Hit Count Research Articles

Fracture process of rubberized concrete by fictitious crack model and AE monitoring

According to the results of three-point bending tests of rubberized concrete and plain concrete, the parameters such as total fracture energy (<TEX>$G_F$</TEX>), initial fracture energy (<TEX>$G_f$</TEX>), and tensile strength (<TEX>$f_t$</TEX>) are obtained for concrete material. Using ABAQUS software and a bilinear softening fictitious crack model, the crack propagation process was simulated and compared to the experimental results. It is found that the increase of AE hit count has a similar trend with the increase of energy dissipation in FEM simulation. For two types of concretes, both experimental results and numerical simulation indicate that the rubberized concrete has a better fracture resistance.

A Modified Algorithm for Buffer Cache Management

fundamental challenge in improving file system performance is to design effective block replacement algorithms to minimize buffer cache misses. In this paper an algorithm is proposed for buffer cache management with prefetching. The buffer cache contains two units, the main cache unit and prefetch unit. The sizes of both the units are fixed. The total sizes of both the units are a constant. Blocks are fetched in one block look ahead prefetch principle. The block placement and replacement policies are defined. The replacement strategy depends on the most recently accessed block and the defined miss count percentage or hit count percentage of the blocks. FIFO algorithm is used for the prefetch unit.

Study on Acoustic Emission Source Character of Various Welding Defect Types

The detection of welding defects type of the specimen made of WELDOX960 steel based on acoustic emission (AE) technology has been investigated. Firstly, three-point bending test on the three kinds of specimens, that is, the specimen with severe slag inclusion, the one with blowhole welding defect and the one with good welded joint was conducted respectively. Then the analysis of AE source characteristics and statistical parameters distribution characteristic were introduced. As the result, for the specimen with severe slag inclusion and the specimen with good welded joint, we find AE characters such as amplitude and energy rate has similar change trend except for the intensity, hit counts and duration time, and the extent of the former one is larger than that of the latter one. However, for the specimen with blowhole defect, along with the whole loading process, the evident AE signal character of crack generation and propagation happen all the time. Also we found the parameter distribution of amplitude, count and duration time of the three kinds of specimens were distinctly different and have its own characters, which indicated that the three kinds of AE source can be distinguished using the AE technology.

Effects of Wave Propagation Paths and System Calibration on Uniform Corrosion Monitoring Using Acoustic Emission

Abstract Acoustic emission (AE) can be used to monitor damage such as fracture and corrosion in situ. For AE from individual signal bursts produced by the corrosion process, the intensity of the AE energy and HIT (hit count) may be used potentially to grade the severity of the corrosion level. However, different conditions, such as the size of the tank, the type of AE sensor, or the liquid medium, may cause different levels of AE signals even when obtained from the identical corrosion source. This problem makes the quantitative understanding of corrosion damage using AE difficult. In this paper, the effects of the AE wave propagation paths, including the liquid medium, the AE sensor, the connection cable, and the amplified signals, on the AE signal received from a uniform corrosion process on carbon steel, are investigated and modeled with theoretical and empirical equations. In addition, to verify our proposed model for various types of AE sensors, the air jet implemented is demonstrated to convert AE en...

웹게시판에서 가상온도를 이용한 게시글의 인기 예측

A Blog provides commentary, news, or content on a particular subject. The important part of many blogs is interactive format. Sometimes, there is a heated debate on a topic and any article becomes a political or sociological issue. In this paper, we proposed a method to predict the popularity of an article in advance. First, we used hit count as a factor to predict the popularity of an article. We defined the saturation point and derived a model to predict the hit count of the saturation point by a correlation coefficient of the early hit count and hit count of the saturation point. Finally, we predicted the virtual temperature of an article using 4 types(explosive, hot, warm, cold). We can predict the virtual temperature of Internet discussion articles using the hit count of the saturation point with more than 70% accuracy, exploiting only the first 30 minutes` hit count. In the hot, warm, and cold categories, we can predict more than 86% accuracy from 30 minutes` hit count and more than 90% accuracy from 70 minutes` hit count.

Aggregate bandwagon effect on online videos' viewership: Value uncertainty, popularity cues, and heuristics

This study examines the aggregate bandwagon effect of popularity cues on the viewership of online user-generated videos. Cognitive and behavioral theories of information processing suggest that Web users, overwhelmed by information and quality uncertainty, will gravitate toward the popular choices made by earlier decision makers, which appear via indicators such as hit counts to forge quality impressions. Building on the theories, we hypothesize that how much viewer exposure videos will attract at any future time depends on their viewership accumulated individually; furthermore, this viewership cascade is moderated by pictorial and verbal preview because such information reduces quality uncertainty for content shoppers. Our longitudinal model tests these hypotheses using an extensive real-life dataset on video clips retrieved from a video-sharing site. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Have You Been Scrumped?

