scavenger activity. In conclusion, the mapping of phosphorylation events at a holistic level indicated that conventional and atypical chemokine receptors differ in signaling properties. This provides an unprecedented level of detail in chemokine receptor signaling and identifying potential targets for the regulation of ACKR2 and CCR5 function.

Discussion on Innovation Strategy of Government Management in the New Era

Government signifies the organization which can be capable of effectively mobilizing social resources and promoting social development in the development of human society. With the improvement of social productivity, further innovation is required for government in management to meet the development needs of the new era, which also leads to a certain lag of government management compared with social development. Government management should be conducted from the following three aspects: system supply, policy incentive and external constraint. At present, there are three problems in government management, such as imperfect system, insufficient information and unqualified staff level. By promoting the holistic level, informationization and professionalism of government services, these three problems can be effectively solved. With the development of productivity, the government management will develop towards the direction of informationization and servitization.

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic strategies to reveal adaptive mechanisms in castor plant during germination stage under alkali stress

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide, and is also considered as one of the most promising plants for alkali-affected soil amelioration in the northeast of China. Seed germination plays a vital role in seedling establishment, and is always sensitive to alkali stress. However, little is known about the dynamic changes and regulatory mechanisms of gene expression and metabolic processes of this species during germination stage under alkali stress. In the present study, physiological, metabolome and transcriptome responses in germinating seeds of castor were investigated when exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM alkalinity (NaHCO3). The results showed that alkali stress sharply decreased germination percentage. The Na+ content increased but K+ content decreased under alkalinity. In addition, the malondialdehyde and proline contents increased with the increasing alkalinities. Meanwhile, 50, 100 and 150 mM alkalinity induced 31, 48 and 113 differential metabolites, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling result showed that there were 138, 845 and 694 differentially expressed genes in the seeds under different concentrations alkali stresses, respectively. The integrating analysis of metabolite and gene expression changes indicating that germination response of castor seeds under alkali stress was closely related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. The adaptive strategies of castor seeds under alkaline stress were promoting amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle to regulate osmotic balance and ROS level; as well as providing materials and energy for secondary metabolism, although alkali stress affected the membrane fluidity due to the reduction of unsaturated fatty acid content. Moreover, castor seeds increased metabolites on nucleotide biosynthesis to ensure their germination process under alkaline salt stress. The present research provides a deeper insight into overall understanding alkali-tolerant mechanisms of oil crops during germination in a holistic level.

CTTE: Customized Travel Time Estimation via Mobile Crowdsensing

Estimating the origin-destination travel time is a fundamental problem in many location-based services for vehicles, e.g., ride-hailing, vehicle dispatching, and route planning. Recent work has made significant progress to accuracy, but they largely rely on GPS trajectories which are too coarse to model many personalized driving behaviors, e.g., differentiating novice and veteran drivers. In this paper, we propose Customized Travel Time Estimation (CTTE) that fuses GPS trajectories, smartphone inertial data, and road network within a deep recurrent neural network. It constructs a road link traffic database with topology representation, speed statistics, and query distribution. It also calibrates inertial readings, estimates the arbitrary phone’s pose in car, and detects multiple aggressive driving events (e.g., bump judders, sharp turns, sharp slopes, frequent lane shifts, overspeeds, and sudden brakes). Finally, we demonstrate our solution on two typical transportation problems, i.e., predicting traffic speed at holistic level and estimating customized travel time at personal level, within a multi-task learning structure. Experiments on two large-scale real-world traffic datasets from DiDi platform show our effectiveness compared with the state-of-the-art.

Review of Fibromyalgia (FM) Syndrome Treatments.

