Record Of History Research Articles

Maternal vascular indices at 36 weeks’ gestation in the prediction of preeclampsia

Epidemiological studies have shown that women with preeclampsia (PE) are at increased long term cardiovascular risk. This risk might be associated with accelerated vascular ageing process but data on vascular abnormalities in women with PE are scarce. This study aimed to identify the most discriminatory maternal vascular index in the prediction of PE at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation and to examine the performance of screening for PE by combinations of maternal risk factors and biophysical and biochemical markers at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation. This was a prospective observational nonintervention study in women attending a routine hospital visit at 35 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks' gestation. The visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, vascular indices, and hemodynamic parameters obtained by a noninvasive operator-independent device (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, cardiac output, stroke volume, central systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total peripheral resistance, and fetal heart rate), mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, and serum concentration of placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. The performance of screening for delivery with PE at any time and at <3 weeks from assessment using a combination of maternal risk factors and various combinations of biomarkers was determined. The study population consisted of 6746 women with singleton pregnancies, including 176 women (2.6%) who subsequently developed PE. There were 3 main findings. First, in women who developed PE, compared with those who did not, there were higher central systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse wave velocity, peripheral vascular resistance, and augmentation index. Second, the most discriminatory indices were systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse wave velocity, with poor prediction from the other indices. However, the performance of screening by a combination of maternal risk factors plus mean arterial pressure was at least as high as that of a combination of maternal risk factors plus central systolic and diastolic blood pressures; consequently, in screening for PE, pulse wave velocity, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, placental growth factor, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 were used. Third, in screening for both PE within 3 weeks and PE at any time from assessment, the detection rate at a false-positive rate of 10% of a biophysical test consisting of maternal risk factors plus mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, and pulse wave velocity (PE within 3 weeks: 85.2%; 95% confidence interval, 75.6%-92.1%; PE at any time: 69.9%; 95% confidence interval, 62.5%-76.6%) was not significantly different from a biochemical test using the competing risks model to combine maternal risk factors with placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (PE within 3 weeks: 80.2%; 95% confidence interval, 69.9%-88.3%; PE at any time: 64.2%; 95% confidence interval, 56.6%-71.3%), and they wereboth superior to screening by low placental growth factor concentration (PE within 3 weeks: 53.1%; 95% confidence interval, 41.7%-64.3%; PE at any time: 44.3; 95% confidence interval, 36.8%-52.0%) or high soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-to-placental growth factor concentration ratio (PE within 3 weeks: 65.4%; 95% confidence interval, 54.0%-75.7%; PE at any time: 53.4%; 95% confidence interval, 45.8%-60.9%). First, increased maternal arterial stiffness preceded the clinical onset of PE. Second, maternal pulse wave velocity at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation in combination with mean arterial pressure and uterine artery pulsatility index provided effective prediction of subsequent development of preeclampsia.

Well‐log integration and seismic‐to‐well tie off George V Land (Antarctica)

AbstractCenozoic sediments from the continental rise off the George V Land consist of silty/clayey facies variably rich in diatom ooze; these sediments hold a record of the glacial history of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin and are important for estimating the contribution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to global sea level changes during past transition to warmer climates. This is fundamental to predict future scenarios related to the global warming. The petrophysical properties of Antarctic marine sediments are influenced by the ice sheet dynamics and may affect the amplitude of seismic reflections. Through a seismic‐to‐well tie procedure, we investigate the origin of high amplitude reflections from Miocene‐early Pliocene deposits identified in two seismic lines crossing at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 318 drill site U1359. Downhole and core log measurements are preconditioned and merged to obtain complete velocity and density records from the sea floor to the bottom of the deepest of the four wells drilled at this site. We generate a synthetic trace by convolving the reflectivity series with the seismic wavelet obtained from the sea‐floor reflection and match the synthetic trace to the seismic data with a time variant cross‐correlation procedure. This procedure established a robust time‐depth relationship, not achievable from the available small‐offset seismic data. To our knowledge, this is the first seismic‐to‐well tying in the George V Land area. Based on results from synthetic data, the anomalous high amplitude seismic package can be linked to changes in density of sediments. Such changes are interpreted as representative for the alternation of diatom‐rich (warm climate) and silty‐clay layers with ice‐rafted debris (cold climate) inside the deposits. We suggest that the analysis of the characteristics and the distribution of similar seismic anomaly around Antarctica can give insight into the modality of past Antarctic ice sheet dynamics.

