History Of Trauma Research Articles

Addressing the Harms of Structural Racism on Health in Incarcerated Youth Through Improved Nutrition and Exercise Programs.

Every year, hundreds of thousands of youth across the country enter the juvenile legal system. A significantly disproportionate number of them are youth of color. While youth arrests have declined over the past several decades, racial disparities have increased and persist at every stage of the system. Many youth of color enter the juvenile legal system with a history of trauma and stress that compromises their health and well-being. Arrest, prosecution, and incarceration exacerbate these poor health outcomes. This paper examines several of the health impacts of structural racism in the policing and incarceration of youth of color. The paper begins by highlighting some of the most pressing social determinants of adolescent health and then considers how youth detention and incarceration contribute to unhealthy weight, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease through unhealthy food environments, limited physical activity, and the added stress of the incarceration setting. This paper adds to the existing literature on the harms of youth detention and advocates for harms elimination strategies grounded in a public health approach to public safety and community-based alternatives to detention. For those youth who will remain in detention, the authors offer suggestions to reduce harms and improve the health of systems-involved youth, including opportunities for research.

Coping styles do not interact with the association between childhood trauma history and the immune-inflammatory phenotype of schizophrenia: Findings from a cross-sectional study

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a well-known risk factor of schizophrenia. Moreover, individuals with schizophrenia are likely to use maladaptive stress coping strategies. Although it has been reported that a history of ACEs might be associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype in patients with schizophrenia, the interacting effect of coping styles on this association has not been tested so far. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the levels of immune-inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs), taking into consideration a history of ACEs and coping strategies. Participants included 119 patients with schizophrenia and 120 HCs. Serum levels of 26 immune-inflammatory markers were determined. A history of any categories of ACEs was significantly more frequent in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia were significantly more likely to use emotion-focused coping and less likely to use active coping strategies compared to HCs. The levels of interleukin(IL)-6, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), appeared to be elevated in patients with schizophrenia after adjustment for potential confounding factors in all tested models. Participants reporting a history of any ACEs had significantly higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6. No significant main and interactive effects of active strategies as the predominant coping on immune-inflammatory markers with altered levels in patients with schizophrenia were found. Findings from the present study indicate that ACEs are associated with elevated TNF-α and IL-6 levels regardless of schizophrenia diagnosis and predominant coping styles.

Trauma History Questionnaire: validation with novel samples of incarcerated women and perinatal women

ABSTRACT Trauma exposure is associated with numerous negative outcomes, many of which are amplified within at-risk populations. Two under-researched and at-risk populations, incarcerated women and perinatal women, both report high rates of trauma, psychopathology, and PTSD compared to the general population. One common measure of trauma exposure in various populations, including incarcerated women and perinatal women, is the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ). However, no known studies have validated the THQ within these two unique, understudied populations. Using data from two studies of incarcerated women and one study of perinatal women, researchers explored indices of THQ construct, predictive, and convergent validity. The study also included between-sample comparisons, highlighting differences in trauma incidence between the included samples. Analyses supported statistically significant relations between THQ scores and Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS), depressive symptoms, PTSD, and psychological distress. Prenatal women’s THQ scores were also predictive of later postpartum depressive symptoms. Significantly higher THQ scores were found within the incarcerated samples compared to the perinatal sample. The study results provide further information about trauma within incarcerated and perinatal populations, as well as increase understanding of the utility of trauma assessments within these vulnerable groups.

0799 Do Weighted Blankets Improve Sleep Among Children with a History of Trauma? A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

0799 Do Weighted Blankets Improve Sleep Among Children with a History of Trauma? A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

Calciphylaxis and Intractable Pain in a Veteran with Psychological Trauma History

Calciphylaxis and Intractable Pain in a Veteran with Psychological Trauma History

Age is Associated with Level of First-Time Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: An Ordinal Analysis of Factors Influencing Timing of Cervical Degeneration

Symptomatic cervical spondylosis is often treated with anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). However, few factors can predict which cervical level will degenerate and require intervention. This analysis evaluates pre-procedural factors associated with level of first-time single-level ACDF. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent single-level ACDF without prior history of spine surgery. Mann Whitney U-tests and Spearman rank-order correlation were performed for analyses of associations between variables of interest and ACDF level. Adjusted odds-ratios were calculated by proportional-odds logistic regression, with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), current tobacco use, history of neck trauma, preoperative radicular symptoms, and preoperative myelopathic symptoms as covariates. 141 patients met inclusion criteria, and age demonstrated a negative correlation with ACDF level, such that younger patients tended to have ACDF performed at inferior subaxial levels (p=0.0006, rho = -0.31, moderately strong relationship). Patients with pre-operative radicular symptoms and myelopathic symptoms were more likely to have ACDF performed at inferior (p=0.0001) and superior (p<0.0001) levels, respectively. Patient sex, BMI, current tobacco use, and history of neck trauma were not predictive of ACDF level. When adjusting for the above variables in a proportional-odds ordinal logistic regression model, a one year increase in age conferred a 4% increase in the odds of requiring an ACDF at a given superior level compared to the adjacent inferior level. Age is correlated with level of first-time single level ACDF. Individual subaxial levels may have unique biomechanical properties that influence degeneration.