Botnets proliferate the Internet. The process of hijacking or stealing computing resources from a system infected with a botnet is referred to as “scrumping.” In the computer world, it’s an acronym of sorts: stealing computer resources for unauthorized malicious purposes. A bot (short for robot) is a piece of software (or malware) that resides on your computer awaiting commands from its controller. It’s been estimated that bots are installed in one of every four computers that are connected to the Internet. Bots can be commanded to do a variety of tasks and report back to the controller called the command and control (C&C) server. They can be commanded to be a spider, or crawler, that searches through every document it can find on a compromised computer and/or other computers within an organization to locate e-mail addresses, login IDs, weak passwords, Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, bank account records, application serial numbers, and anything it can use to create a database that the C&C server can sell to other unscrupulous cybercriminals. Hospitals, medical centers, and clinics are especially good places to infiltrate as they’re rich with this kind of information in addition to patient data. Larger organizations and hospitals also typically have bigger Internet bandwidths and highspeed connections that can be exploited by the botnet. These are considered plum hacks by the hacker or botnet herder community. The spiders can be instructed to look for just e-mail addresses by following every link in every document they come across. After hours of searching, bots sort the list, remove duplicates, and return the list to their C&C server. Bots can also be used as a specialized e-mail address collection tool. It allows their master or botnet herder to create a targeted list, such as doctors. With a selective search list, a business no longer needs to send millions of ads to get a handful of responses. Many bots (called a botnet or “zombie army”) can be given a list of e-mail addresses to send a specific spam. The spam might use your email address or one chosen from your list of contacts. All of this is going on without the knowledge or consent of the computer’s owner or user. Bots can also send a request for information to a specific website 400 to 500 times a second. A website can be blocked for legitimate use when thousands of bots in a zombie army ping a single site. This is called a “distributed denial of service (DDoS)” attack. In a similar technique called “click fraud,” the botnet can fake a high hit count for a particular website. Most website owners are paid for advertising based on their website’s hit count. Botnets can thereby dishonestly drive up advertising rates with click fraud. Either use of a proliferation of website hits is generated by the unscrupulous Internet user to sell or rent their services to other cybercriminals. About the Author

Adaptively parametrized surface wave tomography: methodology and a new model of the European upper mantle

SUMMARY In this study, we aim to close the gap between regional and global traveltime tomography in the contextofsurfacewavetomographyoftheuppermantleimplementingtheprincipleofadaptive parametrization. Observations of seismic surface waves are a very powerful tool to constrain the3-DstructureoftheEarth’suppermantle,includingitsanisotropy,becausetheysamplethis volumeefficientlyduetotheirsensitivityoverawidedepthrangealongtheraypath.Onaglobal scale, surface wave tomography models are often parametrized uniformly, without accounting for inhomogeneities in data coverage and, as a result, in resolution, that are caused by effective under- or overparametrization in many areas. If the local resolving power of seismic data is not taken into account when parametrizing the model, features will be smeared and distorted in tomographic maps, with subsequent misinterpretation. Parametrization density has to change locally,formodelstoberobustlyconstrainedwithoutlosinganyaccurateinformationavailable in the best sampled regions. We have implemented a new algorithm for upper mantle surface wave tomography, based on adaptive-voxel parametrization, with voxel size defined by both the ‘hit count’ (number of observations sampling the voxel) and ‘azimuthal coverage’ (how welldifferentazimuthswithrespecttothevoxelarecoveredbythesource-stationdistribution). High image resolution is achieved in regions with dense data coverage, while lower image resolution is kept in regions where data coverage is poorer. This way, parametrization is everywhere tuned to optimal resolution, minimizing both the computational costs, and the non-uniqueness of the solution. The spacing of our global grid is locally as small as ∼50 km. We apply our method to identify a new global model of vertically and horizontally polarized shear velocity, with resolution particularly enhanced in the European lithosphere and upper mantle. We find our new model to resolve lithospheric thickness and radial anisotropy better than earlier results based on the same data. Robust features of our model include, for example, the Trans-European Suture Zone, the Panonnian Basin, thinned lithosphere in the Aegean and Western Mediterranean, possible small-scale mantle upwellings under Iberia and Massif Central, subduction under the Aegean arc and a very deep cratonic root underneath southern Finland.