One of the Connotations of Identity (National Consciousness) Among Arabs Before Islam - A Historical and Civilized Study

Identity is an important aspect for all nations and peoples because it represents the features and characteristics that bind members of society to each other and their relations with other nations. Therefore, it serves as a symbol of the depth of historical and cultural heritage of each nation. From this standpoint, this study was about one of the indications of identity and the sense of patriotism among the Arabs before Islam. As the scene for the recording of Arab history shows, the relations of the Arabs among themselves are summarized in the days of the Arabs, which are the wars that took place between the Arab tribes because of differences between them or at the instigation of neighboring nations. Therefore, the study will focus on one of the topics that clarify that the Arabs before Islam had an identity by analyzing historical incidents and highlighting the civilizational values and common features that formed the Arabs. Belonging above tribal affiliation is represented in the "sense of patriotism" against the dangers that threaten the Arabs from others, forgetting their internal differences, as they did not accept to be subordinate to other nations. The study aims to explain some historical incidents with a new view, in which Arab history before Islam emerges differently from the previous codification, which did not focus on the cultural aspects and moral values enjoyed by the Arabs and urged by Islam after the mission. The study came out with many results, which show that the Arabs had an affiliation to the tribe, which is like a political entity in the custom of that time, and belonging to alliances, neighborliness, and loyalty when it comes to the fate of the Arab nation is greater than tribal affiliation represented in the sense of patriotism. This includes their acceptance of Mecca as a home for all Arabs, and in preparation for this blessed country, to receive the most important historical event, which is the birth and mission of the Holy Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

Awareness and Professional Responses in Managing Cases of Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) among Dental Students, General Dentists, and Pedodontists of Bengaluru City, India.

The aim is to assess the awareness and professional responsibilities of pedodontists, general dentists, and dental students concerning suspected child abuse and to explore their professional experiences with this issue. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 400 conveniently selected general dentists, pedodontists, and dental students in Bengaluru city. Self-administered, structured, both open- and closed-ended questionnaires were used to elicit information about their experience (if any) with suspected/confirmed cases of Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN). Responses to open-ended items were grouped based on common responses. Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the data. About 15.6% suspected a case of CAN based on physical indicators, and 8% reported a confirmed case of CAN that was based on conflicting history from child to parent. Counseling of both child and parent, followed by a proper recording of history, was the action taken for suspected cases. In addition, counseling of parents followed by reporting to concerned authorities was done for confirmed cases. About 18.4% observed a change in the child's behavior that was predominantly scared and submissive. Counseling of the child/parent/caretaker was the preferred approach, followed by reporting to concerned authorities. Pedodontists preferred to create public awareness, and dental students preferred to report to concerned authorities. The exposure to a suspected or confirmed case of CAN was very less in the present study. Not many participants who encountered a child abuse case opted to report it to higher authorities and rather focused on counseling the parent/family. The role of pedodontists was found to be crucial since most reported cases were from their end; however, dental students showed a greater interest in managing a case of CAN. There is a need to create more awareness regarding the management of CAN cases among dentists and students. CAN is a major problem around the world that can have long-term adverse effects on Children. The first step in intervention is awareness and identification of CAN cases. Sampangi Ramegowda AB, Kumar VD, Bhatnagar S, et al. Awareness and Professional Responses in Managing Cases of Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) among Dental Students, General Dentists, and Pedodontists of Bengaluru City, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):619-625.

