History Of Nation-building Research Articles

SOME FACTORS AFFECTING ACTIVITIES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMY OF THE CHINESE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF VIETNAM UNDER THE PERIOD OF THE FRENCH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT (FROM 1862 TO 1945)

The Chinese migrated to Vietnam very early and they quickly became a part of the population that played an important role in the economic and social development of Vietnam from the 17th century to the present. The Chinese are also one of 54 ethnic groups in our history of nation building and defense. Especially during the period of French invasion of our country, the economic and social activities of the Chinese in Vietnam in general and in the South in particular had many changes, becoming a significant economic competitive force with French capitalists in Indochina. Keywords: Socio-economic activities of the Chinese; Southern region; Vietnam; French colonial government; Chinese.

An Australian Politics of Indistinction: Making Refugees Visible

In this article I examine how the competing positions and claims of Australian citizens, First Nations people and refugees are negotiated visually in the global public sphere. Australian perspectives on struggles over citizenship and semi-porous borders must be understood within a history of nation-building, regional relations and the ideology of Whiteness. How does visual culture constitute categories of inclusion and exclusion? Visual strategies that define and contest the place of Indigenous Australians, as well as refugees seeking to come to Australia have been criticised for depicting their subjects as abject victims who lack agency or history, or simply rendering them invisible. Some have been critical of the visual discourse of spectacular violence that has been created and promoted by the Australian government in its pursuit of policies of 'deterrence'. Seeking to challenge this regime of erasure and de-humanisation, activists have adopted a range of innovative visual tactics, including self-representation by refugees themselves. Tactics of humanisation, such as depicting the love of a mother for her child, draw figures such as asylum seekers into the civil sphere. The extraordinary story of Iranian-Kurdish refugee and journalist Behrouz Boochani traces the emergence of a new humanitarian icon, rising from the invisibility shield of Australia's official border protection regime. I examine the extent to which these strategies shape debates around migration and refugees, and mediate between the historically powerful principles of Australian exclusion and the legitimate claims of refugees.

The Patriotism Education in History Courses of Israeli Middle School

Promoting patriotism and national cohesion in history classes is a well-known practice in modern countries, and especially evident in countries embroiled in ongoing conflicts. Patriotism in middle school history education of Israel bear the task to inherit the essence of Jewish traditional culture, promote awakening civic consciousness and teach the history of nation building. The courses contains main lines of national image creation, complaints for diaspora history, reflection on the holocaust, the current situation of the stalemate with rivalry countries and the outlook for the trend towards integration. It aims at shaping the minds of nation residents with different ethnic, religious, cultural and political background, and turn them into social members with a strong sense of responsibility, characteristics of multicultural and harmonious coexistence. In the comprehensive educational system, Israeli patriotism education is conducive to national unity, social integration and modernisation, but at the same time smacks of Zionism.

The Constitution of Ukraine of 1710 and its place in the centuries-old history of nation-building

The article reveals the socio-political preconditions of the Constitution of Ukraine of 1710, analyzes its content and determinesits place in the centuries-old history of nation-building. It is noted that the Ukrainian Constitution of 1710 had an exceptional politicaland legal significance, as it was a regularity of the existence of the Ukrainian Cossack state and testified to the statehood of the Ukrai -nian nation. The Constitution of 1710 was a kind of social contract, the primary purpose of which is to ensure the rights and free deve -lopment of members of society. It enshrined the principle of separation of state power, established democratic and contractual principlesfor the formation of public authorities, the manner of their organization and interaction, determined their competence and functions.The Constitution of Ukraine of 1710 enshrined other important principles, including equality (Article 6 «equality of the Cossacks inpublic affairs»), the rule of law and the inviolability of natural human rights, which were the basis for preventing usurpation of power,violation of the integrity and sovereignty of the state. The competence of state authorities and officials was delimited and their constitutionalstatus was established. The Ukrainian Constitution of 1710 was focused on the establishment and development of the nationalidea, spiritual and moral values of peace, tolerance, goodness, and justice. During the period of the Ukrainian Cossack state, especiallyat the time of the adoption of its constitution in 1710, the formation of the national idea took place. The Constitution of Ukraine of 1710is important in the history of nation-building. Adopted during the Middle Ages, when predominantly absolutist monarchies ruled, itbecame the most advanced state act in European society at the time, defining Ukraine as a democratic Christian republic with an electedhetmanate. The Constitution of 1710 became the foundation for the further development of Ukrainian statehood. The first Ukrainianconstitution of 1710 was ahead of its time, it was adopted when the French and English educators had just begun to develop those cons -titutional ideas that were already laid down in it. As is typical of constitutions, it defined the state system, the order and principles offunctioning of representative, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and responsibilities of the state, societyand citizens. Given the above-analyzed basic provisions of the Constitution of 1710, it can rightly be considered the first written democraticconstitution in the world. Key words: constitution, state formation, republic, state, nation, Ukraine.

