History Of Ukrainian Literature Research Articles

МИХАЙЛО ГРУШЕВСЬКИЙ ЯК ІСТОРИК УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ФОЛЬКЛОРУ

The article highlights Mykhailo Hrushevskyi’s scientific views on the problem of historicism of the Ukrainian oral literature and periodization of folk songs. The scientific and critical reception of the historical literary strategies of the author, the essence of the main discussion questions addressed by the reviewers is clarified to the researcher. Based on the analysis of folkloristic volumes "History of Ukrainian Literature" and separate ethnological works of the scientist trace the formation of the methodological foundations of M. Hrushevskyi, a folklorist, established their conceptual affiliation to the positivist stage of Ukrainian cultural historical school, it was found that some of his research ideas corresponded to the provisions of the French school genetic sociology. The folkloristic development’s study of one of the most authoritative historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries showed the scientific productivity of his conceptual considerations regarding the chronology of folklore phenomena and their application in further folklore studies. In the theoretical aspect, the problem of the relation between folklore and literature in the research from the point of M. Hrushevskyi is revealed, which is considered in two interwoven planes: 1) the origin of oral folk literature and its specifics; 2) the issue of common study of folklore and literature. It has been found that, using the inductive method in the interpretation of the folklore tradition, M. Hrushevskyi had critical attitude towards the extremes of comparativism and at the same time he deeply respected the research effectiveness of the historical-comparative method of studying and clarifying similarities and borrowings, as well as determining the national specificity of oral Ukrainian literature. As a scientist with a historical mindset, the researcher penetrates through the layers of centuries and millennia, presents a scientifically based chronology of the stages of the development of Ukrainian folklore, explains the theory of the origin of literature, tries to trace the oral literature before the Slavs’ settlement and after it, catches the echo of creativity of tribal times, researches and reconstructs army poetry.

The Polemical Impetus of a Far-Reaching Act

The aim of this article is to trace the influence of the polemical works of the Jesuit priest Piotr Skarga (1536–1612) on the religious life of Ukraine and on the Ukrainian culture of his era. The writings of Piotr Skarga, Stanislaw Orzechowski, Benedict Herbest, Herasym Smotrytsky, Ivan Vyshensky, and Hypatius Potius are the sources examined in the author’s scholarly study. Works about Skarga and his era by Józef Tretiak, Ludowik Piechnik, Janusz Tazbir, and Stanisław Cieślak, writings about interfaith polemics concern- ing the Union of Brest by Volodymyr Antonovych, Nikolaj Skabalanovich, Stepan Golubev, Vladimir Zavitnevich, Ivan Franko, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Kyrylo Studynskyi, Porfyriy Yaremenko, Ihor Mytsko, Borys Gudziak, Vitalii Shevchenko, Leonid Tymoshenko, and Ruslan Tkachuk, as well as courses in the history of Ukrainian literature are analyzed to comprehensively present Skarga’s impact on Ukrainian culture. A comparative methodol- ogy is applied. Skarga’s writing talent was brought out during his stay in Vilnius – one of the centers of Reformation movements in the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, the residence of Kyiv Orthodox Metropolitans (1416–1795). The multi-confessionalism of Vilnius challenged Skarga. He wrote O jedności Kościoła Bożego (1577) – a book in which he expounds Tridentine ecclesiology, enumerating from his point of view heresies and schisms characteristic of the Orthodox East. He outlines the prospects of returning the Church of Kyiv to unity with the Apostolic See of Rome. In 1596 the Synod of Brest proclaimed union with the Catholic Church. Skarga was present at the synod as an observer and adviser. He pub- lished a documentary description of the synod’s proceedings – the book Synod Brzeski with an appendix – Obrona Synodu Brzeskiego (1597), which defends the canonical validity of the synod, adding a historical retrospec- tive to justify the need to overcome schism. These works became important catalysts in the development of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which proved its viability during the period of persecution and entered the post-communist era as a most creative spiritual force, combining the careful nurturing of local church tradition with the universality of the apostolic mission.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ І ЛІТЕРАТУ