A prediction model for web search hit counts using word frequencies

A search engine user with a well-defined information need is not interested in getting thousands of hits, but a few hits that are all highly relevant to their search. Often search words need to be refined and augmented to narrow results to more relevant pages. However, an overly specific query may lead to no hits at all, while most typical queries lead to thousands or even millions of them, both undesirable outcomes. This paper suggests a query rewriting method for generating alternative query strings and proposes a hit count prediction model for predicting the number of search engine hits for each alternative query string, based on the English language frequencies of the words in the search terms. Using the hit count prediction model, different types of search strategies, such as a lowest hit count query preference, can be utilized to improve users’ search experience. We present an evaluation experiment of the hit count prediction model for three major search engines. We also discuss and quantify how far the Google, Yahoo! and Bing search engines diverge from monotonic behaviour, considering negative and positive search terms separately.

A comparison of methods for collecting web citation data for academic organizations

AbstractThe primary webometric method for estimating the online impact of an organization is to count links to its website. Link counts have been available from commercial search engines for over a decade but this was set to end by early 2012 and so a replacement is needed. This article compares link counts to two alternative methods: URL citations and organization title mentions. New variations of these methods are also introduced. The three methods are compared against each other using Yahoo!. Two of the three methods (URL citations and organization title mentions) are also compared against each other using Bing. Evidence from a case study of 131 UK universities and 49 US Library and Information Science (LIS) departments suggests that Bing's Hit Count Estimates (HCEs) for popular title searches are not useful for webometric research but that Yahoo!'s HCEs for all three types of search and Bing's URL citation HCEs seem to be consistent. For exact URL counts the results of all three methods in Yahoo! and both methods in Bing are also consistent. Four types of accuracy factors are also introduced and defined: search engine coverage, search engine retrieval variation, search engine retrieval anomalies, and query polysemy.

Systems Thinking Evidence From Colleges Of Business And Their Universities

This study investigated instances of the term systems thinking among the websites of the Top 25 business schools as ranked by U. S. News and World Report in 2010. Since a greater number of instances of the term and its variants in a universitys web documents may indicate an increased interest of the institution in the concept of systems thinking, the universities in this study were rated according to their decreasing instances, counts, or website hits. Results indicated that while many schools had little to no mention of the term in any form, some schools used it prolifically on their websites, even when searching and hit counting was adjusted to remove duplicates and isolate inaccurate results. Nevertheless, appearance and discussion of the term was limited in official university information displayed by most schools. The authors assert that an increasing importance should be placed on teaching systems thinking at the graduate level and on providing evidence of this work to prospective business students and their prospective employers through university and business school websites.

The JISC Academic Database Assessment Tool – virtues and vices

PurposeThe Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) is an advisory body to the higher and further education funding councils for England, Scotland and Wales, and the Department of Education of Northern Ireland in matters related to the use of information and communications technology in education and research. In the world of committees, it has been offering remarkably practical digital information products and services for colleges and universities (www.jisc.ac.uk/aboutus/whoweare/valueimpact.aspx) for a variety of very large‐scale projects. One of the services helps librarians in comparing and selecting digital information resources for licensing. The JISC Academic Database Assessment Tool (JISC ADAT) – created for JISC by DataSalon – is offered free of charge under a Creative Commons license agreement so it is available to any type of library (and any user) anywhere in the world, not just for JISC members in the UK. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the major features, advantages and shortcomings of the promising initiatives of JISC ADAT, and recommends some essential content enhancements to increase its utility for the perennial and daunting task in academic, public, special and school libraries of selecting databases based on their source coverage and essential features of their software platform. Here only the journal coverage aspects are discussed.FindingsJISC ADAT is a promising idea, and indeed JISC is the organisation in the UK that can handle it. However, it still would not suffice, as users would need to learn about the depth of coverage of each journal by the databases, not just about the time span of coverage, and in particular the gaps which may have very different implications. It should show the number of records taken from the journals in the specific database. For nearly 100,000 journals, it seems to be impossible to do, but it could be limited to the active journals, and the process could be automated by a series of macros launching federated searching using the existing journal names and/or ISSNs, and visualising the hit counts in tiny sparkline graphs in a very compact way to make the differences in the real coverage of journals by various databases really stand out.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the JISC ADAT, outlining its virtues and vices.