Thermal/UV Respond Polydiacetylene /Ni2+ Thermal Paper with Reusability

AbstractPolydiacetylenes (PDAs) are a family of highly conjugated polymers that generate optical response sensitively if exposed to stimuli, the color would change from blue to red. PDAs with reusability and color reversibility are at the central of current research efforts generously. They enhance the electrostatic interaction between cations and the negatively charged carboxylate head groups to increase the rigidity and decrease the energy barrier by introducing Ni2+ into the side chains of PDAs. The amphiphilic 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecules with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic group are dispersed into Ni2+ aqueous solution and self‐assembled in situ into nanoparticles. Transferring the solution onto a paper base to yield a precisely controlled thickness of PDAs thermal paper. The thermal paper undergoes UV‐induced topological chemical polymerization and further cross‐linking to form stably blue. Because of the reduced energy barrier, red thermal paper after thermal stimulation can undergo color reduction under UV light irradiation. Increasing the photopolymerization time from 5 s to 600 s leads to the rising of the color change temperature from approximately 76.4 °C to 105.4 °C. The polydiacetylene/Ni2+ (PDA/Ni2+) thermal paper can be available for green printing, thermal history recording, and temperature visualization.

Framing the Windows of Prostitution: Unfolding Histories in Amsterdam’s Redesign of Its Famous Red-Light District

Abstract Introduction This research is about the power of documents as recorders of history and preservers of institutional memory. Specifically, the study examines Project 1012, a municipal reform project in Amsterdam’s famous Red-Light District. Methods We performed a critical discourse analysis on 10 policy briefs leading up to and following the implementation of Project 1012 between 2007 and 2020. Results Our study reveals that the documents actively evoke certain narratives about sex work, its historical connections to the city, and its social problems to support the reduction of the industry. The documents omit other information about the history and origins of the problems experienced in Amsterdam’s Red-Light District, including policymakers’ own roles in the creation of these issues. Conclusions The research concludes that policy documents have deontic powers and can be considered “folded objects” that consistently present certain narratives as truthful by omitting or downplaying the historical context of social issues. By folding these narratives in themselves, they have the power to shape the futures of the city and its citizens, executing a myriad of changes that have significantly impacted the lives and work conditions of local sex workers. Policy Implications This research highlights the importance of being aware of the power and potential biases inherent in policy documents. Policymakers should strive to create policies that are based on accurate and comprehensive information and consider the voices of marginalized groups, such as sex workers, who are disproportionately affected by the policies.

Diffuse Alopecia: Clinical, Trichoscopic, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Challenges in the Diagnosis

Abstract Background Diffuse alopecia is characterized by a general loss of hair with no patches of full baldness. In dermatology, diffuse hair loss, particularly in women, is a common complaint. Common illnesses such as telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, and widespread alopecia areata can be difficult to distinguish. The clinical signs of these three types of alopecia may be identical. Aim of Work The current study aimed to study the clinical, trichoscopic findings, histopathological in patients with acute diffuse hair shedding: female pattern hair loss (FPHL), acute telogen effluvium (TE) and alopecia areata incognita (AAI). Immunohistochemistry analysis for CD3 was done for differentiation and detection of the prognostic values of these markers. Subjects and methods: The study included 40 patients with acute diffuse hair shedding within the last 6 months with the diagnoses of AAI, TE, FPHL. All patients were subjected to full history recording, general and local examination. Hair evaluation was performed through trichoscopic assessment and punch scalp biopsy that was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical analysis for CD3. Results Trichoscopic assessment of studied patients revealed that hair diameter diversity was significantly presented in FPHL patients. Number of thin hairs in frontal area, number of hair units with one hair, and vellus hairs were significantly presented in FPHL and TE+ FPHL patients compared to TE patients. Short regrowing hair was significantly presented in TE patients and TE +FPHL patients compared to FPHL patients. Peripilar sign and empty hair follicles in frontal area were significantly presented in FPHL patients. Multiple upright regrowing hair in all areas was significantly presented in TE+ FPHL patients. Conclusion FPH and TE represents common types of hair loss disease, each with specific trichoscopic and histochemical findings.