Sudden death due to spontaneous rupture of the right atrium in the setting of chronic lung disease: A case report and review.

Sudden death from haemopericardium as a result of a right atrial rupture is uncommon, most particularly when this occurs spontaneously without any prior trauma or evidence of atrial wall pathology. The deceased was a 32-year-old man. At lunchtime his symptoms of unease, giddiness and unconsciousness began and within 45 minutes he arrived at the hospital. His vitals could not be recorded in the emergency department, and after CPR, he was pronounced dead. At autopsy, an isolated right atrial rupture, without any disease of the heart wall, was discovered. The right atrium has the weakest wall and is frequently the site of spontaneous rupture brought on by increased intraluminal pressure. Both liquid blood and clotted blood were found in the pericardial cavity. Low atrial pressure encourages clot formation because it causes considerably slower blood entry into the pericardium at the time of atrial rupture compared with entry at the time of ventricular rupture. Evidence of chronic lung disease was found which explains the raised intraluminal pressure of the heart chambers. Even with no history of trauma or myocardial infarction, the Beck triad - an engorged neck vein, a muffled heart sound, and low blood pressure - should alert the emergency room staff to the possibility of cardiac tamponade because, in a very unlikely scenario, spontaneous cardial wall rupture might occur.

Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Phenomenological Interpretative Analysis Among Female Survivors in France.

Despite its prevalence, intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) remains a concealed and poorly understood form of violence against women. Although it is associated with numerous detrimental effects on mental health, very little is known about the subjective meaning of IPSV for survivors. This study addresses this gap by exploring IPSV from the perspective of female survivors within the context of their relationship with a male partner, using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This study seeks to provide a detailed examination of the personal experience of IPSV and to illuminate its meaning from a personal standpoint. We conducted in-depth interviews with seven IPSV survivors who were recruited after filing a complaint for intimate partner violence (IPV) in France. In total, five superordinate themes were identified: (a) "Setting the stage" describes how the complex dynamics preceding IPSV influence self-representation; (b) "Feeling like I'm nothing" describes the emotional experience of IPSV; (c) "Trying to get it, not getting it" describes how IPSV generates intense cognitive load; (d) "Looking back, developing a theory" describes how IPSV is interpreted retrospectively after breaking up with a violent partner; and (e) "Today: living with it" describes how IPSV affects the present. This study highlights how emotional distress and cognitive uncertainty are present on the way to IPSV, through IPSV, and even after filing charges and separating from the violent partner. Additionally, it shows that survivors attribute IPSV to a sense of individual vulnerability related to romantic love, hope, and traumatic childhood history. This study presents unique findings as it is the first one to explore the lived experience of IPSV among a sample of French IPV survivors.

The Effects of a Single-Session Virtual Rumination Intervention to Enhance Cognitive Functioning in Veterans With Subjective Cognitive Symptoms: Multimethod Pilot Study.