Poster Session I, July 14th 2010 — Abstracts Modified Chapman Ball Control Test in Field Hockey using a Stick-mounted Accelerometer

Stick speed and ball control are two essential skills in elite field hockey and often measured as a drill to track player development. The Chapman ball control test requires a player to move the ball back and forth in a relatively small area in front of the player (called the “control box”) at the highest possible speed. Three 15 second trials are required with one timer and one scorer-recorder, but this procedure is cumbersome and labour intensive. This paper presents the use of a stick mounted accelerometer as an alternative.One group of players (n=7) was subjected to the test: adult males with less than one year of hockey experience using a previously developed tri-axial accelerometer platform located on the lower third of a hockey stick (Wixted et al., “Measurement of energy expenditure in elite athletes using MEMS-based triaxial accelerometers”, IEEE Sensors 7(4) pp 481–488). The subjects were asked to move the ball within the control box as fast as possible over a one minute period.The ball strike is clearly evident as a significant event on the axis perpendicular to the face of the hockey stick. The median value of the inter-strike interval tm was found to be the most suitable indicator and was used to determine the Chapman score (=15/tm); the number of ball strikes for 15 seconds. It was found this method simplified the original Chapman test protocol by eliminating the need for three separate trials. For one of the tested subjects, their median value was 0.43 s (Chapman score 35) which is far greater than measurements from an elite player with an inter-hit median time of 0.33 s (Chapman score 45).It is been demonstrated that a stick mounted accelerometer can be used to derive a modified Chapman score. The technique is convenient, reliable and the median value is thought to be a more reliable measure of ball control and stick speed when compared with three 15 second hit counts. Future work will seek to verify the modified Chapman score by gaining additional data from elite and sub-elite players.

Transcriptomic changes arising during light-induced sporulation in Physarum polycephalum

BackgroundPhysarum polycephalum is a free-living amoebozoan protist displaying a complex life cycle, including alternation between single- and multinucleate stages through sporulation, a simple form of cell differentiation. Sporulation in Physarum can be experimentally induced by several external factors, and Physarum displays many biochemical features typical for metazoan cells, including metazoan-type signaling pathways, which makes this organism a model to study cell cycle, cell differentiation and cellular reprogramming.ResultsIn order to identify the genes associated to the light-induced sporulation in Physarum, especially those related to signal transduction, we isolated RNA before and after photoinduction from sporulation- competent cells, and used these RNAs to synthesize cDNAs, which were then analyzed using the 454 sequencing technology. We obtained 16,669 cDNAs that were annotated at every computational level. 13,169 transcripts included hit count data, from which 2,772 displayed significant differential expression (upregulated: 1,623; downregulated: 1,149). Transcripts with valid annotations and significant differential expression were later integrated into putative networks using interaction information from orthologs.ConclusionsGene ontology analysis suggested that most significantly downregulated genes are linked to DNA repair, cell division, inhibition of cell migration, and calcium release, while highly upregulated genes were involved in cell death, cell polarization, maintenance of integrity, and differentiation. In addition, cell death- associated transcripts were overrepresented between the upregulated transcripts. These changes are associated to a network of actin-binding proteins encoded by genes that are differentially regulated before and after light induction.

Case selection biases in management research: the implications for international business studies

This paper reports on a bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed articles in business and management studies, initially conducted in 2004 and repeated in 2009. It reveals that a small number of firms (11 in 2004) account for over 50% of the total 'hit count' for all firms in our list of the largest 200 multinationals. The major implication of this finding is that we gain most of our academic insights and our 'best-practice' lessons on management from a small, unrepresentative group of 'exemplar' companies. Seven case selection biases are identified, showing a disproportionate focus on a sub-set of firms that are: global and bi-regional; US-based; large; manufacturers; in dominant positions in important industries; long-term survivors; owners of strong brands. In this paper, we examine the first of these biases most closely. We conclude that business and management studies tend to overestimate the benefits and underestimate the difficulties of internationalisation.

An English and/or Japanese writing support tool based on a web search engine

This paper proposes a writing support tool for learners of English and/or Japanese as a second language based on a web search engine. The proposed tool can support language learners writing a sentence in English and/or Japanese. The proposed tool consists of a composition and a learning support module. The composition support module searches example sentences and word usage on the web, and verifies given sentences and expressions by the hit count and the statistical analysis on snippets provided by the search engine. It produces a table and a graph based on the hit count of those queries, and it provides example sentences based on learner's vocabulary level. We consider that search logs include important information for learning support. The learning support module analyses each/all learner's search log and provides effective learning supports. By using the proposed tool, learners can search example sentences which they need, verify entered sentences and expressions, and learn languages effectively.