Assessment of Serum Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (YKL-40) in Lichen Planus

Abstract Introduction Lichen planus (LP) is a papulosquamous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) is proinflammatory multifunctional protein with significant role in immunity, inflammation and regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cell. Aim of the Study To investigate whether YKL-40 protein has any role in the pathogenesis of LP and to estimate its level in different LP patients with different degrees of severity in an attempt to reach a novel role of it in the pathogenesis of this disease in an attempt for better understanding and treatment of LP. Patients and Methods 38 patients with LP and 32 controls were included. Full history recording and physical examination were performed. Assessment of LP severity was done by LPAASI score and VAS score. Measurement of YKL-40 was done using ELISA. Results Assessment of serum YKL-40 revealed higher serum YKL-40 level in LP cases compared to controls with excellent discriminative power and sensitivity and specificity of 100%. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between the YKL-40 level and LPAASI and pruritis scores. Conclusion Serum YKL-40 revealed significant high levels in LP patients compared to control subjects.

Block Chain based Contribute Sequence Tracking System for Secure Data Ascription Management

Block chain technique is developed from a distributed, dependable application development platform to an irreversible record of crypto currency transaction history. Block chain technology's emergence has sparked a number of possible changes in how corporate operations are managed across numerous industries. However, to the best of research experience, no prior effort has concentrated on integrating block chain to establish a secure and unchangeable data and evidence attribution maintenance architecture that autonomously checks the origination records. Therefore, the research work proficiently introduces the novel Block Chain based Contribute Sequence Tracking (BCCST) system with amalgamation of Trail based Smart Indenture (TSI) and Release Attribution Model (RAM). The study begins by outlining a practical application of the proposed TSI for the disintermediation of commercial activities utilising a notional, shared information ledger. This ledger not only makes monitoring data exchange easier, but it also encourages supply chain participants to cooperate together on a multilateral network. The novel RAM to create immutable data trails that make it easier to gather, maintain, and verify reliable data provenance.

Intentional replantation for the retreatment of mandibular second molar: a case report.

When the use of root canal retreatment and apical surgery experiences difficulty in treating endodontic diseases, intentional replantation is an optional clinical technique used to retain the tooth. A 28-year-old female complained of chewing discomfort at the mandibular second molar after undergoing root canal treatment 3 month ago. History record and radiographic examination revealed that a C-shaped root canal system was filled with gutta-percha in the mandibular second molar. A radiolucency area existed at the root furcal area with a thin canal wall in the distal and mesial roots. Intentional replantation was used to treat this tooth. The clinical and radiographic results showed that intentional replantation and nano-biomaterial application facilitated infection control, tooth retention, and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Effects of aftershocks on the performance of steel building frames

Damages done by the earthquake excitation have attracted a significant amount of attention on aftershock effects on building structures. Seismic design of buildings is done without paying much attention to the repeated sequence of mainshock-aftershock events. It has been found that a structure may sustain the mainshock but is damaged during the aftershock. In this paper, the performance of steel building frames is evaluated with respect to the aftershocks followed by the mainshock. For this purpose, 4-, 8- and 12-story steel building frames are considered and are subject to synthesized earthquake, response spectrum compatible mainshock-aftershock sequences. For making the sequences, Bath’s law is applied. A nonlinear time history analysis is performed for a variety of synthesized sequences of the mainshock and aftershocks. The variation is implemented by selecting any single mainshock out of an ensemble of 8 mainshocks. In the sequence, a maximum of seven aftershocks followed by a mainshock is used. Time history record used for the analysis is developed by joining the synthesised earthquakes in series keeping a gap of of the 40 s between two events. The performance parameters used in the study are maximum inter-story drift ratio during an event (MIDR), residual inter-story drift ratio after the event (RIDR), maximum residual top story displacement and spread of hinges. The performances of the three building frames are compared in the study. It is seen that the 12-story frame is damaged to collapse level after 3 aftershocks, while the 4- and 8-story building frames survive seven aftershocks.