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal chronic pain that impairs the patient’s quality of life and is considered a somatization disorder. The symptoms of the disease also affect the patient mentally, mainly since invisible pain is the only thing that indicates its existence. A typical symptom that characterizes FM patients is the lack of acceptance of the disease since its pathophysiology is not elucidated, hence the deficiencies in its management, or rather, cognitively, the belief that there is no disease to manage. The current paper aims to shed light on the new treatment methods at a holistic level, that is, cognitive, physical, and pharmacological therapies. Method: A literature review was carried out that discusses treatment methods that help alleviate the pain, accept it, and manage the symptoms of the disease. Results: FM symptoms can be treated by taking a broad view of treatment that will include a response to the mind through pain management, response to the body through physical activity, and response to the pain through pharmacological treatment. Conclusions: Today, there is an evolutionary view that accepts FM and chronic pain diseases as syndromes in which the pain is the disease; therefore, the response to this disease can be applied through three channels: physical, bodily, and mental.

Holistic individual preparedness in an urban fire-prone area: The case of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

In urban areas, fire hazards have become more prevalent. Despite many fatalities and injuries, there is a dearth of information on public preparedness for fire hazards in Bangladesh. This study aims to determine an individual's holistic fire preparedness level in the capital, Dhaka city of Bangladesh. We have used a novel model. A total of 1,376 respondents completed a self-reported online survey. The linear regression model, logistic regression model, and Spearman's rank correlation were used as appropriate. The survey population reported experiencing frequent fires in their area (30%), and most of them (>60%) did not engage in any fire preparedness program. While 37.50% had previously faced fires, only 41% were aware of fire equipment. About 50% of the study population were aware of safety procedures and an emergency escape plan in a fire emergency. Over 40% of the studied population lacks emergency resources such as cash, emergency equipment, food and water, and emergency supply kits in a fire situation. Over half of them did not have fire insurance for their households and property. Females have a lower capacity for adaptation than males. Individual holistic fire preparedness was significantly predicted by education, employment, residential unit, and involvement in a fire preparedness program. Thus, the authorities should consider these considerations while assessing how to strengthen fire preparedness. In general, comprehensive fire preparedness campaigns combined with effective education are essential for holistic fire preparedness to be competent.

P14 - Weaving Holistic Reflection within Midwifery Education and Practice

Reflective capacity is recognised as an essential professional attribute that underpins the development of midwives as competent and autonomous, self-determined, life-long learners, and critical reflective thinkers. Despite this professional requirement, little is known about how reflective capacity is developed, facilitated, or measured within midwifery education and practice. To design, develop, test, and evaluate a model of holistic reflection, and education resources designed to scaffold development and facilitation of holistic reflection and transformative learning and practice in midwifery. Using Education Design Research principles, a multi-method approach was applied to undertake four empirical studies: i. development a model of holistic reflection and education resources; ii. Evaluate effectiveness of the model and resources; iii. Evaluate the utility of the model as an educational resource for educators; iv. Design and test of tool to measure holistic reflection in midwifery students. The Bass Model of Holistic Reflection facilitates deep learning from integration of midwifery practice and knowledge in holistic ways. The unique combination of critical reflection, reflective writing, and reflexive conversations effectively scaffolded reflective capacity over time. The Model and Toolkit were positively evaluated by educators to establish the foundation of holistic reflection, and effectively supported their role in facilitating the development of holistic reflection. The Holistic Reflection Assessment Tool provides a valid and reliable measure of students’ holistic reflective capacity that scaffolds progression across the continuum from pre-reflective to a critical emancipatory and holistic level of reflection. Adopting a whole-of-program approach provides the foundation building blocks and scaffolds development of holistic reflective capacity. Embedding holistic reflective pedagogy within curricula to facilitate development of reflective capacity was identified as important to realise the transformative potential of holistic reflection.It is recommended that the Bass Model comprising the conceptual framework, model, resources, and assessment tool be embedded as an education strategy within curricula.

The Impact of Air Pollution on the Protection of World Cultural Heritage in China.