Subjective cognitive concerns (SCCs) entail perceived difficulties in thinking or memory, often reported without substantial objective evidence of cognitive impairment. These concerns are prevalent among individuals with a history of brain injuries, neurological conditions, or chronic illnesses, contributing to both psychological distress and functional limitations. They are increasingly considered to be a risk factor for future objective decline. A considerable number of individuals reporting SCCs also exhibit mental health symptoms, such as a history of trauma, depression, or anxiety. Interventions that address modifiable emotional and cognitive factors related to SCC could improve functioning and quality of life. Therefore, the use of emotion regulation strategies, especially those directed at minimizing rumination, could serve as a promising focus for interventions aimed at mitigating subjective cognitive concerns in veteran populations. This pilot study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a brief, 1-session emotion regulation intervention called "Worry Less, Remember More." The Worry Less, Remember More intervention was designed to reduce rumination and improve subjective cognitive functioning in veterans with subjective cognitive changes (N=15). We randomized 15 veterans to either the active telehealth condition or waitlist control and completed the intervention. Participants were aged between 31 and 67 (mean 49.5, SD 10.1) years, and the sample was primarily male (12/15, 83%) and White (10/15, 67%). The most common diagnoses were posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Following the intervention, veteran input was sought through semistructured interviews with a subset of 12 participants, examining feasibility, acceptability, and perceived efficacy. Preliminary efficacy was also measured using pre- and postintervention self-report measures. Veterans reported that this intervention was acceptable, with 92% (11/12) of the sample reporting that they benefited from the intervention and would recommend the intervention to others with similar difficulties. Semistructured interviews revealed difficulties with feasibility, including problems with the remote consenting process, forgetting appointments, and needing additional strategies to remember to consistently use the interventions. The intervention improved self-reported cognitive symptoms on quantitative measures but did not improve self-reported rumination. This pilot study establishes the preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the Worry Less, Remember More intervention for veterans with subjective cognitive symptoms. Future iterations of the intervention may benefit from simplifying the electronic consent process, providing reminders for appointments, and incorporating compensatory cognitive strategies to assist with using the telehealth system, as well as applying the strategies learned in the intervention. While future research is needed with larger samples, including nonveteran populations, the intervention may also be a useful clinical tool to bridge care between neuropsychology clinics and mental health treatment.

Seizure and Intracranial Hemorrhage: An Early Complication of Bee Sting – A Case Report

Background: Bee sting is a common entity during the summer season and is rarely associated with devastating complications such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, bleeding, and rhabdomyolysis, neurological complications can occur after multiple stings. However, single bee venom infestation resulting in such complications is rare. Patient’s Concern: Here, we are describing a young male, who presented to us with a seizure episode, soon after bitten by a bee sting around his lips. The patient did not have hypertension, diabetes, other risk factors for seizure, or any history of trauma but the patient’s computed tomography head showed cerebral hematoma. Intervention: The patient was managed immediately with an injection of antiepileptics with intravenous (IV) fluids, antihistaminics, and IV steroids. The patient had gross improvement in the sensorium and was seizure free for 48 h under observation. The patient was discharged on the 4th day of admission with 100% recovery. Conclusion: This case report emphasizes the potential for severe neurological complications following bee stings in the form of cerebral hematoma which is clinically important to recognize early and further research is required to better understand the mechanism and management strategies.

Syndromic myopia in marfan’s disease: about a case with review of the literature

Objective: To describe a case of myopic syndrome in Marfan disease. Results: The patient was 45 years old, with high myopia and wearing corrective lenses, with no previous history of any particular problem. She was seen for the management of a progressive bilateral decrease in visual acuity in a white, painless eye, with no history of trauma and no other associated signs. On the clinical examination, the corrected visual acuity was estimated at 02/10 in both eyes. The refraction revealed strong myopia at -11D. The examination of the lens after pupillary dilatation reveals a cortical cataract and upward crystalline ectopia in both eyes. At the posterior pole, there was a myopic cone, chorioretinal atrophy and poor macular reflex, with vessels of normal caliber. The retina was flat with no peripheral retinal tears

Disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection involving multiple bones and lung in an immunocompetent patient: a case report

BackgroundCryptococcal osteomyelitis is a rare and potentially serious condition, typically encountered in individuals with compromised immune systems. This case underscores the unusual occurrence of disseminated Cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent person, involving multiple bones and lungs, with Cryptococcus neoformans identified as the causative agent.Case presentationAn Indonesian man, previously in good health, presented with a chief complaint of successive multiple bone pain lasting for more one month, without any prior history of trauma. Additionally, he reported a recent onset of fever. On physical examination, tenderness was observed in the left lateral chest wall and right iliac crest. Laboratory findings indicated mildly elevated inflammatory markers. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed an ovoid solid nodule in the right lower lung and multifocal osteolytic lesions in the sternum, ribs, and humeral head. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the sacrum showed multiple lesions in the bilateral iliac bone and the lower L4 vertebral body. Confirmation of Cryptococcal osteomyelitis involved a fine-needle biopsy and culture, identifying Cryptococcus neoformans in the aspirate. The patient responded positively to targeted antifungal treatments, leading to a gradual improvement in his condition.ConclusionsThis case emphasizes the need to consider Cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis in immunocompetent patients with bone pain. A definitive diagnosis involves a fine-needle biopsy for pathology and culture, and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungal treatment has proven effective in preventing mortality.