The article substantiates the need for purposeful formation of information literacy of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature, as it plays a significant role in shaping the professional competence of future teachers of that subject. It was found that information literacy includes the ability to effectively search and use sources and information, systematize it, the ability to distinguish plagiarism, distinguish facts from judgments, the ability to hypothesize and evaluate alternatives, and adhere to the principles of academic integrity. The features of formation of information literacy of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature in the context of classroom and extracurricular work on various normative and selective disciplines of general and professional training cycles («Modern children’s and adolescent literature», «History of Ukrainian literature», «Methods of teaching Ukrainian language» , “History of the State and Law of Ukraine”, “Fundamentals of Academic Integrity”) were distinguished. A system of tasks for the formation of information literacy is suggested, in particular: checking the authorship of quotations and proverbial expressions, a quiz about Taras Shevchenko’s monuments in the world, searching for images on the Internet and preparing historical or cultural commentaries, recognizing orders and medals through online services of independent Ukraine, creation of posters, videos, infographics, icons on linguistic and literary topics, analysis of scientific publications and their discussion, creation of presentations and drafting codes of honor for students of the academic group. In the context of the study, such forms and methods were used as brainstorming, the tree of assumptions, the ladder of success, cubing, knowledge maps, trainings, with the help of which the formation of information literacy of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature was achieved. It is noted that the formation of the studied phenomenon was carried out within the framework of non-formal education - in the format of participation of students in the grant program for information media literacy «Information media literacy: learn yourself - teach others» international project «Learn and distinguish: Research and Exchanges” (IREX) with the support of the British and US Embassies in Ukraine in partnership with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Academy of the Ukrainian Press. The results of the participation were presented by students within the “Relay of Champions”, as well as presented by teachers in the manual “Guide to information literacy for students and teachers of modern educational institutions: a workshop”.

Self-development of the poetics of Ukrainian Cossack fantasy: Oleksa Storozhenko’s novel “Marko Prokliatyi” & Leonid Kononovych’s novel “Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk”

Introduction. The article is devoted to the results of the research of self-development of the poetics of the Cossack Ukrainian fantasy on the example of Oleksa Storozhenko's novel "Marko Prokliatyi" and Leonid Kononovych's novel "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk". The purpose of the article is to analyze the natural development of the poetics of Ukrainian Cossack fantasy on the example of Oleksa Storozhen's novel "Marko Prokliatyi" and Leonid Kononovych's "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk". Materials and methods of research. While working on the article, the author used materials devoted to the following main areas: mythopoetic genesis of Cossack fantasy; history of Ukrainian literature; Cossack fantasy in literary-critical discourse; Ukrainian romanticism; historical figures as prototypes of fantasy characters; fantasy as an artistic phenomenon. The article uses a comparative research method. Results of the research. The author of the scientific research pointed out the main reasons for the writers' appeal to the Cossack entourage and folklore sources as a means of building the literary world - romanticism and national identity. Romanticism laid great potential for the formation of Cossack fantasy and at the same time led to its misunderstanding, both by literary critics and writers themselves, regardless of the time of writing. For example: "Marko Prokliatyi" is perceived as a belated romantic work with critics' reluctance to see "another" Ukraine in the work, and "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk" is perceived as a knightly novel with a skeptical and even contemptuous attitude of reviewers to the Cossack fantasy genre. Conclusions. The genre of Cossack fantasy is at the stage of full development and the process of separation from Ukrainian romanticism. Oleksa Storozhenko's novel "Marko Prokliatyi" and Leonid Kononovych's "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk" are vivid examples of the self-movement of poetics of this genre, namely from the parallel functioning of historical authenticity with the unreal to complete sublimation.