The damage of air pollution to cultural heritage is widely known. However, the quantitative effects still need to be explored at a holistic level. Different from existing research which focuses on the “model calculation” methods, this paper uses an econometric approach to assess the overall impact of air pollution on the sustainable protection of world cultural heritage in China. Based on the data of the annual monitoring report from 2014 to 2020 released by the China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring Platform, this paper uses the thermal inversion as an instrument variable of air pollution to estimate the overall effects of air pollution on all world cultural heritage sites in China. The results indicate that almost all the air pollutants (except for CO) have significantly negative effects on heritage. The damaging effects of gaseous pollutants including SO2, NO2 and O3 is greater than that of particulate pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10. Rainfall can exacerbate the worsening effects of gaseous pollutants, but will mitigate the negative effects of particulate pollutants; the windy weather may weaken the negative impact. In addition, environmental regulations from the local government can also alleviate the negative influence of air pollution on heritage protection. This research can provide a more comprehensive environmental prevention policy reference for the protection of world cultural heritage.

Navon-induced processing biases fail to affect the recognition of whole faces and isolated facial features

ABSTRACT According to the processing bias account, global Navon-induced processing primes the adoption of a holistic strategy whereas local Navon-induced processing triggers featural processing. As faces are recognised at a holistic level, global Navon-induced processing would increase recognition accuracy of whole faces. In contrast, local Navon-induced processing would enhance the recognition of individual facial features. In two experiments we explored this account using the part/whole task. Observers were asked to recognise facial features presented in isolation or embedded into whole faces, after global or local Navon-induced processing. In both experiments, results showed a whole-over-part advantage whereby facial features were recognised more accurately in the context of the whole face than in isolation. However, Navon-induced processing failed to modulate this effect as well as the magnitude of holistic-featural face processing. These results cast doubts on the reliability of Navon processing to prime the adoption of a particular processing style for face identification.

A thermal network model for hydrocarbon heat pump systems: A coupling analysis of configuration, working condition, and refrigeration distribution

The ambition of zero emission neighborhood has been set out to operate the building components with zero life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrocarbon heat pumps as the building components with nearly zero greenhouse gas emissions are faced with the problem of simultaneously reducing refrigerant charges and maintaining competitive capacities. These must be resolved by formulating an effective modeling tool for detailed design and optimization. To develop a resistance–capacitance network model, interdisciplinary knowledge (including graph theory, heat and mass transfer, local moving boundary modeling, and algebraic multigrid) is integrated. The model simultaneously considers heat exchanger circuitries with a high detail level and component behaviors at a holistic system level. Based on experimental validation, the model’s error is ∼ 10%. In an R290 heat pump case study, the coupling mechanism of the system’s configuration, working conditions, and refrigerant distribution are analyzed. Results indicate that the refrigerant charge can be reduced by 11.6% at the expense of a 4.2% reduction in the coefficient of performance, by varying the compressor displacement alone. In response to the variation in the system’s refrigerant, 46.8%, 7.85%, and 44.2% of the total amount of refrigerants are allocated to the condenser, evaporator, and compressor, respectively. The distribution of the refrigerant quality in the heat exchanger is also visualized to indicate the direction of refrigerant reduction.

How #TaiwanCanHelp Reverberates: An Exploratory Analysis of Advocacy Hashtag on Twitter

Taiwan’s unique circumstance as a contested state makes it imperative for the country to increase international support for and awareness of its embattled democracy at the hands of the authoritarian government in Beijing through positive public visibility. #TaiwanCanHelp, while perhaps similar to other forms of hashtag activism, is also very different because it also encompasses digitalization of diplomacy, in which the Taiwanese government seeks to raise international awareness of its struggle and gain goodwill through its medical equipment donations. The social influence of #TaiwanCanHelp has not been measured and examined extensively. Evaluation of hashtag use at a holistic level is imperative to the understanding of the extent of resonance across social media. This study explores the dynamics of the #TaiwanCanHelp hashtag on Twitter by quantifying the public response and uncovering the public opinions around #TaiwanCanHelp. A mixed-methods methodology incorporating time-series analysis, sentiment analysis, spatial analysis, and word clouds has been adopted. Our results reveal that #TaiwanCanHelp has resonated beyond Taiwan and received positive responses from diverse users across the globe. Our findings also suggest that the prominence of #TaiwanCanHelp rides on real-life events and is a successful attempt by the Taiwan government in generating international interest through digitalization of diplomacy to advance Taiwan’s interests.