Patient-centered respectful maternity care: a factor analysis contextualizing marginalized identities, trust, and informed choice

BackgroundIncreasing rates of maternal mortality and morbidity, coupled with ever-widening racial health disparities in maternal health outcomes, indicate that radical improvements need to be made in the delivery of maternity care. This study explored the provision of patient-centered maternity care from the perspective of pregnant and postpartum people; experiences of respect and autonomy were examined through the multi-dimensional contexts of identity, relational trust, and protection of informed choices.MethodsWe conducted primary data collection among individuals who experienced a pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey (N = 484) using the validated Mothers on Respect Index (MORi) and Mothers Autonomy in Decision Making (MADM) scale. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) which produced three factor variables: trust, informed choice, and identity. Using these factor variables as dependent variables, we conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis to examine the relationship between these factor variables and social marginalization, as measured by race, disability, justice-involvement, and other social risk factors, such as food and housing insecurity.ResultsResults of our bivariate and multivariate models generally confirmed our hypothesis that increased social marginalization would be associated with decreased experiences of maternity care that was perceived as respectful and protective of individual autonomy. Most notably, AI/AN individuals, individuals who are disabled, and individuals who had at least one social risk factor were more likely to report experiencing identity-related disrespect and violations of their autonomy.ConclusionsIn light of the findings that emphasize the importance of patient identity in their experience in the healthcare system, patient-centered and respectful maternity care must be provided within a broader social context that recognizes unequal power dynamics between patient and provider, historical trauma, and marginalization. Provider- and facility-level interventions that improve patient experiences and health outcomes will be more effective if they are contextualized and informed by an understanding of how patients’ identities and traumas shape their healthcare experience, health-seeking behaviors, and potential to benefit from clinical interventions and therapies.

Spontaneous rupture of 90 mm splenic epidermoid cyst with subcapsular splenic hematoma and hemoperitoneum

Introduction: This report explores the rare occurrence of spontaneous splenic rupture in a healthy individual, attributed to a benign epidermoid splenic cyst. Case Report: The patient, a 28-year-old male, presented with one-week history of abdominal pain due to ruptured splenic cyst leading to subcapsular splenic hematoma and hemoperitoneum without any traumatic history nor underlying conditions. The diagnostic journey, including CT scans, guided the decision for splenectomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with histopathological examination identifying an epidermoid cyst. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing atraumatic splenic ruptures, even in the absence of underlying conditions, and underscores the significance of prompt intervention through techniques like splenectomy.

A Case of Traumatophilia Through Transgender Embodiment

Virginia is a White trans lesbian woman in her late 30s living in a rural environment in the United States. She is a long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy patient in a community mental health center. She has a significant trauma history from childhood. Harnessing Avgi Saketopoulou’s concept of traumatophilia, this article analyzes Virginia’s intra and inter-psychic dynamics that result from her material experience in the world. Under a ubiquitous threat of politicized violence within her community, she experiences a constant fear for her and her family’s safety. At the same time, Virginia experiences a sexual attraction for women who have voiced anti-trans bias. In conjunction with her trauma history, this dynamic illustrates Virginia’s traumatophilia forming a tension between her experience of terror in the face of bigotry and her fantasy of inclusion. Detailing the political implications of trans experience as connected to the psychic conflicts manifested within a traumatophilia, the article concludes that trans experience is both implicitly and explicitly political. As such, psychoanalytic practitioners working with trans patients should focus on the ways in which psychic suffering is shaped and conditioned by the social world.

The relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among adults

Childhood maltreatment is the potential background under the umbrella of adverse childhood experience (ACE). The history of childhood trauma as well as child abuse can be affected lifelong through their adulthood stages. In addition, suicide is the most global issue among young generation. The present focused study determined to get the essence of the direction into the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among adults in Bangladesh context. The cross sectional survey design was adopted for data collection purpose among 160 adults having age ranges between 18 to 40 years. Correlation analysis findings recommended that there is a strong association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation (Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient, r = 0.80, p &lt; 0.01) and (Kendall’s tau-b rank order correlation coefficient, r = 0.62, p&lt; 0.01). Furthermore, controlling with another aspect of chronological age, socio-economic status, profession and mental health service also indicating a moderate strong relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation (Partial correlation coefficient, r (160) = 0.62, p &lt; 0.01), (Partial correlation coefficient, r (160) = 0.63, p &lt; 0.01), (Partial correlation coefficient, r (160) = 0.60, p &lt; 0.01) and (Partial correlation coefficient, r (160) = 0.68, p &lt; 0.01). The present research is the resource for mental health practitioner, academia, researcher, professional child psychologist, scholar, social worker etc who are willing to influence and contribute in mental health areas. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 33(1): 47-55, 2024 (January)