Creative Heritage of Borys Oliinyk in the National Dimension

Abstract. The article deals with the creativity of Borys Oliinyk as a representative of Ukrainian culture of the 20th century in terms of national spiritual values. It is proved that Oliinyk’s worldview beliefs are a reflection of the history of the Ukrainian people, its morals, national traditions. It was proved that the main problems in the works of the artist are the problems of life and death, human values and human empathy, happiness and freedom, the artist’s duty before the nation. The poet urged in his works to be responsible for everything in the life of his native people. The poet imprinted his artistic credo in many verses and poems, the main idea of which is sincerity and honesty, the praise of the image of the mother, purity and incorruptibility of the poetic word, deep respect for the elderly and older people, mercy, humanity, hard work, sacrifice for the victory over evil.The works of Borys Oliinyk constitute a significant page in the history of Ukrainian literature. His name is included in all anthologies of world art, electronic resources and encyclopedias. Comprehension of Oliinyk’s creative heritage. Oliinyk as a poet, tribune, statesman has found a wide echo in the studies of philologists, writers, literary critics, critics, etc.It is obvious that the leading motifs of Borys Oliinyk’s works are unity of generations, the statement of universal and national moral values, which spiritually grow a person, as well as philosophical reflections on contemporary problems in the context of the historical experience of our people, and all of humanity. Appeal to the tragic page of the Ukrainian nation during the Second World War makes poems by Boris Oliynyk urgent in the light of current events, in times of invasion of the newest putin’s fascism on our land.

EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENT IN THE CAMP OF UKRAINIAN PRISONERS OF WAR FREISTADT, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 1915-1917

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the educational movement in the camp of captured Ukrainian soldiers Freistadt (Austria-Hungary) in 1915-1917. It was established that despite all the initial difficulties (due to the opposition of the Black Hundreds) due to the systematic work of members of the Education Department, the Education Section Social and educational circle, the Society «Prosvita» M. Drahomanov during 1915-1917 it became possible to organize the teaching of a fairly wide range of courses and literacy schools (for the illiterate). The decisive role in the organization of educational life was initially played by the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine Educational Department, which included Ukrainian public figures, educators, cooperators with university or high school education, who had developed a national worldview. Through their efforts, the Ukrainian camp organization in Freistadt created appropriate structures from among the prisoners (educational section and the Enlightenment Society), which over time took over the main burden of educational work. Its content differed significantly – if at first the emphasis was on general education courses (so as not to provoke criticism of «politics» from prisoners), then within a year educational institutions paid more and more attention to Ukrainian studies (history of Ukraine, Ukrainian language and history of Ukrainian literature). At the same time, a large number of training hours were devoted to the elimination of illiteracy among prisoners. For many prisoners, education became the meaning of their camp life, and at the same time their national awareness took place, when they – sometimes even unnoticed – began to worry about the problems of Ukraine's self-affirmation in political terms and became adherents of its independence. Thus, on the one hand, educational organizations purposefully prepared prisoners for the future of civilian life in the homeland, and on the other - to educate them conscious and loyal citizens of free Ukraine.

ІДЕЯ АБСОЛЮТНОГО САМОСТВЕРДЖЕННЯ ЛЮДИНИ В ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОМУ АВТОРСЬКОМУ МІФІ ІГОРЯ КАЛИНЦЯ

The article considers the idea of absolute self-affirmation of a person as a key idea of the individual author myth of Ihor Kalynets – a landmark artist in the history of Ukrainian literature. The artist's search for ways and means of an individual's struggle with his transience and annihilation is traced. Kalynets’s artistic and philosophical concept is based on the idea of a person’s self-affirmation in eternity through love – a peaking phenomenon in the spiritual sphere of the individual. In this way, the poet uses a method of harmonizing relations with the surrounding world that is peculiar only to man. Love helps to overcome internal contradictions, achieve the integrity of the personality, and, most importantly, make it elusive to death, because there is a spiritual decentration, an expansion of the spiritual sphere of the Self. The ideal of all-consuming love in the individual author’s myth is God, whose image is understood in the direction of Christian theology. The artistic and philosophical concept of I. Kalynets is related to the concepts of Renaissance-era thinkers who considered the categories of “love” and “God” in an inextricable relationship. Marsilio Ficino claims that through love God reveals himself and through love his creations seek ways to approach him. Mykola Kuzanskiy believes that love for the Almighty gives rise to man’s love for the world. Kalуnets’ philosophical position also has a national background, consistent with the cordocentesis teachings of H. Skovoroda. Searching for the optimal method of connecting an individual with the world, the poet discovered the law of the power of love: the deeper and higher the love, the more powerful a person’s self-affirmation. Affirmation in eternity is not a self-sufficient goal, but a consequence arising from the artist’s altruistic philosophy. Kalynets comes to an idea that can be conventionally called altruistic anthropodecentrism. The poet proves the paradoxical dependence of the energy power of the anthropocenter (man) on the degree of its decentration: the more positive energy (love) the center radiates, the greater the power of its manifestation, and therefore the degree of affirmation.