Neuroendocrine-Immune Regulatory Network of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver.

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) is a popular medicinal herb and health supplement in China, Japan, and Korea, and has a variety of pharmaceutical properties. The neuroendocrine–immune (NEI) network is crucial in maintaining homeostasis and physical or psychological functions at a holistic level, consistent with the regulatory theory of natural medicine. This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical compositions, biological roles, and pharmacological properties of E. ulmoides to build a bridge between it and NEI-associated diseases and to provide a perspective for the development of its new clinical applications. After a review of the literature, we found that E. ulmoides has effects on NEI-related diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, insomnia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. However, clinical studies on E. ulmoides were scarce. In addition, E. ulmoides derivatives are diverse in China, and they are mainly used to enhance immunity, improve hepatic damage, strengthen bones, and lower blood pressure. Through network pharmacological analysis, we uncovered the possibility that E. ulmoides is involved in functional interactions with cancer development, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and various inflammatory pathways associated with NEI diseases. Overall, this review suggests that E. ulmoides has a wide range of applications for NEI-related diseases and provides a direction for its future research and development.

Emotional Self-Care: Exploring the Influencing Factors Among Individuals With Cancer.

Cancer is a leading source of distress and fatality worldwide. Cancer-related aberrant cell proliferation causes excruciating pain and impairment. To cope with pain and manage symptoms and illness, pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological options are available. Self-care behaviors are recognized as a key source in symptom management and improving quality adherence to treatment among the current non-pharmacological strategies. The intervention measures to improve self-care were hardly impacted because of the narrow focus on physical self-care. Bringing in emotional self-care and addressing the individual's emotional health can enhance the effectiveness of interventions on a holistic level. Hence, this study has attempted to explore the factors that influence emotional self-care among individuals with cancer. Following an exploratory research design, the data were collected from 15 participants (4 men and 11 women) using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews. Through thematic analysis, eight major themes were identified: physiological factors, social factors, family factors, psychological factors, individual factors, socioeconomic factors, cultural factors, and spiritual factors. The findings explained the emotional self-care among patients with cancer and how different identified factors influence their emotional self-care practices.

Transformation of urban morphology, vulnerability and resilience: Haifa Street Area, as a case study

Many historical cities around the world have undergone morphological changes throughout time. Some of these changes have been beneficial for the modern nature of these cities and some have been of a negative impact, some have created challenges due to rapid urbanization leading to demoted urban communities. This paper presents an understanding of the transformed and disconnected urban morphology, caused by these alterations, through space syntax evaluation and analysis regarding two main indicators: vulnerability and resilience, on the morphological and structural levels of the traditional organic city in the specific studied area located in Al-Karkh, Baghdad (Haifa street and the surrounding historical layout). The study adopted an analysis using DepthMapX software, a software especially developed in space syntax theory. Quality of urban life can be evaluated by measuring the different values of various indicators, according to resilience and vulnerability, of the studied area over two different time periods, a historical phase and the current phase, showing the amount of transformation due to the development of Haifa street which currently runs through the historical area. The results showed that the transformation affected the bonds that connect the urban structure of the traditional layout, which in turn, affected the system’s resilience represented by the traditional alleys, streets, and squares which were once lively and filled with people and energy with high internal bonding values. The modern alterations led to increasing the vulnerability of the urban performance regarding the activity of people and the quality of urban life, which was indicated by registering low analytical values. However, the area showed rapid adaptation to the forced transformation on many levels due to the flexibility of the traditional form. In conclusion, the study indicated a balance between the elements of the vulnerability and resilience indicators in the historical area and the modern development it suffered which in a way reflects the city’s identity today and therefore achieving development on a holistic level.