Canada's efforts to ensure the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples

Canada's efforts to ensure the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples

Cindy Blackstock: advocate for First Nations children

She has been called “Canada's Martin Luther King”, the “conscience of the nation”, and a “national hero”, but Cindy Blackstock bristles at the accolades. “The only reason my job exists is because racism against First Nations children has been used as a cost-saving measure. I don't want that job to exist—now or ever.” Blackstock is the Executive Director of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada, a charity that, for 20 years, has lobbied for First Nations children to have equitable access to health and social welfare services. Canada's time to actBeavers, ice hockey, maple syrup, Mounted Police, peace-keeping. These things conjure Canada in the minds of many. Others will add health to the list, for Canada's public health-care system is one of the oldest and most celebrated in the world and because Canada has ministered to global humanitarian, migration, and medical crises for decades. While Canadian values of solidarity, inclusivity, and diplomacy have found much expression in matters of health, there are clear signs that all of the world now “needs more Canada”. Full-Text PDF Challenges in health equity for Indigenous peoples in CanadaCanada's health-care system, like the country itself, is a complex entity. As the two papers in The Lancet's Series on Canada1,2 make clear, the country's health-care landscape is made up of multiple people, places, and policies with often overlapping—and sometimes conflicting—jurisdictions, priorities, paradigms, and practices. These complexities are rooted in Canada's fairly young colonial history that resulted in a nation comprised of a majority of settler and recent immigrants and their descendants, alongside a steady resurgence of Indigenous populations of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples that are growing in numbers, political acumen, and agency. Full-Text PDF Canada and global health: accelerate leadership nowCanada's celebration in 2017 of 150 years as a nation is a ripe time for reflection on both its own universal health system and the country's global commitments towards universal health coverage (UHC) as articulated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).1,2 The recognition in the prairie province of Saskatchewan that farmers should not have to sell the farm to pay for their family's health care was the principled pivot point that triggered Canada's march towards UHC in the 1960s. Although it took nearly a century for the Canadian confederation, established in 1867, to achieve UHC, over these past 50 years, from a global perspective, Canada's universal health-care system is viewed as being among the world's best. Full-Text PDF Canada's efforts to ensure the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoplesIn September, 2017, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stood before the UN General Assembly and acknowledged that the “failure of successive Canadian governments to respect the rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada is our great shame.”1 For generations, First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada were denied the right to self-determination and subjected to laws, policies, and practices based on domination and assimilation. Indigenous peoples lost control over their own lives. Full-Text PDF Canada's vision for global health and gender equalityA global shift is happening. I see it wherever I go—coffee shops to cabinet meetings to international conferences. We have achieved a critical mass of activists and allies around the world who are fighting for women's rights. The message is clear: the world is ready to make real progress on gender equality, and improve the lives of women and girls. Full-Text PDF Canada's universal health-care system: achieving its potentialAccess to health care based on need rather than ability to pay was the founding principle of the Canadian health-care system. Medicare was born in one province in 1947. It spread across the country through federal cost sharing, and eventually was harmonised through standards in a federal law, the Canada Health Act of 1984. The health-care system is less a true national system than a decentralised collection of provincial and territorial insurance plans covering a narrow basket of services, which are free at the point of care. Full-Text PDF Canada's global health role: supporting equity and global citizenship as a middle powerCanada's history of nation building, combined with its status as a so-called middle power in international affairs, has been translated into an approach to global health that is focused on equity and global citizenship. Canada has often aspired to be a socially progressive force abroad, using alliance building and collective action to exert influence beyond that expected from a country with moderate financial and military resources. Conversely, when Canada has primarily used economic self-interest to define its global role, the country's perceived leadership in global health has diminished. Full-Text PDF

Canada's time to act

Canada's time to act

PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN : Sebagai Strategi dalam Menumbuhkan NilaiKarakter