Why Is the History of Ukrainian Literature Silent About the Women Writers of the Second and Third Decades of the 20th Century?

The article deals with the problem of avoiding women’s literature of the 1920s and 1930s in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian literature. This period is called the Executed Renaissance and is the key to the nation-making narrative. It is seen as the time of the modern nation formation and the time of the greatest sacrifice in the name of the nation. Women’s literature of that time is selectively discussed in this context, but the bulk of female literature of that period remains out of the attention of researchers, despite the fact that both the previous stage of development of women’s literature and subsequent ones are present in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian literature. The article hypothesizes that the period of the 1920s and 1930s “fell out” because the women’s literature of that time did not meet the needs of the nation-making narrative that dominates the Ukrainian humanities. The aim of the study is to show this discrepancy by analyzing the representation of gender practices in women’s texts of that period. The theoretical basis of the work was the ideas by Anne McClintock, Yuval-Davis, Joane Nagel, Robert Connell, Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that women’s literature of the time has different topics and problems, which is due to different experiences. Describing the Bolshevik reforms, women attach equal importance to changes in management and forms of ownership, as well as to the new norms of family and maternal law. The women writers remind of the importance of women’s work in enterprises and in agriculture, especially in the absence of men involved in the war. The literature reflects the rapid expansion of the range of characters’ professions, but at the same time shows the complexity of self-realization, especially when it is necessary to combine profession and motherhood. At this time, women speak more openly about cathexis, challenging patriarchal norms. The image of a woman, in particular of a mother, created by the woman writers did not correspond to the symbolic image of the nation’s reproducer, so the return of women’s literature of the 1920s and 1930s did not meet the needs of the nation-making narrative in the post-Soviet conditions.

A HISTORIAN OF LITERATURE AHAPII SHAMRAI: TEXT, WORK, AND ENVIRONMENT

The paper aims to reconstruct the research activity of the Ukrainian literary scholar Ahapii Pylypovych Shamrai (1896—1952) in the period from 1922 to 1929. For this purpose, the works of the scholar, his personal files, materials from the newspapers and journals of the time, as well as correspondence have been examined. It was necessary to describe A. Shamrai’s postgraduate studies at the Research Department of History of Ukraine (literary and ethnographic section) (1922—1924). Much attention is given to the textbook “Ukrainian Literature. A Brief Survey” (1927, 1928) that was among the first structured presentations of the history of Ukrainian literature. The paper analyzes the perception of the textbook by contemporary readers and outlines the specifics of Shamrai’s sociological method of this period. Considering the research work of A. Shamrai in the context of literary criticism of the 1920s, the author of the paper reconstructs the scholar’s dialogue with M. Zerov and the polemic with “New Generation” magazine. One of the central topics for A. Shamrai in the 1920s is examined in detail: it is his study of H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko’s work. In particular, the discussion between A. Shamrai and Ye. Aizenshtok on the publication of H. Kvitka’s works in 1928 has been highlighted. A. Shamrai’s scholarly concepts of the 1920s characterize him as a textual critic (‘text of the work’, ‘canonical text’) and historian of literature (‘literary fact’, ‘work’, ‘environment’, ‘style’, ‘literary school’, ‘template’, ‘minor writers’, ‘influence’). The category ‘reader’ was also very important for Shamrai’s works of this period. A range of examples shows how Shamrai used the methodology of comparative studies.