군포시 대야동의 지역문화자원 문화콘텐츠화 연구

Gunpo City is an area where rapid industrialization and urbanization have progressed since the establishment of Sanbon New City in 1988. In this process, only the area of Daya-dong, near Mount Suri, has remained a rural area and has maintained its traditional village until now. The new urban area was replaced by the indigenous people who had local cultural resources due to the new influx, and in the process, Gunpo City lost its cultural base using local cultural resources. This paper began with a survey project for the &lt;Community Sound Exhibition&gt; conducted in 2018 and focused on the collection and utilization of local cultural resources in Daya-dong, the last rural area of Gunpo City. The existing Gunpo City is an area that has the problem of losing local cultural resources due to sudden urbanization, and it has a great interest in utilizing the local cultural resources of Daya-dong, which was secured by the &lt;Community Sound Exhibition&gt; in 2018. Therefore, follow-up works such as the &lt;Jeongwoldaeboreum event&gt; which utilized the local cultural resources of the &lt;Community Sound Exhibition&gt;, the &lt;My Neighborhood History Record School&gt; to foster local citizens survey teams with educational contents, the &lt;Salt Road of Daegam Village&gt; which educated Udon Gunpo to foster local human resource citizens clubs, and the &lt;Gunpo Old History Contest&gt; organized by the Gunpo Branch of the Korea Photographers Association to collect living and cultural resources in the Gunpo area until the 1930s ~ 2000s. However, in the future, there will be a need for the process of building it into an archive through the steps of reinforcement, processing, and utilizing the collected local cultural resources of Gunpo City. Since cultural projects are resuming in Gunpo City after the declaration of the corona pandemic in 2023, the collected local cultural resources of Daya-dong in Gunpo City will be used as contents in the form of &lt;Daya-dong Village Museum&gt; and &lt;Daya-dong Visible Village&gt;. There is a need to inherit and secure the local identity of the people of Gunpo area.

The performance comparison of the decision tree models on the prediction of seismic gravelly soil liquefaction potential based on dynamic penetration test

Seismic liquefaction has been reported in sandy soils as well as gravelly soils. Despite sandy soils, a comprehensive case history record is still lacking for developing empirical, semi-empirical, and soft computing models to predict this phenomenon in gravelly soils. This work compiles documentation from 234 case histories of gravelly soil liquefaction from across the world to generate a database, which will then be used to develop seismic gravelly soil liquefaction potential models. The performance measures, namely, accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, were used to evaluate the training and testing tree-based models’ performance and highlight the capability of the logistic model tree over reduced error pruning tree, random tree and random forest models. The findings of this research can provide theoretical support for researchers in selecting appropriate tree-based models and improving the predictive performance of seismic gravelly soil liquefaction potential.

Evaluation of Dental Students’ Medical History Records on Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at The National University of Malaysia

Introduction: A thorough medical history ensures safe dental practice. A good medical history guides clinicians in risk stratification to avoid medical emergencies and improve preparedness to prevent patient morbidity and mortality. This clinical audit aims to analyse the medical history taken by the dental students in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) and subsequently, recommend improvements in history-taking components in the dental practice. Methods: Hundred and two patients’ folders from the Faculty of Dentistry were examined by two independent auditors using a validated history-taking evaluation form. Six components of the medical history were classified as good or bad practices. Sociodemographic factors and distribution of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA status) were described. The level of completeness of medical history records with years of study was assessed using the Chi-square test. Results: None of the students met 100% of the components required in medical history taking. Year three undergraduates performed poorly in the completeness of diagnosis and control of the medical condition whereby none of them had a good level of practice. The completeness of records did not differ between years of study except for diagnosis (p=0.026), control (p&lt;0.001) and updating medical history (p=0.009) whereby the postgraduates had the best practice. Conclusion: This study highlighted marked deficiencies in taking a thorough medical history. Adaptation of the European Medical Risk Related History (EMRRH) form is recommended to be implemented in dental schools.