Indonesia as a country that has a wide range of cultural, ethnic, religious and economic backgrounds are different, plurality on the one hand provide the social power, but on the other hand is a challenge when it is not properly managed.Islamicboarding school as an educational institution that has a history of nation-building in Indonesia, ofcourse can be a forum in implementing multicultural education in the face of diversity.This paper describes the multicultural education at Islamic boarding school as a strategy to fostering thesocial soul in diversity.In its implementation does not distinguish from each other ranging from groups such as gender, ethnicity, race, culture, social background through treatment. Multicultural education has been stressed to the students in order to develop the potential and capacity to the maximum as it requires no special spaces in themselves and their environment. Keyword: Education, Multicultural, Islamic Boarding School

Frary, Lucien J. Russia and the Making of Modern Greek Identity, 1821–1844 (review)

SEER, 94, 4, October 2016 746 how the urbanization of the later nineteenth century complicated the ‘Little Russian’ issue. Because Poles and Jews contributed massively to urbanization in right-bank Ukraine, Ukrainians and Russians no longer had the field of play to themselves (or, to be precise, once again did not have the field of play to themselves). Whatever the racial predispositions of the tsarist government, in the context of urbanization St Petersburg was unlikely to take the dim view of non-Ukrainian inhabitants of Ukraine that it might have done if they had nothing to offer the economic well-being of the empire. Thus adherents of ‘Little Russianism’ among Ukrainians felt they were being sidelined. The effect was to sharpen their views. Some responded by becoming outright Ukrainian nationalists, some by becoming outright Russian nationalists. The latter turned into the Ukrainian variant of that well-known historical phenomenon, the centrist from the borderlands, the ‘outsider nationalist’ who was more royalist than the king. These were the unattractive ‘Russian’ nationalists (of Ukrainian provenance) who so disfigured the last years of the imperial Duma. Professor Hillis has made their ostensibly puzzling origins comprehensible. Perhaps it was always likely that some proponents of the Little Russian idea would turn into men of the right, for, with benefit of hindsight, one can see that Little Russianism was never likely to be more than a vehicle, a tactic, a transitional device. Confronted by the socio-economic changes of the later nineteenth century, it fragmented, turning those who had toyed with it into either lumpers (Russophiles) or splitters (Ukrainophiles). The splitters had the best tunes, but the lumpers — the integrationists, the Ukrainian Russophiles — seem a little less disappointing now that they have found their analyst. Newcastle University David Saunders Frary, Lucien J. Russia and the Making of Modern Greek Identity, 1821–1844. Oxford Studies in Modern European History. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 2015. xv + 296 pp. Maps. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £60.00. The early birth of the Greek nation, in 1830, is a major milestone in the history of nation-building in general, and in the history of nation-states in particular. To illustrate, this case of nation-building is one of the only three cases of nation-building taught in some educational systems, prominently in Israel (alongside the German and Italian unifications). In many of the narratives and analyses taught and published about this process, Odessa and the Russian Empire serves, at best, as one of the scenes. That is why, I believe, the book under review is so important: it does not only illuminate the role REVIEWS 747 of the Russian Empire in the creation of the modern Greek identity, nation and state, but uses this case as an example to a wider range of issues which keep historians busy, such as the tension between tradition and modernity, the history of the Orthodox world and church and the relationship between Russia and the Middle East/Islamic World. Chapter one, ‘Russia and the Movement for Greek Independence’, surveys the history of the Greek revolutionary movement and Russia’s relations with the Greek population of the Ottoman Empire from its first contacts in the 1770s to the outbreak of the first rebellion in 1821. Frary successfully demonstrates the ‘strong links’ the Russian Empire had with the revolutionary movement, starting with its initial ‘intellectual stirrings’ (p. 53). Counting on varied sources and a good proficiency in the historiography, he shows how the empire, especially under Nicholas I, was involved in all aspects of Greek nation-building, including ‘government’, ‘church’ and ‘public education’ (p. 53). In analysing the post-1821 period, Frary, again supported by strong archival evidence, concludes that the Russian-Ottoman War of 1828–29, clearly sparked by the Greek War of Independence, was eventually what tipped the scales and allowed the Greek state to be formed (along with other major achievements on the Russian side, such as their sovereignty over Georgia and some areas of modern-day Armenia and the autonomy of Serbia). The second chapter looks at the creation of social and political institutions in the young state, focusing on Russia’s involvement in their formation. Even though during...