Investigation of the accuracy of search engine hit counts

This study investigates the accuracy of search engine hit counts for search queries. We investigate the accuracy of hit counts for Google, Yahoo and Microsoft Live Search, and the accuracy of single and multiple term queries. In addition, we investigate the consistency of hit count estimates for 15 days. The results show that all three provide estimates for the number of matching documents and the estimation patterns of their counting algorithms differ greatly. The accuracy of hit counts for multiple word queries has not been studied before. The results of our study show that the number of words in queries affects the accuracy of estimations significantly. The percentages of accurate hit count estimations are reduced almost by half when going from single word to two word query tests in all three search engines. With the increase in the number of query words, the error in estimation increases and the number of accurate estimations decreases.

Latent Semantic Analysis Applied to Tech Mining

Abstract – This paper presents an approach to bibliometric analysis in the context of technology mining. Bibliometric analysis refers to the use of publication database statistics, e.g., hit counts relevant to a topic of interest. Technology mining facilitates the identification of a technology’s research landscape. Our contribution to bibliometrics in this context is the use of a technique known as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to reveal the concepts that underlie the terms relevant to a field. Using this technique, we can analyze coherent concepts, rather than individual terms. This can lead to more useful results from our bibliometric analysis. We present results that demonstrate the ability of Latent Semantic Analysis to uncover the concepts underlying sets of key terms, used in a case study on the technologies of renewable energy. 1 Introduction 1.1 Technology mining The planning and management of research and development activities is a challenging task that is further compounded by the large amounts of information available to researchers and decision-makers. One difficult problem is the need to gain a broad understanding of the current state of research, future scenarios and the identification of technologies with potential for growth and which hence need to be emphasized. Information regarding past and current research is available from a wide variety of channels (examples of which include publication and patent databases); the task of extracting useable information from these sources, known as “tech-mining” [Porter, 2005], presents both a difficult challenge and a rich source of possibilities; on the one hand, sifting through these databases is time consuming and subjective, while on the other, they provide a rich source of data with which a well-informed and comprehensive research strategy may be formed. There is already a significant body of research addressing this problem (for a good review, the reader is referred to [Porter, 2005, Porter, 2007, Losiewicz et al., 2000, Martino, 1993]); interesting examples include visualizing the inter-relationships between research topics [Porter, 2005, Small, 2006], identification of important researchers or research groups [Kostoff, 2001, Losiewicz et al., 2000], the study of research performance by country [de Miranda et al., 2006, Kim and Mee-Jean, 2007], the study of collaboration patterns [Anuradha et al., 2007, Chiu and Ho, 2007, Braun et al., 2000] and the prediction of future trends and developments [Smallheiser, 2001, Daim et al., 2005, Daim et al., 2006, Small, 2006]. Nevertheless, given the many difficulties inherent to these undertakings, there is still much scope for further development in many of these areas.

Incipient damage detection and its propagation monitoring of rolling contact fatigue by acoustic emission

The acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to rolling contact fatigue tests using a test-rig running under constant load and speed for detecting the incipient damage and damage location. This incipiently-damaged roller was investigated in detail and monitored by further running to determine the damage severity and to understand the surface damage propagation process by applying the AE techniques. The conventional AE parameters and AE signal features were studied, and their relation with the AE source locator hit count rate were correlated. The results demonstrated the successful use of the AE measurement unit, which is principally, consists of the AE data analyzer and the AE source locator as a new system for detecting incipient damage produced by fatigue. Moreover, the system is able to forecast the position of the damage in the roller, capable of providing an indication of the severity of damage i.e. damage size, and thus it could allow the user to monitor the rate of further degradation of the rolling elements.

A Study on Incipient Damage Monitoring in Rolling Contact Fatigue Process Using Acoustic Emission

Acoustic emissions (AE) technique was applied to rolling contact fatigue tests of two radially loaded rollers running under constant load and velocity to detect the incipient damage and damage location. Signals detected from contacts were processed using signal conditioning and enhancement techniques by an AE source locator to bring out the difference between the signals from the sound and damaged rollers. It was found that AE hit count pulse observations by the AE source locator can provide an indication of the damage at its initial stage. The conventional AE parameters and the AE signal features were studied and correlated with the AE source locator counts. The results demonstrated the successful use of the combination of the AE monitoring and the AE source locator as a new technique for detecting the incipient damage and forecasting the position of the damage in the roller, and this technique could allow the user to monitor the rate of deterioration of the rolling elements.