FORMATION OF A LINGUISTIC-AND-RHETORICAL PERSONALITY IN THE TEXTBOOK “A BRIEF HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN LITERATURE” BY SERHII YEFREMOV

It was investigated in the article, based on thorough reading of the textbook “A Brief History of Ukrainian Literature” by Serhii Yefremov, how the teacher revealed the problem of forming a linguistic-and-rhetorical personality in the process of studying the works of Ukrainian writers.The role of the Word in the formation of a linguistic-and-rhetorical personality was defined. That is such a person who owned the Word, respected and learnt native language, understood his role in preserving cultural memory, and was responsible for the speech act.It was found that considerable attention in the textbook was paid to the development of language, in particular the Word and its path from spoken to written, from “short sentences, as in conversation, to one long and fluent sentence”, from a fairy-tale language to the height of Shevchenkoʼs poetry. According to S. Yefremov, a writer is a master of the Word, a master of the native language, who created a new world of beauty and art by all literary means and methods, using allegories and symbols.The specifics of the textbook were the short and unobtrusive characteristics of each literary direction offered to the readers’ attention with the names of the most prominent representatives of one or other literary school.Among many writers, Serhii Yefremov was focused on I. Kotliarevskyi, P. Hulak-Artemovskyi, H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko and M. Shashkevych – the only representative of Galicia. Much attention to the activities of the Cyril and Methodius Society and the work of T. Shevchenko, P. Kulish, M. Kostomarov, as well as Marko Vovchok, Oleksa Storozhenko was paid.The author of the textbook referred artistic heritage of M. Drahomanov, I. Nechui-Levytskyi, P. Myrnyi, I. Franko, M. Starytskyi, M. Kropyvnytskyi, I. Tobilevych (Karpenko-Karyi), B. Hrinchenko and Lesia Ukrainka to the period called “chasy lykholittia (times of trouble)”.An exceptional role in the formation and popularization of the Ukrainian language belonged to the activities of Borys Hrinchenko, who was not only a talented writer, translator, but also a linguist, compiler of the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian language”.Our performed analysis of the textbook “A Brief History of Ukrainian Literature” by Serhii Yefremov gives the grounds for claiming that the facts and generalizations presented by the author, offered to readers, contribute to the formation of a linguistic-and-rhetorical, nationally conscious personality, Ukrainian patriot, who is able to acquire information adequately and critically, systematize it, formulate logical conclusions, make informed decisions, take responsibility for their own actions and for their speech act.
 Keywords: Serhii Yefremov, Ukrainian literature, Ukrainian language, Word, authorship, public education, linguistic-and-rhetorical personality, speech act.

Болгарсько-українські культурні відносини пері-оду пізнього Середньовіччя у працях українсь-ких учених ХІХ–першої чверті ХХ ст.

Болгарсько-українські культурні відносини пері-оду пізнього Середньовіччя у працях українсь-ких учених ХІХ–першої чверті ХХ ст.

ВНЕСОК ЮРІЯ ШЕВЕЛЬОВА У РОЗВИТОК УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ У СЕРЕДОВИЩІ МИСТЕЦЬКОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РУХУ

The article examines the research of famous Ukrainian scientist Yuri Shevelov developing Ukrainian studies associations in period of emigration after World War II, when Ukrainian novelists were united in Ukrainian Аrt Movement (1945-1948). The attention is focused on those meetings which have been arranged by Shevelov and his confederates for the unification of different segments of Ukrainian creative intelligentsia in difficult conditions that were caused by emigration from the motherland. During those years, the scientist was considering questions among the important problems of Ukrainian studies about originality of Ukrainian literature, emigration purpose, provinciality and the methods of its overcoming. It is proved that the concept of national organic style, as a constant of Ukrainian literary and artistic life, was extremely important in the scientist's views. Yuri Shevelov made its main provisions like one of the leading ideologists of Ukrainian Аrt Movement during the existence of this association. The original idea of national organic style had caused the rejection from some part of Ukrainian emigrants and led to a boisterous discussion where there were considered important questions about Ukrainian originality of national literature and its place in European and world culture. The article highlights the essence of discrepancy of views on national organic style between Yuri Shevelov and his opponents. The most famous of them was Volodymyr Derzhavin. There is an emphasis that Ukrainian Аrt Movement went beyond just literature organization due to Shevelov's efforts. It had opened not only a grand literature, but even publishing and research activities and became an important branch in the history of Ukrainian literature in a relatively short period of time.