Effectiveness of Integrated Diabetes Care Interventions Involving Diabetes Specialists Working in Primary and Community Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction:Evidence that integrated diabetes care interventions can substantially improve clinical outcomes is mixed. However, previous systematic reviews have not focussed on clinical effectiveness where the endocrinologist was actively involved in guiding diabetes management.Methods:We searched EMBASE, COCHRANE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Google Scholar databases and grey literature published in English language up to 25 January 2021. Reviewed articles included Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and pre-post studies testing the effectiveness on clinical outcomes after ≥6 months intervention in non-pregnant adults (age ≥ 18 years) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two reviewers independently extracted data and completed a risk of bias assessment. Appropriate meta-analyses for each outcome from RCTs and pre-post studies were performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q and publication bias assessed using Doi plots. Studies were not pooled to estimate the cost-effectiveness as the cost outcomes were not comparable across trials/studies.Results:We reviewed 4 RCTs and 12 pre-post studies. The integrated care model of diabetes specialists working with primary care health professionals had a positive impact on HbA1c in both RCTs and pre-post studies and on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and weight in pre-post studies. In the RCTs, interventions reduced HbA1c (–0.10% [–0.15 to –0.05]) (–1.1 mmol/mol [–1.6 to –0.5]), versus control. Pre-post studies demonstrated improvements in HbA1c (–0.77% [–1.12 to –0.42]) (–8.4 mmol/mol [–12.2 to –4.6]), systolic blood pressure (–3.30 mmHg [–5.16 to –1.44]), diastolic blood pressure (–3.61 mmHg [–4.82 to –2.39]), total cholesterol (–0.33 mmol/L [–0.52 to –0.14]) and weight (–2.53 kg [–3.86 to –1.19]). In a pre-post study with no control group only 4% patients experienced hypoglycaemia after one year of intervention compared to baseline.Conclusions:Integrated interventions with an active endocrinologist involvement can result in modest improvements in HbA1c, blood pressure and weight management. Although the improvements per clinical outcome are modest, there is possible net improvements at a holistic level.

What is the Cryptocurrency? Is it a Threat to Our National Security, Domestically and Globally?

Since the rise of Bitcoin in 2009 and recent interest in digital currency is on an ascending trend, the question is how far will it penetrate in financial system other industries? How stable is this currency? With recent comments from CEO of Tesla Elon Mask, we saw a crash of 14% in Bitcoin stock overnight trades of any other existing crypto currency stock in open market came to a halt. Thus, one should be concern about stability of digital currency, providing no centralized banking standing behind any of these digital crypto currencies like we see in traditional banking business where currencies are being backed up and insured by Federal governments like FDIC in United States. In this short review, we have brought a high level of information from the web at a very holistic level, yet in a layman language for those readers that want to have a quick understanding of Crypto Currencies or Digital Currencies that seem a hot topic of today’s market.

Perspective: Simple State Communities to Study Microbial Interactions: Examples and Future Directions.

Microbial interactions in natural environments are intricately complex. High numbers and rich diversity of microorganisms, along with compositional heterogeneities complicate the cause. It is essential to simplify these complex communities to understand the microbial interactions. We proposed a concept of “simple state community,” which represents a subset of microbes and/or microbial functions of the original population that is necessary to build a stable community. By combining microbial culturing and high-throughput sequencing, we can better understand microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. To support our proposed model, we used carbon-based and nitrogen-based media to capture the simple state communities. We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and assigned taxonomic identity to the bacterial populations before and after simple state communities. We showed that simple state communities were a subset of the original microbial communities at both phyla and genera level. We further used shotgun metagenomics to gain insights into the functional potential of the assembled simple state communities. Our proposed model supported the goal of simplifying the complex communities across diverse systems to provide opportunity to facilitate comprehension of both the structure and function of the subset communities. Further applications of the concept include the high-throughput screening of simple state communities using the BIOLOG® system and continuous culturing (Chemostat). This concept has the potential to test diverse experimental hypotheses in simplified microbial communities, and further extend that knowledge to answer the overarching questions at a more holistic level.

