Hitachi City Research Articles

Evaluation of the Coastal Environment for the Citizen's Recreational Activities in Hitachi City

Evaluation of the Coastal Environment for the Citizen's Recreational Activities in Hitachi City

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Dusts and Soils in Hitachi City, Japan

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Dusts and Soils in Hitachi City, Japan

日立市の汚泥処理状況

日立市の汚泥処理状況

THE CHANGE OF THE MINING LABORERS IN THE HITACHIT MINING-MANUFACTURING REGION AFTER THE DECLINE OF THE COPPER-MINING INDUSTRY

Today's advanced Japanese economy has been formed basically by the exploitation of minerals and the development of the heavy-chemical industries which use minerals as rowmaterials and energy, since the Meiji period. However, on the regional level, there are few cases where both mining and manufacturing developed in the same region. Generally, while the mining industry was located in secluded places in the mountains, the heavy-chemical industries were established in coastal areas. In contrast with the remarkable development of the heavy-chemical industries through the free trade since 1963, the mining industry faced the worst crisis in its history. In 1955, the number of mining laborers in Japan totaled about 413, 000, but it drastically decreased to 58, 000 (14 percent of the former figure) in 1980. In the mining cities all over the country, the collapse of a regional society has become a serious problem after the decline of the mining industry. A chief countermeasure through which a collapsed regional society will find a way out is industrialization. This study is an attempt to consider the change of the mining laborers by using the case of the declining mining industry in the Hitachi mining-manufacturing region. I further would like to clarify some factors which prescribe the re-employment of the laborers. Hitachi City is located 130 km north of Tokyo. Since Hitachi Mine was initiated as a modern industry in 1905, two enterprises, Nippon Mining Company and Hitachi Company Ltd., developed. The population of Hitachi City is now about 205, 000. As Hitachi Mine declined since 1962, the mining workers decreased from 4 017 down to 500. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The mining laborers can be divided into the administrative-technical group and the operative group. Although the administrative-technical group was to be the core force to resuscitate Nippon Mining Company and the regional society, they were transferred to subsidiary companies before the retreat of the company. The operative group comprised by mining and industrial workers stayed behind. 2. Within the operative group, the young workers quickly changed their occupations or transferred to subsidiary companies. The middle-aged workers stayed at the company till the mine close down or transferred to subsidiary companies. And the older workers retired before reaching the age limit. In other words, whereas the young work force was fluid, the older one was rigid. 3. The change of the mining laborers was typified by the employment of the manufacturing industry, especially of Hitachi Company Ltd. and its affiliated companies. Children of the mining laborers took employment at Hitachi Company Ltd. and its affiliated companies after the completion of schooling. The young mining workers became employed mainly by the affiliated companies and the middle-aged or older workers obtained employment at the subcontract, small-scale factories. In sum, the younger the mining laborers were, the easier the change into the manufacturing labor force of Hitachi Company Ltd. was. As the ages of laborers became older, they switched more easily to the subcontract, small-scale factories. 4. The types of the manufacturing industry into which the middle-aged or older workers moved are mainly the electrical machinery industry of the subcontract factories of Hitachi Company Ltd. and the material working industry similar to the mining industry. One factor which prescribes these occupational changes is that the manual labor with simple machines in these industries resembles the mining operations so familiar to them. 5. Besides the manufacturing industry, the mining workers took employment in various industries. However, what these industries have in common is the fact that their operation types resemble those of the mining industry.

Tertiary butyl proton signals in PMR spectrum of acetylated p‐tert‐butylphenol formaldehyde resin

Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer LettersVolume 10, Issue 1 p. 51-56 Article Tertiary butyl proton signals in PMR spectrum of acetylated p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin T. Tanno, T. Tanno Research Department, Yamazaki Works, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorY. Mukouyama, Y. Mukouyama Research Department, Yamazaki Works, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorT. Saito, T. Saito Research Department, Yamazaki Works, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki, JapanSearch for more papers by this author T. Tanno, T. Tanno Research Department, Yamazaki Works, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorY. Mukouyama, Y. Mukouyama Research Department, Yamazaki Works, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorT. Saito, T. Saito Research Department, Yamazaki Works, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1972 https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.110100109Citations: 15AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume10, Issue1January 1972Pages 51-56 RelatedInformation

日立市における高校の野外調査の実践報告

日立市における高校の野外調査の実践報告

Patterns of Urbanization in the Suburbs of Hitachi City

The basic data for this study are the statistics of the diversion of the registered landuse. The land diverted from arable to urban use will hereafter be referred to as diverted land. The area of diverted land is shown in maps by each “Koaza” - the smallest settlement unit. The whole area under survey is divided into 21 units according to the former village boundaries before the amalgamation. Then the trends are analysed concerning the area of diverted land per unit region, and to the objects to which the land was diverted. Where the coastal terrace of this district is the widest, there are several factories of Hitachi Co., and two built-up areas called “Hitachi” and “Taga” . A little apart from Hitachi and Taga, there are large areas of diverted land. And outwards from this concentration, the diverted land decreases gradually. Around the railroad stations in this region, there are other isolated groups of diverted land.In some case, the groups of diverted land are used for residence, commerce and manufacturing industry within the some groups. Such multiple utilization means that an urbanized region is grouping there into a new center of urban life.In another group of the diverted land, the land is chiefly used either for residence or for factories. In this case, the landuse is mainly for one side of the city functions.The northern suburbs of “Hitachi” are still quite rural, but a rapid growth of urban area is anticipated here, because there is a big factory near Ogitsu station. Between Hitachi and Ogitsu, many housings for rent are under construction under the subsidy of local governments.In the diversion from arable to urban land, the Hitachi built-up area and the Hitachi Co. played the leading parts. Their influences spread in concentric circles, which also was modified by the influence of Taga and other regions, as well as the influence of several enterprises in Tokyo with their branches in Hitachi. The municipal authorities of Hitachi City have also modified these areal patterns.

A study of the Coal Sedimentation in the Jôban Coal Field. (3)

Until 1951, environs of the Kawaziri station of the Jôban line were thought to be the southern margin of the coal field. In the present paper the writers have proved that the southern extension of the coal seams and the coal bearing formations is not only extended in the environs of Ogitsu station but may be spreaded even to Hitachi city, Ibaraki Prefecture. The Shiramizu group in the mapping area is directly overlain by the Tags group with marked clino-unconformnity and its outcrop is observed at Iwamoto. Moreover, the well drilled lately by C. E. A. C near Ogitsu-hama also shows the full development of the Shiramizu group excepting the Shirasaka shale formation under the Taga group.