The politics of ‘p’ and ‘f’: a linguistic history of nation-building in the Philippines

This paper maps out the linguistic history of nation-building in the Philippines through the politics of ‘p’ and ‘f’ in the country. This politics concerns the various strategic acts of naming the national language at different periods of the country's history that have shaped its fate as the most hegemonic indigenous Philippine language. Tagalog, Pilipino and Filipino have been names given to the national language, each loaded with ideological, political and historical significance. Against English, ‘p’ was appropriated through the renaming of Tagalog as Pilipino; against all other Philippine languages, ‘f’ was institutionalized through Filipino to symbolize the multilingual nature of the national language. Thus, the machinations of ‘p’ and ‘f’ show that the national language is a story of the triumph of the Tagalog language over the vernacular languages. Filipinos have fought colonial rule for centuries, but hegemonic visions of a collective national(ist) struggle and identity have likewise exposed the country to its internal struggles over power and control.

Outsiders Within: Framing and Regulation of Headscarves in France, Germany and The Netherlands

While women in Europe who wear the Islamic headscarf are generally seen as outsiders who do not belong to the nation, some countries are more tolerant towards the wearing of headscarves than others. France, Germany and the Netherlands have developed different policies regarding veiling. In this paper we describe how headscarves became regulated in each of these countries and discuss the ways in which French, Dutch and German politicians have deliberated the issue. The paper is based on a content analysis of parliamentary debates on veiling in France (1989–2007), Germany (1997–2007) and the Netherlands (1985–2007). Our aim is to discuss what these national political debates reveal about the way in which the social inclusion of Islamic women in (or rather exclusion from) the nation is perceived in these three countries. Our claim is that veiling arouses opposition because it challenges national self-understandings. Yet, because nations have different histories of nation building, these self-understandings are challenged in various ways and hence, governments have responded to headscarves with diverse regulation. While we did find national differences, we also discovered that the political debates in the three countries are converging over time. The trend is towards increasingly gendered debates and more restrictive headscarf policies. This, we hypothesize, is explained by international polarization around Islam and the strength of the populist anti-immigrant parties across Europe.

The Meanings of Sanskrit Loanwords in Thai and Javanese Languages

Through history of nation building, Thai and Javanese people interacted with other language speakers. For example, they interacted with Indian mbrchants who also brought their literature and religions. In their contacts, Thai and Javanese speakers adopted Sanskrit words for enriching their own vocabularies. This article attempts to describe the meanings of Sanskrit loanwords. In comparison between the meanings of Sanskrit loanwords in Thai and Javanese languages, there are 14 categories of semantic adaptations which are found in both languages. These changes reflect the changes of the socio-cultural background of the Thai and Javanese speakers.

The Unhappy Marriage of Religion and Politics: problems and pitfalls for gender equality

This article explores how religion as a political force shapes and deflects the struggle for gender equality in contexts marked by different histories of nation building and challenges of ethnic diversity, different state–society relations (from the more authoritarian to the more democratic), and different relations between state power and religion (especially in the domain of marriage, family and personal laws). It shows how ‘private’ issues, related to the family, sexuality and reproduction, have become sites of intense public contestation between conservative religious actors wishing to regulate them based on some transcendent moral principle, and feminist and other human rights advocates basing their claims on pluralist and time- and context-specific solutions. Not only are claims of ‘divine truth’ justifying discriminatory practices against women hard to challenge, but the struggle for gender equality is further complicated by the manner in which it is closely tied up with, and inseparable from, struggles for social and economic justice, ethnic/racial recognition, and national self-determination vis-à-vis imperial/global domination.

Il Nation-building in Croazia. Gli studi recenti

- The article represents a critical route through the existing historiography about the process of national integration in Croatia. What emerges is that it was studied only in some of its aspects, mostly related to political history and regarding only certain periods, above all the 19th century. The author considers innovative those approaches which give more attention to the interaction of the regional with the national level and to the role of minorities. In order to write a future history of nation-building in Croatia it will be also necessary to make use of the international debate about the diffusion of nationalisms and the construction of nations, but preserving the specifity of the Croatian case.Parole chiave: nation-building, Croazia, Jugoslavia, nazionalismo, identitŕ regionali, minoranze nation-building, Croatia, Yugoslavia, nationalism, regional identities, minorities