АБСОЛЮТИВНІ ДІЄСЛОВА ЯК ПІДҐРУНТЯ ФОРМАЛЬНО-ГРАМАТИЧНОЇ І СЕМАНТИКО-СИНТАКСИЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ НЕПОШИРЕНИХ РЕЧЕНЬ

The main thesis of the article is that the semantics of a sentence is determined by the lexical content of its structure. The main goal of the study is to analyze the predicative center of unextended verb sentences without obligatory predicate components, which is modeled by verbs of absolute semantics. We will try to solve the following problems: 1) to find out the role of absolute verbs in the mechanisms of formation and implementation of unextended verb sentences; 2) to identify the main parameters of the formal-grammatical structure of unextended constructions; 3) to analyze the features of semanticsyntactic organization of unextended sentences. In research we use the methods of linguistic analysis, they are descriptive (in considering the phenomena of one level), comparative (analyzing the components of different levels to identify interlevel relationships), statistical calculations and quantitative characteristics, interpretive analysis (interpretation of semantics of certain syntactic units), transformation (transformation of a certain syntactic structure in order to characterize it). It was found that the main criteria for distinguishing absolute verbs from others are: semantic (denotative), grammatical (syntactic connections) and the nature of connections with dependent words or components in the sentence structure. The basis for the formation of formal-grammatical and semantic-syntactic structure of unextended sentences are absolute verbs, which by their internal potential do not predict, do not open the obligatory right-hand positions to fill them with words with objective or circumstantial meaning. The correlation of absolute verbs with the realities of extralinguistic reality provides their own phonemic composition because such verbs have a sufficient semantic content. If necessary, absolute verbs can be extended by dependent words, but this is not necessary, because the verb feature conveyed by the absolute token is semantically complete. It is observed that the subject of an unextended two-member sentence verb is not explained by secondary members, is not complicated and is expressed by the words with absolute meaning, with complete semantics, which are the names of persons, beings, objects, phenomena, abstract concepts. The predicate of an unextended two-member sentence is represented by words that do not allow communicative development of the statement, are characterized by complete semantics and mean the state of the person; procedural state of the subject; transition from one state to another; specific action of a person as his permanent occupation, specialty. It is stated that the main member of an unextended one-member verb sentence coincides in form with the predicate of a two-member sentence but combines the meaning of a logical subject and a predicate and is expressed by word forms that are able to reflect the corresponding fragment of reality. Analysis of unextended verb sentences without the obligatory predicate components showed that their semantics is a complex of semantic components of different nature. In the semantic-syntactic aspect, the considered units have certain differential features, which are caused primarily by the peculiarities of absolute predicate verbs, which are characterized by self-sufficient semantic content. The results of our scientific research are designed to help solve certain issues of syntax of modern Ukrainian literary language. Research materials can be used in teaching university courses “Modern Ukrainian literary language”, “Stylistics of the Ukrainian language”, “History of Ukrainian literary language”, “History of Ukrainian literature of the 20th century”, as well as in the process of creating works on the life and works of Oles Honchar.

Interconfessional Polemics in a Model of Ukrainian Literary History

Polemic texts on issues of Orthodox-Catholic relations occupy, for various reasons, a prominent place among publications in Ukrainian literature of the late 16th – early 17th centuries. Because of this, researchers of the history of Ukrainian literature continue to be interested in them. The history of the study of interconfessional polemics depends to a large extent on political contexts, primarily on the national and religious policies of states. Objective interpretation of polemical prose of the late 16th to the early 18th centuries, however, warrants exemption from the influence of this state of affairs and the transfer of the focus of attention to the plane of literary communication. In such a context polemical texts can be seen as a manifestation of societal dialogue, reflecting the search of Ukrainian Baroque writers for their identity in the context of a civilizational dialogue between East and West and in geopolitical changes of the Reformation era.