BidChain: A Blockchain-Based Decentralized Application for Transparent and Secure Competitive Tendering in Public Construction Projects

Deficiencies of tendering systems in public projects can leave governments with subsequent issues in projects and waste taxpayers’ money. Electronic tendering (e-tendering) systems have been found beneficial for awarding public projects; however, current practices still have deficiencies. Legal and security issues and the lack of transparency have been identified as the main shortcomings in current tendering practices. This paper argues that the underlying issue with e-tendering systems is due to their centralized nature. Therefore, this research presents a critical assessment of the blockchain technology in developing distributed e-tendering systems and proposes a novel framework for decentralizing e-tendering systems. The proposed framework is created by integrating three technologies: blockchain, public key infrastructure (PKI), and interplanetary file system (IPFS). Using the proposed framework, a decentralized application (DApp) is developed to demonstrate the concept and evaluate the potentials of blockchain in mitigating the security and legal challenges and improving transparency and trust. The result shows that the reliance on centralized authorities for managing the tendering process is reduced in a blockchain-based e-tendering system, and a transparent and tamper-proof record of the tendering history is distributed among parties.

PEMAHAMAN CADAR, HIJAB, DAN BURQA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

Some people think that Islam is a religion that originated from the Arabs. This statement arises because Islam requires all Muslim women to always cover their genitals and wear the headscarf. This is because the clothing that is obligatory for Muslim women contains elements of the culture of the Arabian peninsula. In fact, these clothes have been around since the ancient Persians who were included in the clothing of choice. This is caused by an understanding that is not in accordance with the history of civilization about the hijab from time to time. Through this research explores Islamic sources, such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and related interpretations, to understand the legal basis and traditional understanding of the headscarf, veil, and burqa. By using qualitative methods and a narrative study approach that includes recordings of life history, as well as researching issues that are basically general, then gets a focus on things that are more specific. This scientific writing aims to research about promoting culture, the issue which states that Islam has changed the customs that exist in Indonesia, and the laws of the veil, headscarf and burqa. So that in this research it has been found about the history of the development of the veil, headscarf, and burqa, as well as the law. The use of the headscarf is basically just to cover the nakedness and protect them from social evils.

Toward self-powered integrated smart packaging system − Desiccant-based triboelectric nanogenerators

Smart packaging plays a crucial role in safeguarding products, monitoring their quality, and ensuring supply chain efficiency during distribution and transportation. However, the extensive use of sensors in smart packaging systems requires a sustainable power supply for long-term monitoring. Unfortunately, portable batteries may not meet the needs for next-generation smart packaging as they have a limited lifetime, are heavy, and may cause environmental pollution after use. To address this issue, we propose a self-powered integrated smart packaging system driven by a novel desiccant-based triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG). The D-TENG is designed using a contact-separation mode and includes a paperboard-based honeycomb frame, two PTFE/Cu triboelectric layers, and desiccants stored in the honeycomb holes as the freestanding triboelectric material. We systematically investigate the significant parameters affecting the energy harvesting performance of the D-TENG, including the type of desiccants, frame height, number of honeycomb holes, frequency and amplitude of external excitation, and device orientation with the vibration direction. Furthermore, we demonstrate a self-powered integrated smart packaging system based on the D-TENGs that harvests vibration energy to power sensors integrated into the package. This research provides a practical strategy to continuously monitor the status and quality of packaged products throughout the supply chain for an extended period, reducing food waste and ensuring a complete record of logistics history in vaccine delivery.

Monitoring and Control of 3 Phase Electrical Energy Internet of Things (IoT) Based