Presence of a Mitovirus Is Associated with Alteration of the Mitochondrial Proteome, as Revealed by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and Co-Expression Network Models in Chenopodium quinoa Plants.

Simple SummaryPlants often harbor persistent plant virus infection transmitted only vertically through seeds, resulting in no obvious symptoms (cryptic infections). Several studies have shown that such cryptic infections provide resilience against abiotic (and biotic) stress. We have recently discovered a new group of cryptic plant viruses infecting mitochondria (plant mitovirus). Mitochondria are cellular organelles displaying a pivotal role in protecting cells from the stress of nature . Here, we look at the proteomic alterations caused by the mitovirus cryptic infection of Chenopodium quinoa by Systems Biology approaches allowing one to evaluate data at holistic level. Quinoa is a domesticated plant species with many exciting features of abiotic stress resistance, and it is distinguished by its exceptional nutritional characteristics, such as the content and quality of proteins, minerals, lipids, and tocopherols. These features determined the growing interest for the quinoa crop by the scientific community and international organizations since they provide opportunities to produce high-value grains in arid, high-salt and high-UV agroecological environments. We discovered that quinoa lines hosting mitovirus activate some metabolic processes that might help them face drought. These findings present a new perspective for breeding crop plants through the augmented genome provided by accessory cryptic viruses to be investigated in the future.Plant mitoviruses belong to Mitoviridae family and consist of positive single-stranded RNA genomes replicating exclusively in host mitochondria. We previously reported the biological characterization of a replicating plant mitovirus, designated Chenopodium quinoa mitovirus 1 (CqMV1), in some Chenopodium quinoa accessions. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial proteome from leaves of quinoa, infected and not infected by CqMV1. Furthermore, by protein–protein interaction and co-expression network models, we provided a system perspective of how CqMV1 affects mitochondrial functionality. We found that CqMV1 is associated with changes in mitochondrial protein expression in a mild but well-defined way. In quinoa-infected plants, we observed up-regulation of functional modules involved in amino acid catabolism, mitochondrial respiratory chain, proteolysis, folding/stress response and redox homeostasis. In this context, some proteins, including BCE2 (lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex), DELTA-OAT (ornithine aminotransferase) and GR-RBP2 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 2) were interesting because all up-regulated and network hubs in infected plants; together with other hubs, including CAT (catalase) and APX3 (L-ascorbate peroxidase 3), they play a role in stress response and redox homeostasis. These proteins could be related to the higher tolerance degree to drought we observed in CqMV1-infected plants. Although a specific causative link could not be established by our experimental approach at this stage, the results suggest a new mechanistic hypothesis that demands further in-depth functional studies.

Big data analyses and individual health profiling in the arena of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).

Health care processes are under constant development and will need to embrace advances in technology and health science aiming to provide optimal care. Considering the perspective of increasing treatment options for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, but in many cases not reaching all treatment targets that matter to patients, care systems bare potential to improve on a holistic level. This review provides an overview of systems and technologies under evaluation over the past years that show potential to impact diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in about 10 years from now. We summarize initiatives and studies from the field of electronic health records, biobanking, remote monitoring, and artificial intelligence. The combination and implementation of these opportunities in daily clinical care will be key for a new era in care of our patients. This aims to inform rheumatologists and healthcare providers concerned with chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions about current important and promising developments in science that might substantially impact the management processes of rheumatic diseases in the 2030s.