Особовий фонд українського поета, перекладача і літературознавця М. К. Зерова у ЦДАМЛМ України (до 130-річчя від дня народження)

The article is dedicated to describing the set of documents of the personal fond of Ukrainian poet, translator and literary critic Mykola Kostiantynovych Zerov (F. 28), which is stored in the Central State Archives-Museum of Literature and Art of Ukraine. The history of the creation of this fond has been covered. Such groups of documents as biographical materials, manuscripts of Mykola Zerov’s poems, literary works, translations from different languages (Latin, Polish, Russian, French), lecture notes on the history of Ukrainian literature, M. Zerov’s articles, his epistolary heritage, photos, documents of his wife Sophia Zerova, articles about him have been analysed. The purpose of the study is to attract the attention of scientists and fans of Ukrainian literature to the documents of M. Zerov, help to increase the number of their researchers and putting the little-studied documents in scientific circulation. The research methodology is based on common scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, detailing, generalization, objective-factual and special-historical methods (historical-comparative, biographical, historical-source analysis). Scientific novelty. The author analyzes the information potential of the documents of the personal fond of M. Zerov, some of which haven’t been yet put in scientific circulation. The documents have been systematized and described according to the species composition, their information content has been disclosed. Particular attention is paid to the poet’s manuscripts and letters to his Kyiv friend L. Koshova and wife S. Zerova which are a valuable source for studying his life and scientific activity. The findings state that the personal fond of M. Zerov is very interesting for researchers, because it contains many valuable documents of outstanding poet. The most valuable documents for them are manuscripts of his works, his letters and photographs with friends-neoclassics.

ЗБЛИЖЕННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНТИНЕНТІВ

This article represents an analysis of the specifications of elucidating Ukrainian literary process in the first and second thirds of the 20th century, as shown by Professor Yuriy Kovaliv in his “History of Ukrainian Literature. The end of the 19th — the beginning of the 21st century” (sixth and seventh volumes out of 10 volumes planned). The significant textual material in Yu. Kovaliv’s interpretation may become not only a subject to diversely study at philological high schools, but also a powerful factor of scientific enquiries. Since being examined under nontrivial angle and thereinafter described by precise academic language without any overusing of terms, it can serve a base to further researches of Ukrainian literature in the trend of fulfillment of so-called “whitespots” that were so peculiar for the period chosen.

“Phenomenon of dual face”: Yurii Kosach at intersection of myth and ideology

The paper offers an analysis of Yurii Kosach’s literary heritage in the context of the Ukrainian literary process of the 20th century. The main subject is biographical, ideological, aesthetic, and ethical factors that influenced the formation of the writer’s self-identity. Special attention is paid to the ambivalence of Kosach’s worldview, the duality of his status, which was reflected in his literary self-representation.
 The views of Yurii Kosach on the historical role, cultural and social aims of the emigrants have been clarified. The paper discusses the history of the conflict between Yurii Kosach and the circle of the post-war Ukrainian emigrants, the theme of Kosach’s collaboration with Soviet totalitarian political and literary environments. Yurii Kosach’s engagement in the Soviet literary process is considered in the context of myth about Faust and Mephistopheles, which serves as a political metaphor covering the entire totalitarian history of Ukrainian literature and culture. The writer’s split between various totalitarian ideologies is considered as one of the symbolic plots of his time and interpreted psychologically.
 One of the main plots in Kosach’s prose, realized in his various works, is a symbolic meeting of Ukraine and Europe. The paper considers his understanding of Europeanism, the crisis of Ukrainian literature, the problem of the writer’s self-sufficiency, etc. Such issues as mythological thinking of Yurii Kosach, the influence of the neo-baroque and neo-romantic traditions on his work, the appeal to Panteleimon Kulish’s idea of Ukrainian Europe, the writer’s participation in the ideological discussion about the national and cultural identity of Mykola Gogol have been outlined as well.
 The author of the paper marks out Yurii Kosach’s critical heritage of the Art Ukrainian Movement period and issues of ideological, aesthetic, and stylistic modernization of Ukrainian literature, which have been considered in the context of ideological discussions and philosophical searches of his contemporaries.