Monitoring the use of electrical energy is generally done by looking at the kWh meter on the installed panel. Power consumption can also be done by measuring directly on the network or electrical load using a Watt meter. Monitoring of 3-phase electrical energy needs to be monitored, especially to find out the amount of energy used in each phase, and on the other hand, it needs to be controlled so that energy use can be controlled, both for each phase or 3 phases. This study aims to design an IoT-based 3-phase electrical energy monitoring and control application. Data on the flow of electrical energy flowing to the load can be monitored from the android, and vice versa can be controlled by disconnecting and reconnecting the energy flow. The PZEM004T component is used as an energy flow sensor, buttons on the application function to disconnect and connect energy flows, and LCD12C and smartphones are used as monitoring devices. The Blynk application is equipped with several switch buttons used to control energy use, along with electronic device control. The data read by the tool can be retrieved and stored in Blynk using the superchart widget so that the operator can see previous history record data sent to emails that have been linked to the Blynk application according to the operator's wishes. The results of the research show that the research tool can display voltage, current, power, energy, and frequency data that can be displayed on a smartphone and LCD. The average error of the mains power compared to the reference meter is 0.02%.

DE06 Application of the virtual flipped classroom as low-fidelity simulation in dermatology undergraduate education

Abstract Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the zeitgeist of teaching has evolved with virtual platforms becoming increasingly popular among both learners and institutions. Educators have had to adapt delivery methodologies to this constantly evolving digital landscape. The flipped classroom methodology is a methodology whereby learners receive information prior to the class. This enables learners to process information, increasing time for higher-level learning and problem-solving during session time. A previous scoping review demonstrated that this methodology has rarely been employed in dermatology teaching. We aimed to evaluate integration of a flipped classroom approach within a digital undergraduate setting, specifically assessing the impact on self-directed learning and written skills. Sessions involved the provision of three ready-made dermatology clinical cases, steeped in realism via inclusion of simulated referral letters, recording of patient actor histories and photographs of rashes. Students were instructed to document, request tests and prescribe as if they were a doctor, in their own time, and send requests to the educator. In total, 115 third-year medical students rotated through dermatology and were emailed online evaluation forms. Consent was sought prior to completion of the questionnaire. Sixty-three students responded. Ninety-seven per cent undertook the required prework. Ninety per cent of students felt motivated to undertake the prework, with 87.3% agreeing that the prework was an effective use of their time. Students agreed that their problem-solving skills (90.5%), analytic skills (90.5%), written skills (77.8%), self-directed learning ability (87.3%) and ability to communicate dermatology diagnoses (93.7%) improved. The session was received well by the students, as 94.9% agreed that the session was enjoyable and preferential to lecture-based material (82.5%). Qualitative data included themes of novelty, ability to visualize oneself as a doctor and intrinsic motivation. The flipped classroom methodology is rarely used within dermatology medical student teaching. This methodology was well received by students, and benefits included the development of independent learning and essential written skills. This format of a flipped classroom approach may provide benefits for professional identity formation in the context of digital environments that otherwise seem unrealistic to undergraduates.

Intra-Familial Spread of HBV among HbsAg Positive Parents and their Children in a Defined Rural Community of District Peshawar, Pakistan

Background: HBV horizontal and vertical transmission rate vary among population in different social communities. To know the leading cause of HBV transmission among a community would ease the planning and strategies to minimize the spread. The objectives were to determine the frequency of different mode of intra-familial spread of Hepatitis B among the infected index identified families of rural community of Peshawar. Methods: This was 18 months descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among married couples of a defined rural community of district Peshawar. After taking informed consent from 797 couples of rural community, 3 to 5 ml blood sample was collected from each respondents for HbsAg screening along with the required data collected using predesigned questionnaire using convenient sampling techniques. HbsAg positive cases were considered as HBV index. Index case of both Hbs Ag positive parents were decided based on past history, previous exposure, past diagnosis and treatment record. The spouses and children of index cases were screened for serological determinants like HbsAg, HbeAg and ALT. Data was gathered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: A total of 797 couples (1593 parents) were selected with proportion of household from ten different blocks of village Budhni. The prevalence of HBV infection among parents was found 1.5%. Nineteen HBV index families were detected among 797 parents screened for HbsAg. Spouse transmission rate of HBV were found 26.3% on average Transmission of HBV infection rate from index mother to children was 11.8%. About 10.5% index females were HbeAg positive. Conclusion: HBV transmission was high among the spouses followed by vertical transmission in a rural community of district Peshawar.