Kurdish Insurgents and Postgeneration: „Big Village” as an Interactive Memory Work

The Kurdish people, lacking a sovereign state of their own, reside within the boundaries of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, where they are subjected to the rules and identities of these nations, often facing restrictions on their cultural expression. This situation has disabled their entry into the filmmaking, with documentaries becoming their preferred medium due to its cost-effectiveness and simpler technical demands. These documentaries typically delve into the Kurds’ painful historical experiences. Big Village (2020), directed by Beri Shalmashi and Lyangelo Vazquez, stands out as the first Kurdish interactive web documentary (i-doc). It intricately weaves personal and social narratives, focusing on several families and a Kurdish insurgent group from Eastern Kurdistan. The i-doc explores the stories of the former residents of Gewredê, a village that has since vanished. It uniquely blends old photos and video clips to craft its narrative. This study aims to analyse Big Village through the lens of the insurgents’ memories, the inherited memories of their children, and the use of archival materials, examining how an interactive documentary can effectively communicate historical traumas to modern viewers.

Childhood trauma and alcohol misuse in college students: The moderating role of minimization

BackgroundHistory of childhood trauma as a risk factor for alcohol misuse in early adulthood is very well documented. Given the associations between childhood trauma and alcohol misuse, more work is needed to understand the factors that influence this relationship. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, minimization of such events and alcohol misuse in a French college student sample. Participants and settingA convenience sampling method was used to recruit students from several colleges located in Western France. The data set included 1180 records with complete responses. MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional online survey. Data collection instruments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). ResultsThe strength of the association between CTQ score and AUDIT total score was increased by minimization score (β = 0.122, p = .07). This result suggests that under-reporting childhood trauma experiences tends to increase the impact of such events on alcohol misuse. ConclusionThese findings suggest that a tendency to minimize threatening childhood events may specifically be related to increased risk of greater alcohol misuse among college students. Therefore, it may be important for clinician to assess minimization of early events in students with a history of childhood trauma.

Clinical Application and Fading of Synchronous Reinforcement for Increasing Self-Feeding for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder and History of Trauma

In the current case study, we evaluated synchronous reinforcement (SSR) as an intervention to increase self-feeding for a 5-year-old male diagnosed with ASD and a pediatric feeding disorder who also had a history of trauma. Synchronous reinforcement is a schedule of covariation where reinforcement is delivered continuously contingent on responding. Synchronous reinforcement has not been previously reported in the literature in a feeding context. A benefit of reinforcement-based procedures, such as SSR, is that they may align with recommendations for trauma-informed care by preventing or limiting the necessity of physical guidance procedures for those with a history of physical trauma. This is of particular significance given children with disabilities are more likely to experience traumatic events and abuse. We demonstrated that SSR was an effective intervention for increasing self-feeding, as well as methods for fading SSR as a treatment component. We discuss the potential for SSR as a trauma-informed approach, and the importance of caregiver collaboration and programming for generalization.

Unraveling the Ayurvedic Protocol in the Management of Ranula

Shalakya tantra is the branch of Ayurveda which deals with Urdhwajatrugata rogas i.e., diseases occurring in supraclavicular region. Acharyas have mentioned various Mukharogas (diseases pertaining to oral cavity) which are further subdivided into various categories. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned five Jihwagata rogas (diseases of tongue) and their management. Upajihwika which is caused by vitiation of Kapha and Rakta, is the Jihwagraroopa shwathu cystic swelling under the ventral aspect of tongue. In modern, it can be correlated with Ranula which is a translucent swelling in the floor of the mouth formed due to sublingual gland trauma or obstruction of the ducts. It further leads to extravasation and accumulation of saliva in the surrounding tissue thus forming a cyst. Case and Intervention- A 49-year-old male patient presented to ENT OPD of Patanjali Ayurveda Hospital with swelling in left submandibular region for 2 months. There was no difficulty in mastication and swallowing with no history of trauma. The patient was diagnosed with plunging Ranula sized 4x3 cm based on USG findings. He underwent three months and 10 days course of Ayurvedic regime and two follow ups showing reduction in size of the cystic swelling. Conclusion: Several surgical techniques have been introduced to treat Ranula ranging from marsupialization, excision of Ranula, excision of sublingual glands, sclerotherapy with varying success and recurrence rate. Ayurvedic protocol aimed at holistic approach by pacifying the vitiated Doshas and showing marked regression in the cystic growth without making the patient undergo the pain and high cost and adverse effect as that of a surgical procedure.