THEONYM GOD AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PAGAN SCRIPT (ON THE MATERIAL OF PROSE TEXTS OF THE UKRAINIAN WRITER OF THE XX CENTURY DOKIIA HUMENNA)

The article deals with the topical problem of linguistic objectification of the theonym god in the works of the Ukrainian writer of the twentieth century Dokiia Humenna who is a bright representative of the cultural and emigration space, whose name has been kept secret for more than half a century and is only now returning to the reader. The aim of the study was to find out the specifics of its linguization in the Ukrainian artistic language. For the first time, the theonym god became the object of linguistic analysis from the standpoint of modern onomastics, which allowed us to establish the peculiarities of its implementation in the individual mental lexicon. The method of contextual-interpretive and descriptive analysis was used as the main in the article. The material was micro-novels from D. Humenna's book "Walk through the alleys of millennia", in which the writer, based on anthropological, ethnographic, linguistic and other information, clarifies the national and cultural nature of the concept of god, represented by the appropriate name, primarily pagan script. It is established that, trying to penetrate into the depths of the people's worldview, D. Humenna attached great importance to the problem of spirituality, in which an important place was occupied by understanding god, revealing the linguistic and cultural nature of his main verbalizer, which led to other linguistic characteristics of relevant theonym (use in the plural form, the presence of generic correlates, attachment to a certain area of life) and allowed to interpret the concept nominated by it as central at different stages of pagan development. The value of the analysis lies in the disclosure of little-studied linguistic problems associated with the understanding of sacred terminology and the ability to fill certain gaps in the history of Ukrainian literature. As for perspectives, we see them in the further study of religious vocabulary, primarily in individual mental lexicons.

Ціннісні орієнтири творчості Mаксима Рильського

The works of Maksym Rylsky are very significant in the history of Ukrainian literature. His name is mentioned in different encyclopedias and in the antology of the world art. Understanding of the creative heritage of Rylsky as a poet, writer, publicist, translator has found widespread echo in the studies of literary scholars, philologists, writers, critics, translation specialists, etc. The creativity of the writer reflects the ideals, aspirations, spirit of the people and the nation. The first collection On White Islands, which was written in pretty young age, stated the appearance of the strong talent. According to the researches, new books of Rylsky are the basis of his poetic “neoclassicism.” The centuries-old cultural reality for Rylsky was a constant source of poetic inspiration. He expressed his creative credo in lots of poems, the main point of which was the purity and probity of a poetic word, sincerity and honesty. However, in 1931, when Maksym Rylsky survived the arrest and pressure of the Soviet system, he had to force himself to write openly conformist works that were included in the book The Sign of Libra. The pragmatic and cruel mechanism of imperial culture suppressed the individual aesthetic sense of the artist, breaking his original worldview. However, in these difficult times for Ukrainian culture Rylsky managed to write outstanding works in which he presented the national idea, awakened the historical memory of his people, affirmed the idea of his talent, national re generation of Ukraine, the immortality of his native language. t is obvious that the poet and philosopher Maksym Rylsky was, is and will be one of the greatest Ukrainian poets of the twentieth century. He was an activist of the Franko’s format culture, which, in the event of a tragic creative defacement, was still able to move Ukrainian spirituality forward, to develop our language, our understanding of nature and the human soul.

«НАУКОВА ОДІССЕЯ» НАДІЇ СУРОВЦОВОЇ: НАРИС ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ БІОГРАФІЇ НЕСКОРЕНОЇ УМАНЧАНКИ

На основі першоджерел – мемуарної літератури, архівних матеріалів і наукових напрацювань низки вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників відтворено наукову біографію Надії Суровцової в галузі історії України, краєзнавства, етнографії й мистецтвознавства. Можна окреслити кілька напрямків її роботи: це докторська дисертація «Богдан Хмельницький та ідея української державності», історичні розвідки про декабристів, праця в Уманському краєзнавчому музеї, активна участь у відкритті Уманської картинної галереї, вивчення історії міста й дендропарку «Софіївка», численні статті краєзнавчого характеру, зокрема про цадика Нахмана, у місцевій й зарубіжній пресі, аналіз яких стане темою наступних наших досліджень.